Podcast
Questions and Answers
An infant exhibits the ATNR beyond 6 months. What potential impact might this have on their motor development?
An infant exhibits the ATNR beyond 6 months. What potential impact might this have on their motor development?
- Accelerated development of sitting and walking.
- Improved balance and postural control.
- Interference with rolling, crawling, and voluntary movement. (correct)
- Enhanced fine motor skills and coordination.
What might an absent or asymmetric Moro reflex indicate in a newborn?
What might an absent or asymmetric Moro reflex indicate in a newborn?
- Typical neurological development.
- Advanced motor skill development.
- Muscular strength and endurance.
- Potential brain injury, brachial plexus injury, or hemiplegia. (correct)
If the Plantar Grasp reflex persists beyond 12 months, what might this suggest?
If the Plantar Grasp reflex persists beyond 12 months, what might this suggest?
- Typical sensory processing patterns.
- Advanced proprioceptive skills.
- Enhanced balance and stability.
- Neuromuscular disorders. (correct)
What does the Stepping Reflex involve?
What does the Stepping Reflex involve?
An infant consistently exhibits an exaggerated STNR. What developmental challenge might this present?
An infant consistently exhibits an exaggerated STNR. What developmental challenge might this present?
The absence of protective reactions, such as the parachute reflex, beyond the expected age range (6 months) could indicate:
The absence of protective reactions, such as the parachute reflex, beyond the expected age range (6 months) could indicate:
What does the Palmar Grasp reflex entail?
What does the Palmar Grasp reflex entail?
What is the expected response when eliciting the Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR) in an infant placed on their stomach?
What is the expected response when eliciting the Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR) in an infant placed on their stomach?
A hyperactive Moro reflex may indicate which of the following conditions?
A hyperactive Moro reflex may indicate which of the following conditions?
What might asymmetrical ATNR or STNR indicate:
What might asymmetrical ATNR or STNR indicate:
Flashcards
Moro Reflex (Startle)
Moro Reflex (Startle)
Sudden head drop backward causes baby to extend arms, then bring them back in as if grasping.
Palmar Grasp
Palmar Grasp
Pressure on the baby’s palm causes them to grasp tightly.
Plantar Grasp
Plantar Grasp
Pressure on the sole of the foot causes toe curling.
Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)
Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)
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Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR)
Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR)
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Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR)
Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR)
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Stepping Reflex
Stepping Reflex
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Moro Reflex (beyond 6 months)
Moro Reflex (beyond 6 months)
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Palmar Grasp (beyond 6 months)
Palmar Grasp (beyond 6 months)
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ATNR (beyond 6 months)
ATNR (beyond 6 months)
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Study Notes
- Reflexes appearing on time, with symmetry, and integrating appropriately are vital for normal motor development.
- Further neurological evaluation is needed if reflexes are persistent, absent, or exaggerated.
Moro Reflex (Startle)
- Onset at birth, integrates around 4-6 months.
- Sudden head drop elicits arm extension, then adduction as if grasping.
- Absent or asymmetric response can mean brain injury, brachial plexus injury, or hemiplegia.
- Persistence beyond 6 months may indicate cerebral palsy or brain injury.
- A hyperactive reflex may indicate increased muscle tone, neonatal withdrawal syndrome, or hypoxic brain injury.
- A one-sided reflex suggests brachial plexus injury, hemiplegia, or clavicle fracture.
Palmar Grasp
- Onset at birth, integrates around 4-6 months.
- Pressure on the palm causes tight grasping.
- Weak or absent grasp may suggest cerebral palsy, peripheral nerve injury, or muscular weakness.
- Persistence beyond 6 months can interfere with voluntary grasping and fine motor development.
Plantar Grasp
- Onset at birth, integrates around 9-12 months.
- Pressure on the sole of the foot causes toe curling.
- Persistence beyond 12 months may suggest neuromuscular disorders.
Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)
- Onset at birth, integrates around 4-6 months.
- Head turn to one side results in arm extension on that side and flexion of the opposite arm ("fencing" posture).
- Persistence beyond 6 months can interfere with rolling, crawling, and voluntary movement control.
- Asymmetrical presentation may indicate hemiparesis or unilateral neurological dysfunction.
Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR)
- Onset at 6-9 months, integrates around 9-12 months.
- Neck flexion causes arm flexion and leg extension; neck extension causes arm extension and leg flexion.
- Persistence beyond 12 months can impact sitting, crawling, and transitioning to walking.
- Excessive STNR may interfere with crawling and posture development.
- Asymmetrical presentation may indicate hemiparesis or unilateral neurological dysfunction.
Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR)
- Onset at birth, integrates around 4-6 months.
- Supine position leads to arm and leg extension; prone position leads to limb flexion.
- A hyperactive reflex can lead to poor postural control and delayed motor milestones.
Stepping Reflex
- Onset at birth, integrates around 2 months.
- When held upright with feet touching a surface, the baby makes stepping motions.
Lack of Protective Reactions
- Lack of parachute reflex beyond 6 months suggests delayed postural control or neurological impairment.
Lack of Righting Reactions
- Absence beyond the expected age may indicate cerebral palsy or hypotonia.
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