Infection of Female Genital Tract
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Questions and Answers

What is a common complaint associated with pruritus vulvae?

  • Nausea and vomiting (correct)
  • Severe abdominal pain (correct)
  • Foul-smelling vaginal discharge (correct)
  • Itching of the external female genitalia

Which of the following is NOT a listed cause of pruritus vulvae?

  • Reactions to soaps and bubble bath
  • Excessive physical activity (correct)
  • Infections such as vaginitis
  • Allergies to personal hygiene products

What symptom is associated with vulvitis?

  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Severe hair loss
  • Persistent fever
  • Redness and swelling of the vulva (correct)

Which of the following factors can contribute to pruritus vulvae?

<p>Wearing non-breathable underwear (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the first step in diagnosing vulvitis?

<p>Reviewing medical history (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the ways HIV can be transmitted?

<p>Sharing needles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of people with HIV may not know they have it?

<p>13% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common early symptom of HIV?

<p>Vision problems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about HIV treatment is true?

<p>Medications for HIV can help extend life expectancy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is vaginitis primarily defined as?

<p>Inflammation, infection, or change in vaginal flora (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of cervicitis?

<p>Increased vaginal discharge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms should prompt a woman to contact a medical professional?

<p>Thick yellow, green, or white discharge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which practice should be avoided to prevent vaginal itching?

<p>Using scented vaginal sprays (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chronic cervicitis is often characterized by which of the following?

<p>Asymptomatic presentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can untreated cervicitis potentially lead to?

<p>Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should women treated for cervicitis avoid sexual intercourse?

<p>Until all symptoms have resolved (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a recommended diagnostic test for women with cervicitis?

<p>CT scan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of infectious vaginitis in reproductive age women?

<p>Candidiasis (B), Bacterial vaginosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable consequence of chronic inflammation of the cervix?

<p>Cervical cancer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with vaginitis infections?

<p>Nausea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended preventive measure against vaginitis?

<p>Wearing loose cotton underwear (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vaginitis is typically found in postmenopausal women?

<p>Hormonal vaginitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic method is primarily used for determining the presence of vaginitis?

<p>Microscopy and culture of discharge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a follow-up visit for women who are untreated for cervicitis?

<p>To communicate test results and assess treatment effectiveness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about untreated HIV progression?

<p>Progression can vary based on individual health factors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most advanced stage of HIV known as?

<p>AIDS (A), Stage 3 HIV (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of HIV is characterized by the body producing antibodies to combat the virus?

<p>Stage 1, acute infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What bodily fluids can transmit HIV?

<p>Breast milk and vaginal fluids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can affect an individual's chance of HIV progression to stage 3?

<p>Genetic resistance to certain strains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the survival rate for untreated individuals who progress to stage 3 HIV?

<p>Around 3 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should women diagnosed with specific sexually transmitted infections be encouraged to do?

<p>Obtain partner services and return for repeat testing in 3 months. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pruritus vulvae

Itching of the external female genitalia.

Causes of Pruritus vulvae

Various factors, including allergies (e.g., soaps, perfumes), infections (e.g., yeast, herpes), irritations (e.g., tight clothing), and underlying conditions (e.g., diabetes, scabies).

Symptoms of Pruritus vulvae

Characterized by intense itching, burning, vaginal discharge, redness, swelling, blisters, soreness, and pain during sex.

Vulvitis Diagnosis

Includes a thorough medical history review and pelvic examination to identify the underlying cause of inflammation.

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Vulvitis

Inflammation of the vulva.

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Vaginal Itching - Causes

Persistent vaginal itching, possibly with foul-smelling discharge, unusual discharge color (yellow, green, white), vulvar burning/swelling, painful urination/sex, requires medical attention.

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Vaginal Itching - Avoidances

Avoid douching, tight clothing, scented products (bubble baths, tampons, sprays), and scented detergents to manage or prevent vaginal/vulvar itching.

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Cervicitis Cause

Cervicitis is inflammation of the cervix, often caused by a sexually transmitted infection.

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Cervicitis Symptoms

Cervicitis may be asymptomatic, or present with increased vaginal discharge, intermenstrual bleeding (especially after sex), mucopurulent discharge, and/or cervical friability.

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Chronic Cervicitis Complications

Chronic cervicitis can lead to upper genital tract infections (e.g., endometritis, PID), impacting pregnant women and newborns, and potentially increasing the risk of cervical cancer.

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Cervicitis Treatment

Treatment for cervicitis involves abstaining from sexual activity until both partners are treated and symptoms have subsided. Testing for syphilis and HIV is also important.

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PID Complications

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) can lead to chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy.

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Cervicitis Follow-up

After cervicitis treatment, a follow-up visit is needed to confirm resolution of the infection

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HIV Transmission

HIV can be spread through sexual contact (anal or vaginal intercourse), sharing needles (for drugs or tattoos), pregnancy, and breastfeeding.

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Early HIV Symptoms

Many people with HIV experience flu-like symptoms 2-4 weeks after infection, including fever, nausea, diarrhea, headaches, chills, sweating, enlarged glands, rash, fatigue, weakness, pain, and muscle aches.

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HIV Treatment

While there is no cure, treatments can stop HIV from progressing, reduce transmission risk, extend lifespan, and improve quality of life.

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Vaginitis

Vaginitis is a condition involving infection, inflammation, or an imbalance of the natural flora (microorganisms) in the vagina.

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Vaginitis Causes

Vaginitis is often caused by an infection or disruption of the healthy vaginal flora.

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HIV: Stage 1

Acute infection stage of HIV where the body produces antibodies against the virus. Symptoms often appear 2-4 weeks after infection and resemble the flu. This stage is highly contagious.

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HIV: Stage 2

Chronic infection stage of HIV where the virus is still active but reproduces at a slower rate. Some people may not have symptoms, but the virus is still contagious. This stage can last for 10 years or more without treatment.

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HIV: Stage 3

Most advanced stage of HIV, also known as AIDS. The immune system is severely weakened, making the body vulnerable to other infections. Without treatment, the survival rate is around 3 years. This stage is also known as AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome).

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What factors affect HIV progression?

Factors such as age, immune system strength, access to healthcare, presence of other infections, genetic susceptibility to HIV, and the strain of HIV all influence the progression of HIV.

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HIV Transmission Modes

Sharing bodily fluids containing the virus, such as blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid, vaginal fluids, rectal fluids, and breast milk, can transmit HIV.

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HIV Transmission: Saliva

The virus is NOT transmitted through saliva.

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HIV Impact on Immune System

HIV targets and destroys CD4 T cells, which are essential for a healthy immune system. Without treatment, this damage can lead to serious infections and eventually death.

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What's the most common cause of vaginitis?

Infectious vaginitis, caused by Candida, bacteria, or other microbes, accounts for about 90% of vaginitis cases in women of reproductive age.

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What type of vaginitis occurs after menopause?

Atrophic vaginitis, a type of hormonal vaginitis, is common in postmenopausal women due to reduced estrogen levels.

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Irritant vaginitis

This type of vaginitis is caused by irritation or allergy from substances like vaginal sprays, douches, spermicides, soaps, or detergents.

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What's a key symptom of vaginitis?

Vaginal discharge is a common symptom, often accompanied by itching, irritation, redness, swelling, and pain during intercourse.

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How is vaginitis usually diagnosed?

Diagnosis is typically based on a woman's symptoms, a pelvic exam, and microscopic examination of the vaginal discharge.

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Study Notes

Infection of Female Genital Tract

  • Pruritus Vulvae: Itching of the external female genitalia, a common complaint. Difficult to diagnose and manage.

Causes

  • Allergies/Sensitivities: Colored or perfumed toilet paper, vaginal sprays, douches, shampoos, creams, medications.
  • Reactions to Products: Bubble bath, soaps, spermicides, sanitary napkins.
  • Irritations: Yeast infections, chlorinated water (pools/hot tubs), synthetic underwear (nylon pantyhose), wet bathing suits, prolonged bike/horseback riding, poor hygiene.
  • Infections: Vaginitis, genital herpes, viral and fungal infections.
  • Other Factors: Diabetes, scabies, pubic lice, eczema, dermatitis.

Symptoms & Signs

  • Extreme itching
  • Burning sensation in vulva
  • Vaginal discharge
  • Redness and swelling on vulva/labia
  • Blisters (clear fluid-filled) on vulva
  • Soreness
  • Pain with sex
  • Increased sensitivity when wiping with toilet paper

Diagnosis

  • Difficult Diagnosis: Several causes.
  • Medical History and Pelvic Exam: Crucial first steps.
  • Diagnostic Tools: Pap smears, urine tests, blood tests, sexually transmitted disease tests.
  • Persistent Itching: Seek medical attention, especially with symptoms listed below:
    • Foul-smelling vaginal discharge
    • Thick, yellow, green, or white discharge
    • Burning and swelling of vulva
    • Pain during urination
    • Pain during sex

Prevention of Itching

  • Avoid douching
  • Avoid tight clothing (like jeans)
  • Avoid scented products (bubble baths, tampons, vaginal sprays)
  • Avoid washing clothes with scented detergent

Cervicitis

  • Inflammation of the cervix: Often caused by infectious agents (usually sexually transmitted).
  • Often asymptomatic.
  • Symptoms:
    • Increased vaginal discharge
    • Intermenstrual bleeding (usually related to sexual intercourse)
    • Mucopurulent cervicitis
    • Friability (common)
  • Chronic cervicitis: Typically asymptomatic.
  • Potential complications: Can spread to upper genital tract, leading to conditions like endometritis and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Increased risk of PID complications (chronic abdominal pelvic pain, infertility), ectopic pregnancy, and cervical cancer.

HIV

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Targets and destroys CD4 T cells.
  • Stages: Acute, chronic, and AIDS.
  • Transmission: Shared bodily fluids (blood, semen, vaginal fluids, rectal fluids, pre-seminal fluid, breast milk).
  • Symptoms (early): Flu-like (fever, nausea, diarrhea, headaches, chills, fatigue, pain, muscle aches, sore throat).

Management Considerations

  • Minimizing Transmission: Avoid sexual intercourse until treatment is complete (for both partners). Test for syphilis and HIV.
  • Follow-up: Testing and evaluation by a medical provider is crucial. Testing for chlamydia, gonorrhea, or trichomonas.
  • Recommended follow-up: To check if the infection has resolved, and to assess test results.

Vaginitis

  • Vaginitis: Infection, inflammation, or flora imbalance of the vagina.
  • Causes:
    • Infectious (bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, aerobic vaginitis) accounts for 90% of cases in reproductive age women
    • Hormonal (atrophic vaginitis) is common in postmenopausal women
    • Irritant (allergies to sprays, douches, spermicides, soaps, etc)

Prevention

  • Loose cotton underwear
  • Water-based cleaning of the vaginal area
  • Avoid perfumed soaps, shower gels, and vaginal deodorants
  • No douching
  • Healthy diet, stress management, and safe-sex practices to maintain optimal vaginal health

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Infection of Female Genital Tract PDF

Description

This quiz covers various infections of the female genital tract, focusing on pruritus vulvae and its causes, symptoms, and management. It explores irritations, allergies, and infections that contribute to the discomfort and challenges in diagnosis. Test your knowledge on this important health topic.

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