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Questions and Answers
What is the expected serum iron level for a patient with Hodgkin lymphoma?
What is the expected serum iron level for a patient with Hodgkin lymphoma?
- Decreased (correct)
- Increased
- Variable
- Normal
Which condition is associated with increased Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)?
Which condition is associated with increased Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)?
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
- Sickle cell anemia
- Iron deficiency (correct)
- Aplastic anemia
What is the iron saturation level expected in a patient with Vitamin B12 deficiency?
What is the iron saturation level expected in a patient with Vitamin B12 deficiency?
- Normal (correct)
- Undetectable
- Increased
- Decreased
How does serum ferritin levels present in iron deficiency anemia?
How does serum ferritin levels present in iron deficiency anemia?
Which of the following has a normal serum transferrin level?
Which of the following has a normal serum transferrin level?
What is the likely serum iron status in a patient with aplastic anemia?
What is the likely serum iron status in a patient with aplastic anemia?
In which of these conditions is serum iron level increased?
In which of these conditions is serum iron level increased?
What happens to the serum transferrin in cases of iron deficiency?
What happens to the serum transferrin in cases of iron deficiency?
Which structure is primarily responsible for maintaining the shape of a cell?
Which structure is primarily responsible for maintaining the shape of a cell?
Which term describes the process of formation and development of blood cells?
Which term describes the process of formation and development of blood cells?
During the second trimester of fetal development, where is the primary site of blood cell production?
During the second trimester of fetal development, where is the primary site of blood cell production?
Which organ is responsible for the maturation of T lymphocytes?
Which organ is responsible for the maturation of T lymphocytes?
What is one of the body's responses when there is severe anemia and the bone marrow cannot produce red blood cells effectively?
What is one of the body's responses when there is severe anemia and the bone marrow cannot produce red blood cells effectively?
Which cytokine is required very early in the differentiation of a hematopoietic stem cell?
Which cytokine is required very early in the differentiation of a hematopoietic stem cell?
What is the primary role of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in hematopoiesis?
What is the primary role of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in hematopoiesis?
What does G-CSF primarily stimulate in the context of blood cell production?
What does G-CSF primarily stimulate in the context of blood cell production?
What is the primary function of 2,3-BPG in its interaction with hemoglobin?
What is the primary function of 2,3-BPG in its interaction with hemoglobin?
Which protein is responsible for transporting iron out of enterocytes into plasma?
Which protein is responsible for transporting iron out of enterocytes into plasma?
In what order do the steps of iron absorption and transport occur?
In what order do the steps of iron absorption and transport occur?
What is the major metabolically available storage form of iron in the body?
What is the major metabolically available storage form of iron in the body?
What happens to the transferrin receptor after delivering iron to a cell?
What happens to the transferrin receptor after delivering iron to a cell?
What role does transferrin play in iron transport?
What role does transferrin play in iron transport?
Which of the following statements about 2,3-BPG is true?
Which of the following statements about 2,3-BPG is true?
Which process occurs first in iron absorption?
Which process occurs first in iron absorption?
What technique change would improve the production of blood films that are too long and thin?
What technique change would improve the production of blood films that are too long and thin?
Which measurement is obtained using low-voltage DC?
Which measurement is obtained using low-voltage DC?
What could be the most likely cause of RBCs appearing redder than normal in a blood film?
What could be the most likely cause of RBCs appearing redder than normal in a blood film?
Orthogonal light scatter is primarily used to measure which aspect of blood cells?
Orthogonal light scatter is primarily used to measure which aspect of blood cells?
What is likely the reason a stained blood film appears bluer than normal?
What is likely the reason a stained blood film appears bluer than normal?
Which of the following techniques is used for measuring the complexity of cells?
Which of the following techniques is used for measuring the complexity of cells?
If a blood film appears to have barely visible neutrophils, what might be a potential issue?
If a blood film appears to have barely visible neutrophils, what might be a potential issue?
The measurement of cellular granularity is best achieved through which technique?
The measurement of cellular granularity is best achieved through which technique?
Which parameter is directly measured and used in the calculation of hematocrit on Beckman Coulter instruments?
Which parameter is directly measured and used in the calculation of hematocrit on Beckman Coulter instruments?
What is the most likely WBC estimate based on the observed counts: 8, 4, 7, 5, 4, 7, 8, 6, 4?
What is the most likely WBC estimate based on the observed counts: 8, 4, 7, 5, 4, 7, 8, 6, 4?
For a very anemic patient with an RBC count of 1.25 x 10^12/L, which estimate of platelets per microliter is most closely correlated with an average of seven platelets per field?
For a very anemic patient with an RBC count of 1.25 x 10^12/L, which estimate of platelets per microliter is most closely correlated with an average of seven platelets per field?
What condition is most likely reflected in the blood picture with WBC of 86.3 x 10^9/L and HGB of 9.7 g/dL?
What condition is most likely reflected in the blood picture with WBC of 86.3 x 10^9/L and HGB of 9.7 g/dL?
In a blood film with a normal RBC count and an average of 10 platelets per field, which platelet estimate is best correlated?
In a blood film with a normal RBC count and an average of 10 platelets per field, which platelet estimate is best correlated?
Which blood disorder is characterized by an elevated WBC count with toxic granulation observed in neutrophils?
Which blood disorder is characterized by an elevated WBC count with toxic granulation observed in neutrophils?
Which laboratory result is unlikely to correlate with leukocytosis?
Which laboratory result is unlikely to correlate with leukocytosis?
What type of microscopy is likely used to analyze a blood film for cellular counts?
What type of microscopy is likely used to analyze a blood film for cellular counts?
Which abnormal RBC morphology is characterized by an irregular shape and is typically observed in certain hemolytic anemias?
Which abnormal RBC morphology is characterized by an irregular shape and is typically observed in certain hemolytic anemias?
Which condition is most likely if a patient presents with an MCV of 65 fL and an absolute reticulocyte count of 20 x 10^9/L?
Which condition is most likely if a patient presents with an MCV of 65 fL and an absolute reticulocyte count of 20 x 10^9/L?
What laboratory finding would most likely indicate a sideroblastic anemia in a patient?
What laboratory finding would most likely indicate a sideroblastic anemia in a patient?
In a patient with anemia characterized by an MCV of 125 fL and an RDW of 20%, which condition would be included in the differential diagnosis?
In a patient with anemia characterized by an MCV of 125 fL and an RDW of 20%, which condition would be included in the differential diagnosis?
Which of the following observations suggests hemolytic anemia rather than another type of anemia?
Which of the following observations suggests hemolytic anemia rather than another type of anemia?
What abnormal finding in a bone marrow biopsy could indicate a problem in erythropoiesis?
What abnormal finding in a bone marrow biopsy could indicate a problem in erythropoiesis?
Which of these conditions is characterized by the presence of schistocytes in the blood smear?
Which of these conditions is characterized by the presence of schistocytes in the blood smear?
Which lab results would indicate a laboratory error when interpreting iron studies?
Which lab results would indicate a laboratory error when interpreting iron studies?
Flashcards
2,3-BPG function
2,3-BPG function
2,3-BPG binds to hemoglobin, inhibiting oxygen binding.
Iron transport proteins
Iron transport proteins
Ferroportin transports iron out of cells like macrophages and enterocytes.
Transferrin
Transferrin
Transferrin is the major plasma protein that binds and transports iron.
Major iron storage form
Major iron storage form
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Order of iron transport steps
Order of iron transport steps
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Transferrin receptor fate
Transferrin receptor fate
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Iron absorption mechanism
Iron absorption mechanism
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Oxidation of hemoglobin
Oxidation of hemoglobin
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Hematocrit
Hematocrit
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RBC Count
RBC Count
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WBC Count
WBC Count
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Platelet Estimate
Platelet Estimate
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Leukocytosis
Leukocytosis
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Anemia Types
Anemia Types
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MCHC
MCHC
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Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia
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Cell shape maintenance
Cell shape maintenance
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Hematopoiesis
Hematopoiesis
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Primary blood cell production site (fetal)
Primary blood cell production site (fetal)
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T lymphocyte maturation
T lymphocyte maturation
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Extramedullary hematopoiesis
Extramedullary hematopoiesis
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Severe anemia response
Severe anemia response
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Cytokines in hematopoiesis
Cytokines in hematopoiesis
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Blood cell production increase
Blood cell production increase
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High-voltage RF waves
High-voltage RF waves
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Optical scatter
Optical scatter
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Low-voltage DC measurement
Low-voltage DC measurement
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Orthogonal light scatter
Orthogonal light scatter
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Cell nuclear volume
Cell nuclear volume
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Cellular granularity
Cellular granularity
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Microscope blood film observation
Microscope blood film observation
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Blood film technique improvement
Blood film technique improvement
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Iron study results in Aplastic anemia
Iron study results in Aplastic anemia
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Iron study results in Sickle cell anemia
Iron study results in Sickle cell anemia
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Iron study results in Iron deficiency
Iron study results in Iron deficiency
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Iron study results in Vitamin B12 deficiency
Iron study results in Vitamin B12 deficiency
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Hodgkin lymphoma iron studies
Hodgkin lymphoma iron studies
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Symptoms of postpartum depression
Symptoms of postpartum depression
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Signs of lead poisoning
Signs of lead poisoning
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Hypochromia
Hypochromia
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Poikilocytosis
Poikilocytosis
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Schistocytes
Schistocytes
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Acanthocytes
Acanthocytes
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Myeloid-to-erythroid ratio
Myeloid-to-erythroid ratio
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Sideroblastic anemia
Sideroblastic anemia
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MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume)
MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume)
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RDW (Red Cell Distribution Width)
RDW (Red Cell Distribution Width)
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Study Notes
Standard Precautions
- Standard precautions apply to blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and semen.
- Concentrated acids are an exception.
- Handwashing is the most important practice in preventing the spread of disease.
Preventing Disease Spread
- Identifying specimens from known or suspected HIV or HBV-infected patients with a red label is a practice for preventing disease spread.
- Wearing disposable laboratory coats and masks during patient contact is also important.
Bleach Dilution
- The appropriate dilution of bleach for laboratory disinfection is 1:100.
Fire Alarm/Sprinkler System Testing
- Fire alarms and sprinkler systems should be tested quarterly.
Chemical Storage
- Alcohol and other flammable chemicals should be stored in approved safety cans or cabinets away from heat sources.
Needle Puncture Prevention
- Improper disposal of phlebotomy equipment is a frequent cause of needle punctures.
Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
- SDSs are helpful in circumstances such as when a pregnant laboratory employee asks about working with a given reagent.
- They are also useful if a laboratory has experienced a failed fire extinguisher or a safety inspection reveals a frayed power cord.
Medical Laboratory Scientist Safety
- When pouring an aliquot, a shield should be used when opening a tube.
- Mary should pour the sample into a sterile tube and wipe the tube with alcohol after replacing the stopper.
- Using a gauze is a valid technique to safely pour off material from a tube.
Fire Extinguishers
- Class B fire extinguishers should be used in a chemical cabinet fire.
Laboratory Coats
- Laboratory coats should be water-resistant and readily launderable.
- They must be long-sleeved and worn fully buttoned.
Safety Management Plan
- A safety management plan includes job safety analysis, risk assessment of safety hazards, and mechanisms for reporting accidents.
- Budgeting for engineering controls and personal protective equipment is also part of a safety management plan.
Blood Specimen Collection
- Wearing gloves is part of standard precautions during venipuncture.
- Positively identifying the patient is also crucial.
Blood Specimen Collection: Needle Selection
- A one-inch, 21-gauge needle is the most common in standard venipuncture for adults.
Blood Specimen Collection: Blood Collection Order
- The recommended order for blood collection using evacuated tubes is: nonadditive, additive, and gel separator, blood culture.
Skin Puncture: Infants
- The lateral or medial plantar surface of the heel is an acceptable site for skin puncture on infants.
Anticoagulants
- Anticoagulants are additives in evacuated tubes that prevent blood from clotting before testing.
Specimen Rejection
- A specimen collected for cortisol in the morning is not a reason for rejection
- A specimen in a lavender stopper tube that is grossly hemolysed is sufficient reason for rejection.
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