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Infection Control Practices and Chain of Infection
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Infection Control Practices and Chain of Infection

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of T cells in the immune response?

  • Releasing chemical substances called lymphokines
  • Activating other cells to regulate the immune response (correct)
  • Producing antibodies specific to the antigen
  • Destroying antigens through protein substances

    • What is the function of memory B cells in the immune system?

  • Producing antibodies
  • Preparing the host for future antigen invasion (correct)
  • Destroying antigens
  • Attracting other phagocytes and lymphocytes

    • What is the collective term for the stimulation of B cells and the production of antibodies?

  • Humoral immunity (correct)
  • Adaptive immunity
  • Cell-mediated immunity
  • Innate immunity

    • Which type of infection is limited to a defined area or single organ with symptoms resembling inflammation?

    <p>Localized infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for infections acquired in a hospital or other health care facility that were not present at the time of admission?

    <p>Nosocomial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are resident flora?

    <p>Microorganisms that are always present without affecting the client's health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do transient flora usually come from?

    <p>Direct contact with environmental surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of flora mentioned in the text?

    <p>Resident and transient flora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of resident flora?

    <p>To prevent the overgrowth of harmful microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are pathogenic microorganisms called?

    <p>Virulent microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between pathogenicity and virulence?

    <p>Pathogenicity refers to the ability of a microorganism to produce disease, while virulence refers to the frequency with which a pathogen causes disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT affect virulence of a pathogen?

    <p>The ability of the pathogen to replicate rapidly within the host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common viral infection listed in the text?

    <p>Influenza</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mode of transmission involves transfer of an agent by animate means such as mosquitoes, fleas, ticks, and lice?

    <p>Vector-borne transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common protozoan infection listed in the text?

    <p>Malaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of eliminating pathogens, except spores, from inanimate objects?

    <p>Disinfection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is commonly used for sterilizing equipment that enters normally sterile tissue or blood vessels?

    <p>Moist heat (steam)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal in breaking the chain of infection between the portal of exit and the mode of transmission?

    <p>Preventing the exit of infectious agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assists the body’s immune system to function properly and allows the body to maintain appropriate acid–base balance?

    <p>Proper nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immune defense protects the host from all microorganisms and includes skin and normal flora, mucous membranes, coughing, sneezing, and tearing reflexes, elimination and acidic environment, and inflammation?

    <p>Nonspecific immune defense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Resident flora are microorganisms that continually live on the skin.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pathogenic microorganisms are called non-pathogens.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transient flora are usually acquired from direct contact with environmental surfaces.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Microorganisms exist only in the body and not in the environment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The function of memory B cells is to provide immediate protection upon subsequent exposure to the same antigen.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cleansing is the process of eliminating pathogens, except spores, from inanimate objects.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Immunization is the process of creating immunity, or resistance to infection, in an individual.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rest and sleep have no impact on a person's health and well-being.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nonspecific immune defenses protect the host from specific microorganisms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proper nutrition does not assist the body's immune system to function properly.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Virulence refers to the ability of a microorganism to produce disease.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fungi can cause infections of the hair, skin, nails, and mucous membranes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rickettsia are intracellular parasites that do not need to be in living cells to reproduce.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Colonization always results in cellular injury.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vehicle transmission occurs when an agent is transferred to a susceptible host by contaminated inanimate objects only.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    T lymphocytes regulate the immune response by producing antibodies specific to the antigen.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Memory B cells are formed to forget the antigen and prepare the host for future antigen invasion.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Localized infections affect the entire body and involve multiple organs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hospital-acquired infections are also called endemic infections.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most hospital-acquired infections are transmitted by health care personnel who practice proper hand hygiene and change gloves between client contacts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the chemical substances released by T cells at the injured area?

    <p>Lymphokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the collective term for the stimulation of B cells and the production of antibodies?

    <p>Humoral immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an infection acquired in a hospital or other health care facility that was not present at the time of admission?

    <p>Hospital-acquired infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four categories into which most hospital-acquired infections typically fall?

    <p>Urinary tract, surgical wounds, pneumonia, and septicemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of memory B cells in the immune system?

    <p>To remember the antigen and prepare the host for future antigen invasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of infection is limited to a defined area or single organ with symptoms resembling inflammation?

    <p>Localized infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of infections mentioned in the text?

    <p>Localized and systemic infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the protein substances that destroy the antigen?

    <p>Antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for infections passed among medical personnel?

    <p>Health care–associated infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of eliminating pathogens, except spores, from inanimate objects called?

    <p>Cleansing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The T cells move to the injured area and release chemical substances called ______.

    <p>lymphokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The stimulation of B cells and the production of antibodies are collectively known as ______ immunity.

    <p>humoral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Memory B cells are formed to remember the ______ and prepare the host for future antigen invasion.

    <p>antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Localized infections are limited to a defined area or single organ with symptoms that resemble ______.

    <p>inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A hospital-acquired infection is an infection acquired in a hospital or other health care facility that was not present or incubating at the time of the client’s ______.

    <p>admission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most hospital-acquired infections are transmitted by health care personnel who fail to practice proper ______ hygiene or who fail to change gloves between client contacts.

    <p>hand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The types of infections typically fall into four categories: urinary tract, surgical wounds, pneumonia, and ______.

    <p>septicemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antibodies are protein substances that destroy the ______.

    <p>antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Memory B cells are formed to remember the antigen and prepare the host for future ______ invasion.

    <p>antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Systemic infections affect the entire body and involve multiple organs, such as ______.

    <p>AIDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of infection with its description:

    <p>Localized infections = Limited to a defined area or single organ with symptoms resembling inflammation Systemic infections = Affect the entire body and involve multiple organs Hospital-acquired infections = An infection acquired in a hospital or other health care facility that was not present at the time of the client’s admission Endemic infections = Infections that are constantly present in a specific region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the immune response components with their functions:

    <p>T lymphocytes (T cells) = Regulate the immune response by activating other cells B cells = Stimulate the production of plasma cells and antibodies specific to the antigen Memory B cells = Formed to remember the antigen and prepare the host for future antigen invasion Antibodies = Protein substances that destroy the antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the pathogen transmission mode with its description:

    <p>Vehicle transmission = Occurs when an agent is transferred to a susceptible host by contaminated inanimate objects Vector-borne transmission = Involves transfer of an agent by animate means such as mosquitoes, fleas, ticks, and lice Direct transmission = Occurs through physical contact between an infected person and a susceptible host Airborne transmission = Occurs through inhalation of infectious particles in the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of immune defense with its description:

    <p>Nonspecific immune defenses = Protect the host from all microorganisms and include skin and normal flora, mucous membranes, coughing, sneezing, and tearing reflexes, elimination and acidic environment, and inflammation Specific immune defenses = Protect the host from specific microorganisms through immune responses such as antibody production and T cell activation Resident flora = Microorganisms that continually live on the skin and protect against pathogenic invasion Cleansing = The process of eliminating pathogens, except spores, from inanimate objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the term with its definition:

    <p>Humoral immunity = The stimulation of B cells and the production of antibodies Nosocomial infections = Infections acquired in a hospital or other health care facility that were not present at the time of admission Virulence = Refers to the ability of a microorganism to cause disease Immunization = The process of creating immunity, or resistance to infection, in an individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

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