Infection Control and Patient Care Quiz

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Questions and Answers

According to the provided information, which of the following represents the correct order of priorities, from highest to lowest?

C, B, A

B, A, C

A, B, C (correct)

A, C, B

When considering the spread of infection, which of the following is classified as the 'host'?

The method of controlling the spread of infection, such as hand hygiene.

A living being where an infectious agent resides. (correct)

The infectious agent, such as a virus or bacteria.

The physical surroundings where the infection occurs.

During which stage of infection is an individual typically the most infectious?

Prodromal stage. (correct)

Incubation period.

Full (acute) stage.

Convalescent period.

An individual is experiencing early signs and symptoms of an infection, such as fever and fatigue. According to the stages of infection, which stage is this individual most likely in?

Prodromal stage (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, during which phase of infection is the organism actively growing and multiplying?

Incubation period (A) Signup and view all the answers

When caring for an immunosuppressed patient, what is the primary reason for healthcare providers to avoid collecting standing water?

Standing water can be a breeding ground for pathogens that could infect the patient. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST critical action to take immediately when assessing a post-surgical patient with a 'rattler' breathing sound?

Immediately notify the healthcare provider for urgent evaluation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST important reason to ensure a blood pressure cuff is the appropriate size?

To guarantee the blood pressure reading is accurate and eliminates misinterpretation. (A) Signup and view all the answers

When preparing an injectable medication, which of the following actions is of MOST importance?

Using aseptic technique and following sterile procedures. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST crucial safety recommendation to provide to parents of toddlers as part of an education plan?

Educating them on potential hazards in the environment and how to mitigate those risks. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best exemplifies a tertiary level of health promotion?

Implementing a physical therapy regimen for a stroke patient. (A) Signup and view all the answers

When communicating with a visually impaired patient, which action is most important for a nurse?

Clearly announcing their presence and identifying themselves upon entering. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of a 'secondary' level healthcare intervention?

Early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of existing illnesses. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is communicating with a patient who is mentally challenged. Which of these approaches is least helpful?

Using open-ended questions to gain detailed insights. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is considered a significant barrier to effective communication between a nurse and patient?

Differences in sociocultural backgrounds between nurse and patient. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using closed-ended questions during a patient interview?

To quickly obtain specific facts or data from the patient. (A) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the nurse-client relationship is an agreement about the relationship established?

The orientation phase. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing to interact with an unconscious patient. Which of the following actions should the nurse do?

Speak to the patient before touching them to avoid startling them. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a chronic illness?

Slow onset of symptoms, with periods of remission and exacerbation. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for communication that occurs within oneself?

Intrapersonal communication (C) Signup and view all the answers

A patient experiencing anxiety, depression, and difficulty concentrating is primarily displaying symptoms related to which human dimension of health?

Emotional dimension. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following exemplifies effective communication with a non-English speaking patient?

Using a medical interpreter for word translation and complex discussions. (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which of the following needs is considered most basic and must be met first??

Physiological needs. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is caring for a patient from a different culture and religion practicing rituals. What is the most appropriate first action for the nurse?

Respect the patient's religious practices and try to accommodate their needs, unless harmful. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is ethnocentrism?

The belief that one's own culture is superior to others and the tendency to judge other cultures by one's own standards. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between culture and ethnicity?

Culture encompasses shared values and practices, while ethnicity is based on a sense of identification with a group. (D) Signup and view all the answers

When prioritizing care, which sequence should a nurse always follow when assessing a patient?

Airway, Breathing, Circulation. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these would be classified as a symptom associated with a patient's physical health dimension?

Color blindness. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What error will occur in a blood pressure reading if the cuff used is too wide for the patient's arm?

The reading will be erroneously low. (C) Signup and view all the answers

When assessing a patient's pulse, which component best reflects the strength of the left ventricular contraction?

Pulse amplitude (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which site for temperature measurement is considered to be the least accurate?

Axillary (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the RACE protocol, what is the first action that should always be taken in the event of a fire?

Rescue anyone from immediate or imminent danger. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A blood pressure cuff is chosen for a patient, what is the recommended approximate range for bladder length compared to the patient's arm circumference?

75-100% (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Health Promotion

Primary: Preventing disease, injury, and promoting health (e.g., immunizations, family planning, accident prevention)
Secondary: Early detection and treatment of illness to reverse severity (e.g., screenings, diagnosis, treatment for early disease)
Tertiary: Reducing disability and aiding rehabilitation after illness (e.g., physical therapy, support groups)

Communicating with Individuals with Disabilities

Physically Impaired: Using augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) strategies like eye blinks, hand squeezes, picture boards, sign language, writing pads.
Mentally Challenged: Maintaining eye contact, using quiet environments, simple terms, and closed-ended questions.
Unconscious Patients: Speaking before touching, keeping the environment quiet, and explaining reasons for touch.
Visually Impaired: Acknowledging your presence, identifying yourself, and explaining reasons for touch, and indicating when discussions stop.
Foreigners who can't speak English: Utilizing medical interpreters, simple terms, or dictionaries.

Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Communication

Interpersonal: Communication between two or more people to exchange messages.
Intrapersonal: Communication with oneself.

Patient Assessment

Facilitate focus and empathy.
Enhance clinical reasoning.
Fostering trust.
Ensuring accurate data collection.

Barriers to Communication

Developmental level
Sociocultural differences
Roles and responsibilities
Space and territoriality
Physical, mental, and emotional state
Values
Environment

Patient Interviews

Closed-ended questions: Require "yes" or "no" answers, gathering specific information.
Open-ended questions: Encourage detailed responses, exploring patient concerns.

Types of Illness

Acute: Rapid onset of symptoms (e.g., common cold, appendicitis).
Chronic: Slow onset of symptoms, periods of remission and exacerbation (e.g., asthma, cancer).

Human Dimensions of Health:

Emotional: How the mind affects bodily function and responds to bodily conditions (e.g., anxiety, depression, concentration difficulties)
Physical: Symptoms related to condition and genetic factors (e.g., genetic inheritance, gender, age, developmental level, Down syndrome, sickle-cell anemia).
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Physiological, safety, belonging/love, esteem and self-actualization.
Cultural Diversity: A wide range of factors affecting patient care and communication (e.g., religious differences, cultural norms, ethnocentrism, specific ethnic or cultural group perspectives.)