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Virus can be characterized by their
❑ Size and shape (threadlike to polyhedral) ❑ Type of nucleic acid (DNA/RNA) ❑ presence or absence of outer envelope Virus structure can be summarized as follows: Covering Capsid (protein) Envelope (not found in all viruses) Virus particle Inner core Nucleic acid molecule (DNA or RNA) Various proteins (enzymes)
Virus structure can be summarized as follows
Covering Capsid (protein) Envelope (not found in all viruses) Virus particle Inner core Nucleic acid molecule (DNA or RNA) Various proteins (enzymes) Glycoprotein spikes – coded by the viral genome virus capsid is the outermost structure on a virus virus is surrounded by outer membranous envelope that derived from the host cells plasma membrane
Parasitic Nature of Virus
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasitic: ❑ Can reproduce only within host cells ❑ Incapable to duplicate its own genetic material ❑ Once inside a living cell, they hijacks the cell’s machinery
Discovery of TMV virus by Dimitri Ivanowsky experiment
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Various proteins (enzymes) Structure of Viruses
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Study Notes
Viruses, Viroids, and Prions
- Viruses have some characteristics of living organisms, possessing a DNA or RNA genome, and are capable of evolving and replicating.
- Viruses replicate using the machinery of a host cell.
- Viruses infect all sorts of cells, from bacteria to human, and are host-specific.
- Viruses lack metabolisms and do not respond to stimuli.
History of Virus Discovery
- Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) suggested that something smaller than bacteria was causing rabies.
- Pasteur chose the Latin word "virus," meaning poison.
- Dimitri Ivanowky (1864-1920) observed that the agent causing tobacco mosaic disease passed through porcelain filters that retained bacteria.
- Ivanowky found that the disease still passed through sap to other plants, indicating that the disease-causing agent was smaller than bacteria.
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Description
Test your knowledge of viruses, viroids, and prions with this quiz. Explore the characteristics and replication mechanisms of these infectious agents, including their ability to evolve and use host cell machinery. Learn about the unique features of these entities and their impact on living organisms.
