36 Questions
What is the main focus of epidemiology?
Studying disease patterns in populations
Which discipline is NOT typically involved in epidemiology?
Chemistry
What is the main difference between communicable and non-communicable diseases?
Communicable diseases spread from host to host, while non-communicable diseases do not.
What is the attack rate in epidemiology?
Percentage of people who become ill in a population after exposure
Which factor is not mentioned as influencing the epidemiology of emerging infectious diseases?
Vaccination coverage
What is the fatality rate of the MERS coronavirus?
35%
Which pathogen is resistant to multiple antifungal drugs?
Candida auris
What is the natural reservoir for several highly pathogenic viruses?
Bats
What does prevalence measure?
The overall impact of a disease on society
What does morbidity reflect?
The burden of disease in a population at risk
What is the case-fatality rate?
The percentage of the population that dies from a specific disease
What does isolation do?
Separates individuals carrying the disease-causing microbe from the rest of the patient population
What is an endemic disease?
Constantly present in a population
What is contact tracing critical for?
Containing an outbreak of contagious diseases like Ebola or measles
What does incidence rate measure?
The risk of an individual contracting a disease over time within a population.
What does mortality reflect?
The overall death rate in a population.
What is quarantine?
Rare and involves separating and restricting the movement of individuals who may have been exposed to a contagious disease.
What does common-source epidemic/outbreak suggest?
Exposure to a single source of a pathogen.
What does the basic reproduction number (R0) indicate?
The average number of secondary infections generated by a primary infection
What is the effective reproduction number (Rt) in epidemiology?
The average number of secondary infections at a given point in time
What is the fundamental property of communicable diseases?
Their ability to produce future cases
What is the purpose of epidemic models in public health?
To allow exploration of counterfactual scenarios and prevent adverse events
Which organization provides federal leadership in managing national public health events in Canada?
Public Health Agency of Canada
What type of epidemic model allows for the evaluation of different scenarios and policy decisions?
Compartmental
What does exponential growth in diseases like measles lead to?
Epidemics
What is essential for projecting and preventing disease outbreaks?
Epidemic models
Which of the following is a common route of disease transmission?
Direct contact
What does the 'Yellow Jack' flag flown on a ship indicate?
The ship is under quarantine
Which type of reservoirs are difficult to eliminate, such as soil?
Environmental reservoirs
What can become contaminated, leading to digestive tract infections?
Food and water
What are living organisms that can carry pathogens and are important in disease transmission?
Vectors
In which type of transmission does pregnant woman transmit pathogens to the fetus?
Vertical transmission
What are common portals of entry and exit for pathogens?
Respiratory and genitourinary tracts
What type of infections can be harder to identify and may spread to others?
Asymptomatic infections
What type of transmission is important for respiratory diseases?
Droplet and airborne transmission
What are non-human animal reservoirs that can lead to zoonotic diseases?
Common sources of zoonotic diseases
Study Notes
Infectious Disease Transmission and Prevention
- "Yellow Jack" flag flown on a ship indicates quarantine
- Reservoirs of infection include humans, animals, and the environment
- Human reservoirs can be exclusive or exist in other animals or the environment
- Asymptomatic infections can be harder to identify and may spread to others
- Non-human animal reservoirs are common, leading to zoonotic diseases
- Environmental reservoirs are difficult to eliminate, such as soil
- Disease transmission can occur vertically (pregnant woman to fetus) or horizontally (person to person)
- Portals of entry and exit for pathogens include the eyes, broken skin, and the respiratory and genitourinary tracts
- Direct contact and indirect contact (fomites) are common routes of disease transmission
- Droplet and airborne transmission are important for respiratory diseases
- Food and water can become contaminated, leading to digestive tract infections
- Vectors, such as mosquitoes and ticks, are living organisms that can carry pathogens and are important in disease transmission.
This quiz covers topics related to infection control and disease prevention, including the concept of quarantine, reservoirs of infection, and the identification of potential carriers of pathogens. Test your knowledge on measures taken to prevent the spread of diseases and the significance of identifying reservoirs of infection.
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