Infection Control and Disease Prevention
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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of epidemiology?

  • Developing new medical treatments
  • Studying disease patterns in populations (correct)
  • Analyzing individual patient cases
  • Conducting laboratory experiments

    • Which discipline is NOT typically involved in epidemiology?

  • Chemistry (correct)
  • Ecology
  • Sociology
  • Statistics

    • What is the main difference between communicable and non-communicable diseases?

  • Communicable diseases spread from host to host, while non-communicable diseases do not. (correct)
  • Communicable diseases only affect animals, while non-communicable diseases only affect humans.
  • Non-communicable diseases are caused by genetic factors, while communicable diseases are not.
  • Communicable diseases are easier to prevent than non-communicable diseases.

    • What is the attack rate in epidemiology?

    <p>Percentage of people who become ill in a population after exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is not mentioned as influencing the epidemiology of emerging infectious diseases?

    <p>Vaccination coverage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fatality rate of the MERS coronavirus?

    <p>35%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathogen is resistant to multiple antifungal drugs?

    <p>Candida auris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the natural reservoir for several highly pathogenic viruses?

    <p>Bats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does prevalence measure?

    <p>The overall impact of a disease on society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does morbidity reflect?

    <p>The burden of disease in a population at risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the case-fatality rate?

    <p>The percentage of the population that dies from a specific disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does isolation do?

    <p>Separates individuals carrying the disease-causing microbe from the rest of the patient population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an endemic disease?

    <p>Constantly present in a population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is contact tracing critical for?

    <p>Containing an outbreak of contagious diseases like Ebola or measles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does incidence rate measure?

    <p>The risk of an individual contracting a disease over time within a population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does mortality reflect?

    <p>The overall death rate in a population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is quarantine?

    <p>Rare and involves separating and restricting the movement of individuals who may have been exposed to a contagious disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does common-source epidemic/outbreak suggest?

    <p>Exposure to a single source of a pathogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the basic reproduction number (R0) indicate?

    <p>The average number of secondary infections generated by a primary infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effective reproduction number (Rt) in epidemiology?

    <p>The average number of secondary infections at a given point in time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental property of communicable diseases?

    <p>Their ability to produce future cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of epidemic models in public health?

    <p>To allow exploration of counterfactual scenarios and prevent adverse events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization provides federal leadership in managing national public health events in Canada?

    <p>Public Health Agency of Canada</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epidemic model allows for the evaluation of different scenarios and policy decisions?

    <p>Compartmental</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does exponential growth in diseases like measles lead to?

    <p>Epidemics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for projecting and preventing disease outbreaks?

    <p>Epidemic models</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common route of disease transmission?

    <p>Direct contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Yellow Jack' flag flown on a ship indicate?

    <p>The ship is under quarantine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reservoirs are difficult to eliminate, such as soil?

    <p>Environmental reservoirs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can become contaminated, leading to digestive tract infections?

    <p>Food and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are living organisms that can carry pathogens and are important in disease transmission?

    <p>Vectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of transmission does pregnant woman transmit pathogens to the fetus?

    <p>Vertical transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common portals of entry and exit for pathogens?

    <p>Respiratory and genitourinary tracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of infections can be harder to identify and may spread to others?

    <p>Asymptomatic infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transmission is important for respiratory diseases?

    <p>Droplet and airborne transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are non-human animal reservoirs that can lead to zoonotic diseases?

    <p>Common sources of zoonotic diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Infectious Disease Transmission and Prevention

    • "Yellow Jack" flag flown on a ship indicates quarantine
    • Reservoirs of infection include humans, animals, and the environment
    • Human reservoirs can be exclusive or exist in other animals or the environment
    • Asymptomatic infections can be harder to identify and may spread to others
    • Non-human animal reservoirs are common, leading to zoonotic diseases
    • Environmental reservoirs are difficult to eliminate, such as soil
    • Disease transmission can occur vertically (pregnant woman to fetus) or horizontally (person to person)
    • Portals of entry and exit for pathogens include the eyes, broken skin, and the respiratory and genitourinary tracts
    • Direct contact and indirect contact (fomites) are common routes of disease transmission
    • Droplet and airborne transmission are important for respiratory diseases
    • Food and water can become contaminated, leading to digestive tract infections
    • Vectors, such as mosquitoes and ticks, are living organisms that can carry pathogens and are important in disease transmission.

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    Related Documents

    Unit 8 Slides Epidemiology PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers topics related to infection control and disease prevention, including the concept of quarantine, reservoirs of infection, and the identification of potential carriers of pathogens. Test your knowledge on measures taken to prevent the spread of diseases and the significance of identifying reservoirs of infection.

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