Virus 1
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Questions and Answers

unique group of infectious agents whose distinctiveness resides in their simple, acellular organization and pat- tern of reproduction

Virus

one or more molecules of DNA or RNA enclosed in a coat of protein, and sometimes also in other layers

Virion

areas of cellular destruction and lysis

Plaque

develops due to the rapid death of cells

<p>Necrotic lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

centrifugation of a suspension at various speeds to separate particles of different sizes

<p>Differential</p> Signup and view all the answers

Viruses also can be purified based on their size and density

<p>gradient centrifugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Viruses, like many proteins, can be purified through concentrated ammonium sulfate.

<p>Precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Contaminants may be denatured and precipitated with heat or a change in pH to purify viruses.

<p>Denaturation of contaminants</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cellular proteins and nucleic acids can be removed from many virus preparations

<p>Enzymatic degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

composed of a nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA

<p>Nucleocapsid</p> Signup and view all the answers

protein coat, which protects viral genetic material and aids in its transfer between host cells

<p>Capsid</p> Signup and view all the answers

regular polyhedron with 20 equilateral triangular faces and 12 vertices (figure 16.10h,j–l). These capsids appear spherical when viewed at low power in the electron microscope

<p>Icosahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

shaped like hollow protein cylinders, which may be either rigid or flexible (figure

<p>Helical capsids</p> Signup and view all the answers

outer membranous layer surrounding the nucleocapsid.

<p>Envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

capsid symmetry that is neither purely icosahedral nor helical

<p>Complex viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

Both helical and icosahedral capsids are large macromolec- ular structures constructed from many copies of one or a few types of protein subunits

<p>Protomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Virus

A unique group of infectious agents, simple and acellular, with a distinct reproduction pattern.

Virion

A virus particle, consisting of DNA or RNA, enclosed in a protein coat (and sometimes other layers).

Plaque

Areas of cell destruction and lysis (breaking down) caused by a virus.

Necrotic lesion

Damage caused by rapid cell death, often due to viral infection.

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Differential centrifugation

Separating particles in a suspension by spinning at different speeds; separates by size.

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Gradient centrifugation

Separates particles in a gradient, based on density.

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Precipitation (virus purification)

A method of purifying viruses by using concentrated ammonium sulfate to precipitate out some large contaminant.

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Denaturation (virus purification)

Inactivation of contaminants through changes in heat or pH.

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Enzymatic degradation

Removing cellular proteins and nucleic acids from virus preparations.

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Nucleocapsid

The core of a virus, made up of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA).

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Capsid

The protein shell that protects and delivers viral genetic material.

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Icosahedral capsid

A 20-sided geometric protein shell, appearing spherical under a microscope.

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Helical capsid

A hollow protein cylinder with possibility to be rigid or flexible.

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Envelope

A membrane surrounding the nucleocapsid of some, but not all viruses.

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Complex viruses

Viruses with a capsid symmetry neither purely icosahedral nor helical.

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Protomers

The protein subunits that build up the complex large structures of helical and icosahedral capsids.

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