Infection, Inflammation, and Early Sepsis Learning Objectives
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)?

  • A condition characterized by a decrease in heart rate and body temperature
  • An exaggerated response to bacterial infections only
  • A localized inflammatory response that remains confined to a specific area
  • A systemic exaggerated response to infection, trauma, or other insults (correct)

What criteria must be met for a patient to be classified as having SIRS?

  • Presence of at least 3 out of 5 specific criteria (correct)
  • High blood pressure, low respiratory rate, and fever
  • Elevated white blood cell count and low heart rate
  • Low body temperature and rapid breathing

What is the lowest acceptable Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) for a patient to avoid progressing into SIRS?

  • 50mmHg
  • Less than 40mmHg
  • 60mmHg (correct)
  • Above 80mmHg

What is the most common goal for the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) in elderly patients?

<p>60mmHg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many criteria from the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) must a patient meet to be considered as having SIRS?

<p>At least 3 criteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of monitoring feeding tubes in patients with an artificial airway/positive pressure ventilation?

<p>To prevent aspiration pneumonia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to obtain a pan-culture (cultures of urine, sputum, wound exudate) prior to starting antibiotics in septic patients?

<p>To identify the exact organism causing the infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the 1-hour timeframe for initiating treatment in sepsis relate to 'Time is Tissue'?

<p>Delayed treatment can lead to irreversible organ damage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of end organ failure in sepsis?

<p>Low perfusion leading to cellular death (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is commonly used for MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) skin infections in the context of sepsis?

<p>Vancomycin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do clots contribute to end organ failure in sepsis?

<p>By blocking blood flow to organs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of obtaining blood cultures in septic patients over a 72-hour period?

<p>To detect bacteria causing septicemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) and Sepsis?

<p>SIRS involves a localized inflammatory response, while Sepsis is characterized by a systemic response. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the progression from Sepsis to Severe Sepsis?

<p>Severe Sepsis includes organ dysfunction or failure, unlike Sepsis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Septic Shock differ from Severe Sepsis?

<p>Septic Shock involves profound circulatory, cellular, and metabolic abnormalities not present in Severe Sepsis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lab tests plays a significant role in diagnosing sepsis by indicating abnormal clotting mechanisms?

<p>PT (Prothrombin Time) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does aging impact the immune system in relation to sepsis?

<p>In aging adults, sepsis may present with subtle symptoms that can be mistaken for normal aging changes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing action is most appropriate for a patient with suspected early sepsis?

<p>Initiating broad-spectrum antibiotics promptly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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