Infantile Zerebralparese und Alkoholsyndrom

Infantile Zerebralparese (ICP)

• Symptome (allgemein): Delayed and qualitatively abnormal postnatal brain maturation; delayed development; motor impairments; sensory disorders; perception issues; speech and language problems; epilepsy; behavioural problems.
• Spastische Form: Scissor gait; clubfoot; muscle hypertonia; spastic tetraparesis with inward-rotated thighs; flexion patterns in upper limbs.
• Dyskinetic Form: Fluctuating or lost muscle tone; reduced head control; excessive salivation; oral automatisms (involuntary mouth movements); dysarthria; difficulties chewing and swallowing.
• Atactic Form: Coordination and balance disorders of head, torso, and arms; tremors in the hand; hypotonia (low muscle tone) leading to decreased movement.

Embryofetales Alkoholsyndrom

• Symptoms: Short stature; microcephaly (small head size); facial dysmorphia (e.g., narrow/short eye slits, receding nasal bridge, smooth/absent philtrum, narrow upper lip, narrow forehead); microphthalmia (abnormally small eyes).

Trisomie 21

• Characteristics: Nystagmus (rapid eye movements); congenital glaucoma; congenital cataracts; strabismus (eye misalignment); coloboma (defect in the iris); flat face; sloping palpebral fissures (eyelids); wide eyes; macroglossia (large tongue); epicanthic fold; brachycephaly (short head); hypogonadism (small testicles); heart defects; immunological deficiency; clinodactyly (curved fingers); sandal gap; hypermobile joints; short neck.

Hyperbilirubinemia

• Cause: Increased breakdown of fetal haemoglobin (HbF) between 4 and 6 days of life. Bilirubin cannot be excreted, causing accumulation in the skin, mucous membranes and sclera (white part of the eyes).
• Treatment: Increased fluid intake; forced diuresis (promoting excretion); phototherapy with blue light.

STORCH Complex - Syphilis

• Included in the list of infectious diseases.

Rötelnschädigungen (Rubeola)

• Effects during pregnancy: Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) if the first trimester is infected; this can cause miscarriage, mental retardation, and eye anomalies.

Scharlach-Erreger (Streptococcal Infections)

• Characteristics: Deep red discoloration of mucous membranes; "strawberry tongue"; triangular area between the nose and chin is pale.

Masern (Measles)

• Characteristics: Fever, apathy, maculopapular rash (starting from the ears and spreading to the body and limbs). Koplik spots (white spots in the mouth) are a characteristic symptom.

Plötzlicher Kindstod (SIDS) / Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

• Cause: Unknown, likely multifactorial; risk factors include premature birth, overheating, multiple births, sleeping in the parent's bed.