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Questions and Answers
Which effector inhibits the activation of the TAK1 kinase, leading to epithelial cell damage and inflammatory response?
Which effector inhibits the activation of the TAK1 kinase, leading to epithelial cell damage and inflammatory response?
- VopV
- VopA
- VopZ (correct)
- VopL
What is the primary role of VopC in bacterial infection?
What is the primary role of VopC in bacterial infection?
- Neutralizes ROS
- Promotes actin bundling (correct)
- Causes diarrhea
- Inhibits MAPKs signaling
Which effector acts as an acetyltransferase to block MAPKs signaling, suppress cell division, and induce cell death?
Which effector acts as an acetyltransferase to block MAPKs signaling, suppress cell division, and induce cell death?
- VopT
- VopZ
- VopA (correct)
- VopV
What is the function of VopT in cellular metabolism?
What is the function of VopT in cellular metabolism?
Which effector protein's mechanism of cytotoxicity remains unclear?
Which effector protein's mechanism of cytotoxicity remains unclear?
Why does parahaemolyticus utilize siderophores, heme, and different iron transporters?
Why does parahaemolyticus utilize siderophores, heme, and different iron transporters?
Which chromosome contains the Type III Secretion System (T3SS) that contributes to cytotoxicity?
Which chromosome contains the Type III Secretion System (T3SS) that contributes to cytotoxicity?
What is the role of T3SS2 in Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
What is the role of T3SS2 in Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
Which iron transporter is utilized by parahaemolyticus along with siderophores to scavenge iron?
Which iron transporter is utilized by parahaemolyticus along with siderophores to scavenge iron?
What is the significance of TDH/TRH in Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
What is the significance of TDH/TRH in Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
What is the main function of VopA, VopC, VopL, and VopT in Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
What is the main function of VopA, VopC, VopL, and VopT in Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
Which virulence factor is essential for the initial attachment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to host cells?
Which virulence factor is essential for the initial attachment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to host cells?
What is the role of a single flagellum in Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
What is the role of a single flagellum in Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
What type of motility requires the production of flagella along the lateral side of Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
What type of motility requires the production of flagella along the lateral side of Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
Which proteins are involved in synergy to cause cytotoxicity or enterotoxicity in Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
Which proteins are involved in synergy to cause cytotoxicity or enterotoxicity in Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
What is the role of VtrA in regulating the expression of T3SS2 in Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
What is the role of VtrA in regulating the expression of T3SS2 in Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
How does bile salt contribute to the expression of T3SS2 in Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
How does bile salt contribute to the expression of T3SS2 in Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
What are the effects of T3SS2 effectors on host cells in Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections?
What are the effects of T3SS2 effectors on host cells in Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections?
What are two possible explanations for clinical isolates lacking T3SS2 and TDH/TRH discovered by researchers at Health Canada and in Mexico?
What are two possible explanations for clinical isolates lacking T3SS2 and TDH/TRH discovered by researchers at Health Canada and in Mexico?
How do growth conditions such as the presence of bile salt affect the regulation of T3SS2 genes in Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
How do growth conditions such as the presence of bile salt affect the regulation of T3SS2 genes in Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
What is the mechanism by which Cholera Toxin (CTX) triggers acute diarrhea?
What is the mechanism by which Cholera Toxin (CTX) triggers acute diarrhea?
How does Vibrio cholerae increase its chance of survival and virulence according to the text?
How does Vibrio cholerae increase its chance of survival and virulence according to the text?
What is the role of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in the context of cholera infection?
What is the role of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in the context of cholera infection?
How does V. parahaemolyticus switch serotypes mid-outbreak, as mentioned in the text?
How does V. parahaemolyticus switch serotypes mid-outbreak, as mentioned in the text?
What is the impact of climate change on the probability of V. cholerae becoming virulent through phage infection?
What is the impact of climate change on the probability of V. cholerae becoming virulent through phage infection?
What is the significance of V.cholerae serotypes O1 and O139 acquiring the CTX toxin gene?
What is the significance of V.cholerae serotypes O1 and O139 acquiring the CTX toxin gene?
Which statement accurately describes the role of the T3SS in V.parahaemolyticus virulence?
Which statement accurately describes the role of the T3SS in V.parahaemolyticus virulence?
What differentiates V.parahaemolyticus isolates with and without the tdh and trh genes?
What differentiates V.parahaemolyticus isolates with and without the tdh and trh genes?
What can happen if the T3SS gets transferred from V.parahaemolyticus to V.cholerae?
What can happen if the T3SS gets transferred from V.parahaemolyticus to V.cholerae?
How do V.parahaemolyticus isolates lacking tdh and trh genes differ from those with these genes?
How do V.parahaemolyticus isolates lacking tdh and trh genes differ from those with these genes?
What is the generation time of Vibrio parahaemolyticus at 37°C?
What is the generation time of Vibrio parahaemolyticus at 37°C?
Which type of toxin is produced by pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus that forms tetrameric pore complexes in the host membrane?
Which type of toxin is produced by pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus that forms tetrameric pore complexes in the host membrane?
What is the function of the T3SS1 effectors VopQ, VopR, VopS, and VPA0450 in host cells?
What is the function of the T3SS1 effectors VopQ, VopR, VopS, and VPA0450 in host cells?
Which of the following statements about Vibrio parahaemolyticus is FALSE?
Which of the following statements about Vibrio parahaemolyticus is FALSE?
Which virulence factor of Vibrio parahaemolyticus is responsible for cytotoxicity by translocating effectors into host cells?
Which virulence factor of Vibrio parahaemolyticus is responsible for cytotoxicity by translocating effectors into host cells?
What are the symptoms that can be observed after ingesting food contaminated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
What are the symptoms that can be observed after ingesting food contaminated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
Which Vibrio parahaemolyticus toxin is thermolabile?
Which Vibrio parahaemolyticus toxin is thermolabile?
Pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus produces which type of toxins that form tetrameric pore complexes?
Pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus produces which type of toxins that form tetrameric pore complexes?
What symptoms were experienced by the residents who became sickened in the summer of 2015 in the metro Vancouver area after eating raw oysters?
What symptoms were experienced by the residents who became sickened in the summer of 2015 in the metro Vancouver area after eating raw oysters?
When does 'Vibrio' season typically occur in Canadian seafood?
When does 'Vibrio' season typically occur in Canadian seafood?
What is the most common Vibrio infection from Canadian seafood?
What is the most common Vibrio infection from Canadian seafood?
How are Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections serotyped?
How are Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections serotyped?
What are the names of the T3SS2 effectors translocated into host cells by Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
What are the names of the T3SS2 effectors translocated into host cells by Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
Where are the flagella produced in Vibrio parahaemolyticus during growth in semi-solid media?
Where are the flagella produced in Vibrio parahaemolyticus during growth in semi-solid media?
What is the name of the multivalent adhesion protein in Vibrio parahaemolyticus that binds to fibronectin and phosphatidic acid for initial attachment to host cells?
What is the name of the multivalent adhesion protein in Vibrio parahaemolyticus that binds to fibronectin and phosphatidic acid for initial attachment to host cells?
What are the symptoms of Vibrio vulnificus infection?
What are the symptoms of Vibrio vulnificus infection?
What is the fatality rate for wound infections caused by Vibrio vulnificus?
What is the fatality rate for wound infections caused by Vibrio vulnificus?
What are the risk factors associated with primary septicemia from Vibrio vulnificus?
What are the risk factors associated with primary septicemia from Vibrio vulnificus?
What are some of the virulence factors of Vibrio vulnificus?
What are some of the virulence factors of Vibrio vulnificus?
What is the mechanism by which Cholera Toxin (CTX) triggers acute diarrhea?
What is the mechanism by which Cholera Toxin (CTX) triggers acute diarrhea?
What is the role of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in the context of cholera infection?
What is the role of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in the context of cholera infection?
How does Vibrio cholerae increase its chance of survival and virulence according to the text?
How does Vibrio cholerae increase its chance of survival and virulence according to the text?
What is the impact of climate change on the probability of V. cholerae becoming virulent through phage infection?
What is the impact of climate change on the probability of V. cholerae becoming virulent through phage infection?
Vibrio is a nonspore-forming, Gram-negative, Vibrio shaped ______
Vibrio is a nonspore-forming, Gram-negative, Vibrio shaped ______
Most Vibrio isolates, in each of the potentially pathogenic species, are ______
Most Vibrio isolates, in each of the potentially pathogenic species, are ______
In the summer of 2015, 72 residents of the metro Vancouver area became sickened after eating raw oysters and experiencing symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramping, fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting. These residents had all eaten out within the two days preceding their illness. Each sick person reported eating ______.
In the summer of 2015, 72 residents of the metro Vancouver area became sickened after eating raw oysters and experiencing symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramping, fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting. These residents had all eaten out within the two days preceding their illness. Each sick person reported eating ______.
The most common Vibrio infection from Canadian seafood occurs when the water that oysters are harvested from goes above ______C.
The most common Vibrio infection from Canadian seafood occurs when the water that oysters are harvested from goes above ______C.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections are almost exclusively linked to the consumption of ______ or undercooked seafood.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections are almost exclusively linked to the consumption of ______ or undercooked seafood.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is serotyped according to its LPS (O) antigen and capsular polysaccharide (K) antigen – On the Canadian West Coast, its commonly seen as O4:K______.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is serotyped according to its LPS (O) antigen and capsular polysaccharide (K) antigen – On the Canadian West Coast, its commonly seen as O4:K______.
What is the role of T3SS2 effectors in Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections?
What is the role of T3SS2 effectors in Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections?
How do T3SS1 effectors VopQ, VopR, VopS, and VPA0450 affect host cells in Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections?
How do T3SS1 effectors VopQ, VopR, VopS, and VPA0450 affect host cells in Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections?
What are the potential explanations for clinical isolates lacking T3SS2 and TDH/TRH in Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
What are the potential explanations for clinical isolates lacking T3SS2 and TDH/TRH in Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
What is the significance of the flagellum structure in Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
What is the significance of the flagellum structure in Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
What are the pathogenic characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus haemolytic toxins?
What are the pathogenic characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus haemolytic toxins?
Study Notes
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
- Has a single flagellum at one pole, required for swimming motility, and produces flagella along its lateral side for swarming motility in semi-solid media
Adhesion and Iron Uptake
- MAM7 is a multivalent adhesion protein that binds to fibronectin and phosphatidic acid, required for initial attachment to host cells
- Utilizes siderophores (vibrioferrin, ferrichrome, and aerobactin) and heme to scavenge iron from the environment, causing haemolysis
- Iron transporters are internalized by different membrane receptors on the outer membrane and transported to the cytoplasm by ABC complexes
Type III Secretion Systems (T3SS)
- T3SS is a major virulence factor, injecting effector proteins into host cells through a syringe-like transmembrane device
- T3SS1 is on chromosome 1, found in environmental and clinical isolates, contributing to cytotoxicity
- T3SS2 is on chromosome 2, found in clinical isolates, contributing to enterotoxicity and involved in negative regulation of cellular inflammatory response
- T3SS2 effectors (VopA, VopC, VopL, and VopT) are translocated into host cells, causing cytotoxicity and enterotoxicity
- TDH/TRH are on the T3SS2 regulon, used as diagnostic markers of a virulent isolate
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Description
Explore the evolutionary history of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in relation to their acquisition of virulence genes and the ability to cause illness in humans. Learn about the specific serotypes and genes involved in the evolution of these pathogens.
