Infection Control Practices Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of sterilization?

To eliminate vegetative organisms without eliminating spores

To eliminate all forms of microbial life including spores (correct)

To physically remove organic material or soil from objects

To reduce the likelihood of infections being transmitted from a source to a susceptible individual

What is the difference between disinfection and sterilization?

Disinfection reduces the likelihood of infections being transmitted, while sterilization eliminates soil from objects

Disinfection is the physical removal of organic material, while sterilization uses moisture and heat under pressure

Disinfection eliminates all forms of microbial life, while sterilization only eliminates vegetative organisms

Disinfection eliminates vegetative organisms without eliminating spores, while sterilization eliminates all forms of microbial life including spores (correct)

Which method is NOT suitable for sterilizing powders and some plastics?

Autoclaving at 121°C for 15 mins

Flash sterilization at 270°C for 3 mins

Dry heat at 160°C for 2 hrs (correct)

Hot air oven

What is the primary purpose of cleaning?

To physically remove organic material or soil from objects Signup and view all the answers

Which method is very reliable and efficient for sterilizing instruments and glassware?

Moist Heat under Pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of disinfection?

To eliminate vegetative organisms without eliminating spores Signup and view all the answers

Which method uses moist heat under pressure for sterilization?

Autoclaving at 121°C for 15 mins Signup and view all the answers

What does handwashing contribute to in infection control practices?

Reduction in likelihood of infections being transmitted from a source to a susceptible individual Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of using protective clothing in infection control practices?

Prevention or reduction of infections being transmitted from a source to a susceptible individual Signup and view all the answers

'Management of Linen' in infection control practices primarily involves:

Removing organic material or soil from linen Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended temperature range for the Central Sterile Services Department (CSSD) according to the text?

18oC - 22oC Signup and view all the answers

Which humidity range is suggested for the Central Sterile Services Department (CSSD) ?

35% - 70% Signup and view all the answers

In which direction should the airflow be directed in the Central Sterile Services Department (CSSD) according to the text?

From clean to relatively soiled areas Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with items before sterilization, according to the rules of sterilization ?

Thoroughly cleaned Signup and view all the answers

Which method of monitoring the sterilization process is considered most important as per the text?

Biological monitoring Signup and view all the answers

What type of monitoring involves using color or physical change indicators to monitor exposure to sterilizing agents/conditions,?

Chemical monitoring Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is recommended for biological monitoring of sterilizers as per the text?

B.stearothermophilus Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT considered suitable wrapping material for the sterilization process based on the text?

$300$-thread-count muslin Signup and view all the answers

At what temperature does boiling occur, as mentioned in the text?

$100^{ ext{o}}$C Signup and view all the answers

What types of microorganisms can low level disinfectants kill?

Vegetative bacteria and enveloped viruses Signup and view all the answers

Which disinfectants are capable of killing everything except spores?

20% gluteraldehyde Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of intermediate level disinfectants on non-enveloped (non-lipid) viruses at normal contact times?

Limited virucidal activity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of microorganisms are NOT affected by low level disinfectants at normal contact times?

Tubercle bacilli Signup and view all the answers

Which type of microorganisms are NOT affected by intermediate level disinfectants at normal contact times?

Spores Signup and view all the answers

What factors can affect the effectiveness of disinfectants?

Concentration, pH of the medium, and surface to be disinfected Signup and view all the answers

Which type of item has the minimum standard requirement of sterilization according to the text?

Critical items Signup and view all the answers

What procedure is preferred but not absolutely essential for semi-critical items?

High-level disinfection Signup and view all the answers

Which type of items have a low risk of transmitting infections and do not ordinarily touch the patient or touch only intact skin?

Non-critical items Signup and view all the answers

Which type of microorganisms can low level disinfectants typically kill at normal contact times?

Vegetative microbes and some non-lipid viruses Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary categorization for items that will be introduced directly into the blood stream or other normally sterile areas?

Critical items Signup and view all the answers

Which method is recommended for destroying vegetative microbes, fungal spores, tubercle bacilli, and small non-lipid viruses on semi-critical items?

High-level disinfection procedure Signup and view all the answers

What risk of causing infection is associated with semi-critical items?

Intermediate risk Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of the contact that non-critical items have with patients?

Touching intact skin or not touching the patient at all Signup and view all the answers

Which type of disinfectant is mentioned in the text as a strong oxidizing agent and a high level disinfectant?

Peracetic Acid Signup and view all the answers

What action is explicitly advised against in relation to disinfectant containers?

Refilling between each use Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with open containers of disinfectants in a hospital environment?

Keep them tightly closed Signup and view all the answers

Which type of disinfectant is suggested as an environmentally friendly option with a broad spectrum of action, suitable for semi-critical items?

Peroxygen based compounds Signup and view all the answers

What is explicitly recommended to be checked before disinfection of articles?

Expiry date of the solution Signup and view all the answers

Which disinfectant mentioned in the text is a combination of chlorine, alcohol, and glycerine?

Hibisol Signup and view all the answers

What should one do with empty disinfectant containers?

Return them to the pharmacy Signup and view all the answers

What is advised in relation to the use of disinfectants for sterilizing instruments or equipment?

Strictly following the disinfection policy Signup and view all the answers

Which type of disinfectant is described in the text as containing chloroxynelol and being clear soluble?

Phenolics Signup and view all the answers

What should NOT be done with disinfectant containers between each use according to the text?

Topping up with new solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended disinfectant for staff hand disinfection?

0.5% chlorhexidine+70% isopropyl alcohol Signup and view all the answers

Which area requires routine preoperative skin disinfection?

Injection site Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pharmacy in ensuring cleanliness as per the text?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT recommended for disinfecting theatres based on the text?

Patient antiseptic baths or showers before surgery Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the proper use of disinfectants according to the text?

Both a and b Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is NOT considered a myth about disinfection in operating theatres as per the text?

Disinfecting theatre floors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary requirement for ensuring the availability of a proper Disinfection Policy as per the text?

Multidisciplinary approach Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Purpose of Sterilization

Aims to eliminate all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores.
Essential for ensuring the safety of medical and laboratory instruments.

Difference Between Disinfection and Sterilization

Disinfection reduces the number of pathogens but does not eliminate all microorganisms; sterilization achieves complete microbial destruction.
Disinfection is commonly used on inanimate surfaces, while sterilization is necessary for critical items in healthcare.

Method Not Suitable for Sterilizing Powders and Plastics

Ethylene oxide is often unsuitable due to its potential adverse effects on some plastics and powdered substances.

Primary Purpose of Cleaning

Removes dirt, debris, and organic material to improve the effectiveness of disinfection and sterilization processes.
Fundamental prerequisite for effective infection control.

Reliable Method for Sterilizing Instruments and Glassware

Autoclaving, which uses steam under high pressure, is recognized for its reliability and efficiency in sterilization.

Purpose of Disinfection

Reduces the risk of infection by eliminating or reducing harmful microorganisms on surfaces and instruments.
Critical in maintaining hygiene in healthcare settings.

Method Using Moist Heat Under Pressure

Autoclaving is the method that achieves sterilization through the application of moist heat under pressure.

Handwashing Contribution to Infection Control

Significantly reduces the spread of pathogens, acting as a primary defense mechanism in infection control practices.

Goal of Protective Clothing in Infection Control

To create a barrier that protects healthcare workers and patients from exposure to infectious agents.
Essential for minimizing the risk of disease transmission.

Management of Linen in Infection Control

Involves proper handling, cleaning, and storage to prevent contamination and spread of infectious agents.

Recommended Temperature Range for CSSD

Typically maintained between 20-24°C to ensure optimal conditions for sterilization processes.

Suggested Humidity Range for CSSD

Ideal relative humidity is between 30% to 60%, crucial for preventing the growth of mold and bacteria.

Airflow Direction in CSSD

Airflow should be directed from clean areas to contaminated ones to minimize the risk of cross-contamination.

Items Pre-Stabilization

Items must be thoroughly cleaned and dried before sterilization to ensure effective microbial eradication.

Most Important Monitoring Method for Sterilization

Biological monitoring is considered the most critical method for verifying the efficacy of the sterilization process.

Type of Monitoring with Indicators

Chemical indicators use color change to confirm exposure to sterilizing conditions, indicating whether the process was effective.

Recommended Organism for Biological Monitoring

Geobacillus stearothermophilus is commonly used as a biological indicator for confirming sterilization efficacy.

Unsuitable Wrapping Material for Sterilization

Plastic wraps that do not allow for steam penetration are deemed unsuitable for guaranteeing effective sterilization.

Temperature of Boiling

Boiling occurs at 100°C (212°F) at standard atmospheric pressure, a critical temperature relevant for disinfection.

Low-Level Disinfectants Microbial Efficacy

Capable of killing certain bacteria, fungi, and some lipid-based viruses but are ineffective against spores and non-lipid viruses.

Disinfectants Killing Everything Except Spores

High-level disinfectants effectively kill most pathogens, including non-spore-forming bacteria and viruses, but not bacterial spores.

Effect of Intermediate-Level Disinfectants

Typically effective against non-enveloped viruses at normal contact times, providing reliable disinfection.

Microorganisms Not Affected by Low-Level Disinfectants

Spore-forming bacteria and certain non-lipid viruses are generally not affected at standard contact times.

Microorganisms Not Affected by Intermediate-Level Disinfectants

High-resistant bacterial spores and certain types of non-lipid viruses are also not effectively killed.

Factors Affecting Disinfectant Effectiveness

Concentration, contact time, temperature, presence of organic matter, and type of microorganism can influence efficacy.

Minimum Sterilization Standard Requirement

Critical items like surgical instruments and devices that enter sterile tissue require a minimum of sterilization.

Preferred Procedure for Semi-Critical Items

High-level disinfection is preferred but not strictly required for semi-critical items, which often contact mucous membranes.

Low-Risk Item Characteristics

Non-critical items have a low risk of transmitting infections and either do not touch patients or only contact intact skin.

Microorganisms Killed by Low-Level Disinfectants

Effective against certain vegetative bacteria and fungi, but not against all pathogens at all times.

Primary Categorization for Directing Items into Sterile Areas

Critical items designated for direct introduction into the bloodstream or sterile areas demand strict sterilization compliance.

Recommended Method for Semi-Critical Items

High-level disinfection is advised to eliminate most bacteria and certain viruses on semi-critical items.

Infection Risk Associated with Semi-Critical Items

These items carry a moderate risk of transmitting infections due to potential exposure to mucous membranes.

Contact Nature of Non-Critical Items

Non-critical items usually contact only intact skin or are not in direct contact with patients, limiting infection risk.

Strong Oxidizing Agent as a High-Level Disinfectant

Sodium hypochlorite is recognized as a strong oxidizing agent and effective high-level disinfectant.

Actions Advised Against for Disinfectant Containers

Avoid transferring disinfectants from original containers to ensure safety and maintain integrity.

Management of Open Containers in Hospital Environment

Open disinfectant containers should be checked regularly for contamination and disposed of according to protocols when necessary.

Environmentally Friendly Disinfectant Suggestion

Hydrogen peroxide is proposed as an eco-friendly disinfectant with broad-spectrum action suitable for semi-critical items.

Check Before Disinfection

Ensuring the articles are clean and free of visible organic material is crucial prior to disinfection.

Combination Disinfectant Mentioned

Biocide named as a combination of chlorine, alcohol, and glycerine is noted for its disinfection properties.

Action for Empty Disinfectant Containers

Empty disinfectant containers should be disposed of safely according to hazardous waste guidelines.

Use of Disinfectants for Sterilizing Instruments

It is advised against using disinfectants as substitutes for appropriate sterilization methods on instruments and equipment.

Disinfectant Containing Chloroxylenol

A disinfectant with chloroxylenol is noted for its clear solubility and efficacy in healthcare environments.

Recommended Practice for Disinfectant Containers

Ensure disinfectant containers are not allowed to contact each other or share tops to prevent contamination.

Recommended Disinfectant for Hand Disinfection

Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are recommended for effective hand hygiene among staff members.

Area Requiring Routine Preoperative Skin Disinfection

Surgical sites or areas where invasive procedures will occur require thorough preoperative skin disinfection.

Pharmacy's Role in Cleanliness

The pharmacy is responsible for ensuring the provision of sanitized diluents and medications, reinforcing overall cleanliness standards.

Not Recommended Method for Theatre Disinfection

Certain aerosolized disinfectants are discouraged due to potential respiratory irritant effects on staff and patients.

Requirement for Proper Use of Disinfectants

Adherence to manufacturer guidelines and protocols is required for the effective and safe use of disinfectants.

Non-Myth Activity in Operating Theatres

Regular cleaning of surfaces between surgical procedures is crucial and not a myth regarding disinfection practices.

Primary Requirement for Disinfection Policy Availability

A comprehensive and accessible disinfection policy is essential for maintaining hygiene standards in healthcare facilities.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the basis of infection control practices, including principles, handwashing, protective clothing, cleaning, disinfection, sterilization, waste management, and more.