Infections in Immunocompromised Hosts
67 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a component of the host immune system?

  • Commensal
  • Bacteria
  • Adaptive immunity (correct)
  • Chemotherapy

    • What are the common infection complications associated with immunodeficiencies?

  • Indwelling catheters
  • Physical barrier
  • Neutropenic fever (correct)
  • Chemotherapy

    • Which type of microorganism is a normal inhabitant of the human body?

  • Opportunistic pathogen
  • Primary pathogen
  • Staphylococcus aureus (correct)
  • Pathogen

    • Which microorganism regularly causes disease in individuals with intact defense system?

    <p>Staphylococcus epidermidis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microorganism causes disease mostly in immunocompromised individuals?

    <p>Candida spp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between primary pathogens and opportunistic pathogens?

    <p>Ability to breach the host immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a host with the ability to mount a normal immune response?

    <p>Immunocompetent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infection is commonly associated with neutropenic fever?

    <p>Fungal infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infection is commonly associated with solid organ or haemopoietic stem cell transplantation?

    <p>Bacterial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a microorganism capable of causing disease?

    <p>Pathogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is commonly associated with Ecthyma gangrenosum?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of neutropenia?

    <p>An absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of 0.02 x 109/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In transplant recipients, fever may be a poor indicator of infection due to what reason?

    <p>Atypical presentation or atypical radiological/histological findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which book provides a molecular perspective of microbial pathogenicity?

    <p>Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a pitfall in transplant recipients?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is commonly associated with septic shock in neutropenic patients?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunodeficiency is associated with atypical presentation or atypical radiological/histological findings?

    <p>Transplant recipients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can be unreliable in transplant recipients?

    <p>Assays based on antibody detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which book provides an introduction to the immune response?

    <p>Primer to the Immune Response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is associated with dampened immune response in transplant recipients?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are part of the innate immune system?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity is characterized by a slower response and long-lived responding cells?

    <p>Adaptive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between primary and secondary immunodeficiency?

    <p>Primary immunodeficiency is genetic, while secondary immunodeficiency is acquired</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common causes of secondary immunodeficiency?

    <p>Trauma or surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of pathogens are immunocompromised hosts predisposed to?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between B cell immunodeficiency and T cell immunodeficiency?

    <p>B cell immunodeficiency affects the production of immunoglobulins, while T cell immunodeficiency affects T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organisms are individuals with T cell immunodeficiency predisposed to?

    <p>Viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main symptom of primary immunodeficiency?

    <p>Persistent right lower quadrant abdominal pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main symptom of secondary immunodeficiency?

    <p>Low-grade fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between primary and secondary immunodeficiency in terms of their causes?

    <p>Primary immunodeficiency is caused by genetic mutations, while secondary immunodeficiency is caused by events that damage the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization recommends evaluating the necessity of catheterization?

    <p>CDC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization recommends reviewing the ongoing need for catheter regularly?

    <p>EAU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization recommends using the smallest bore catheter possible?

    <p>IDSA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization recommends maintaining a closed drainage system?

    <p>HICPAC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization recommends using barrier precautions for insertion?

    <p>CDC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization recommends using aseptic technique/sterile equipment?

    <p>IDSA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization recommends maintaining the drainage bag below the level of the bladder?

    <p>EAU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common type of healthcare-associated infection?

    <p>Urinary Tract Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which infection has the highest infection rate among device-related healthcare-associated infections?

    <p>Bloodstream Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of entry of uropathogens to the catheterized urinary tract involves contamination of the collection bag urine?

    <p>Break in closed drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enables organisms to avoid host defenses, resist antibiotic therapy, and provide a reservoir for ongoing infection if the catheter is not removed?

    <p>Biofilm formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor has the highest relative risk for catheter-associated urinary tract infection?

    <p>Prolonged catheterization &gt; 6 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for catheter-associated urinary tract infection?

    <p>Drainage tube below level of bladder and above collection bag</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which book is referenced for the information on risk factors for catheter-associated urinary tract infection?

    <p>Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Mar-Apr;7(2):342-7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which infection control measure is NOT part of the 5 Point Care Bundle implemented in the Michigan Experience?

    <p>Chlorhexidine skin antisepsis 2% solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the median rate of catheter-associated bloodstream infections (CABSI) after 18 months of implementing the 5 Point Care Bundle in the Michigan Experience?

    <p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated cost of the five most common hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) in the United States in 2012?

    <p>9.8 billion (~ 100 億美元 )</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated cost of the corresponding HAIs in 2012?

    <p>1.8 billion (~ 18 億港元)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated cost of Surgical Site Infections (SSI) in 2012?

    <p>3.3 billion (~ 33 億美元)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated cost of Surgical Site Infections (SSI) in Hong Kong dollars in 2012?

    <p>0.6 billion (~ 6 億港元)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ICUs were included in the Michigan Experience?

    <p>103</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many doctors and nurses were assigned to each ICU in the Michigan Experience?

    <p>1 doctor &amp; 1 nurse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein was preferred for optimal catheter site selection in the Michigan Experience?

    <p>Subclavian vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of surgery is antibiotic prophylaxis appropriate for?

    <p>Clean surgery involving the placement of prosthesis or implant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred type of antibiotics for surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis?

    <p>Narrow-spectrum antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis be administered?

    <p>Within 120 minutes prior to incision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method for skin preparation at the surgical site?

    <p>Clip the surgical site at least 2 hours before surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done before surgical hand preparation?

    <p>Remove rings, wrist-watch, and bracelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be used for surgical hand antiseptic products?

    <p>Alcohol-based handrub</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to maintain normothermia during surgery?

    <p>Maintain the patient's core temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the preferred antibiotic for surgical prophylaxis in clean surgery involving the placement of prosthesis or implant according to the text?

    <p>Cefazolin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended time frame for administering surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis before incision according to the text?

    <p>Within 120 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT recommended for surgical hand preparation according to the text?

    <p>Using artificial fingernails</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method for incision site care according to the text?

    <p>Cover operative wound with sterile dressing and keep intact for 24-48 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of maintaining normothermia (core temp. 36-38oC) pre- and intraoperatively according to the text?

    <p>To suppress neutrophil and macrophage activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration for keeping the operative wound covered with a sterile dressing according to the text?

    <p>24-48 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT recommended for ventilation and environment in the operating theater according to the text?

    <p>Negative room air pressure relative to the corridor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser