Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one of the routes through which an organism may enter the host?
What is one of the routes through which an organism may enter the host?
- Through the digestive system (correct)
- Exposure to sunlight
- Direct contact with food
- By breathing air
In the epidemiological method, which step involves identifying the affected populations?
In the epidemiological method, which step involves identifying the affected populations?
- Who is affected (correct)
- Assessment of environment
- Plan for control measures
- Determine causal factors
What does the epidemiological method primarily focus on?
What does the epidemiological method primarily focus on?
- Development of new medications
- Public health advocacy
- Financial assessment of healthcare
- Dynamic problem-solving actions (correct)
Which of the following is a component of the causal factors of health and disease occurrence?
Which of the following is a component of the causal factors of health and disease occurrence?
What is one of the goals in the planning stage of the epidemiological method?
What is one of the goals in the planning stage of the epidemiological method?
Which aspect does the epidemiological method NOT help to determine?
Which aspect does the epidemiological method NOT help to determine?
What is the primary focus of Pender's Health Promotion Model?
What is the primary focus of Pender's Health Promotion Model?
What is a key consideration in the epidemiological method regarding disease occurrence?
What is a key consideration in the epidemiological method regarding disease occurrence?
Which model is designed to help planners analyze health needs and design effective programs?
Which model is designed to help planners analyze health needs and design effective programs?
In epidemiology, what does 'time' refer to when assessing affected persons?
In epidemiology, what does 'time' refer to when assessing affected persons?
What is a key component of occupational health nursing?
What is a key component of occupational health nursing?
What does the Precede-Proceed Model help evaluate besides program design?
What does the Precede-Proceed Model help evaluate besides program design?
What is the formula used to calculate the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)?
What is the formula used to calculate the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)?
How does Pender’s Health Promotion Model view individual actions?
How does Pender’s Health Promotion Model view individual actions?
Which of the following statements accurately defines Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)?
Which of the following statements accurately defines Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)?
What is a foundational aspect of occupational health nursing?
What is a foundational aspect of occupational health nursing?
Based on the given data, how has the average life expectancy changed from 2000 to 2019?
Based on the given data, how has the average life expectancy changed from 2000 to 2019?
What percentage of the population was estimated to be in the 0-14 age group in 1994?
What percentage of the population was estimated to be in the 0-14 age group in 1994?
Which area is NOT a focus of Pender’s Health Promotion Model?
Which area is NOT a focus of Pender’s Health Promotion Model?
What does a dependency ratio of 79 indicate?
What does a dependency ratio of 79 indicate?
What role does occupational health nursing play in the workplace?
What role does occupational health nursing play in the workplace?
How is the specific rate of mortality calculated?
How is the specific rate of mortality calculated?
What was the population density of Metro Manila?
What was the population density of Metro Manila?
What was the urban population percentage in 1994 relative to 1984 data?
What was the urban population percentage in 1994 relative to 1984 data?
What is the first step in the epidemiological process?
What is the first step in the epidemiological process?
What does the incubation period refer to?
What does the incubation period refer to?
What is the primary goal of implementing a control plan in epidemiology?
What is the primary goal of implementing a control plan in epidemiology?
Which step in the epidemiological process involves collecting primary data?
Which step in the epidemiological process involves collecting primary data?
What defines the source of infection?
What defines the source of infection?
How many basic steps are in the epidemiological process?
How many basic steps are in the epidemiological process?
What is the purpose of quarantine?
What is the purpose of quarantine?
What is emphasized during the evaluation of the control plan?
What is emphasized during the evaluation of the control plan?
Which of the following best describes isolation?
Which of the following best describes isolation?
How is incidence defined?
How is incidence defined?
Which of the following is NOT a common determinant influencing a health condition?
Which of the following is NOT a common determinant influencing a health condition?
Step 5 in the epidemiological process focuses on which crucial aspect?
Step 5 in the epidemiological process focuses on which crucial aspect?
Which of the following can be a source of infection?
Which of the following can be a source of infection?
What does it mean when it is stated that steps in the epidemiological process may overlap?
What does it mean when it is stated that steps in the epidemiological process may overlap?
What defines the outer milieu as a source of infection?
What defines the outer milieu as a source of infection?
Which statement is true regarding mycoses as a source of infection?
Which statement is true regarding mycoses as a source of infection?
Study Notes
Population and Vital Statistics
- Population growth from 75.3 million in 2000 to 109 million in 2020.
- Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) calculated by:
- (Total deaths <1 year x 1000) / Total live births.
- Life expectancy increased from 68.6 years in 1999 to 71 years in 2019, with females at 71.28 years and males at 66.03 years.
- In 1994, 39% of the population was aged 0-14; 5% were 60 years or older.
- Dependency ratio of 79; for every 100 people of working age (15-59), there are 79 dependents (ages 0-14 and 60+).
- Population density averages 249 people per square kilometer; Metro Manila has the highest at 16,051, while CAR has the lowest at 75.
Health Metrics
- Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) determined by:
- (Total maternal deaths x 1000) / Total live births.
- Specific mortality rates assess deaths from designated causes per 1,000 person-years at risk.
Health Promotion Models
- Pender’s Health Promotion Model emphasizes:
- Individual characteristics, behavior-specific cognitions, and behavioral outcomes.
- Lawrence Green's Precede-Proceed Model aids in health program planning, evaluation, and situational analysis.
Occupational Health Nursing
- Focuses on worker health in community settings, ensuring safety and addressing health hazards.
- Research-based practice emphasizes health optimization and illness prevention.
Infectious Disease Concepts
- A source of infection is any location where infection agents live and propagate, can be humans or animals.
- Incidence refers to new cases of disease within a population over a specified timeframe (typically one year).
- Isolation is used to prevent the spread of infectious agents from infected individuals to others.
- Quarantine restricts movement of healthy individuals exposed to infectious pathogens to prevent spread during the incubation period.
Epidemiological Method
- Uses a cyclical approach to identify and control health issues, focusing on affected persons, locations, and timelines.
- Steps include determining:
- Who is affected, where they live, when they were exposed, causal factors, and prevalence/incidence rates.
- Control plans based on population needs, legal mandates, and community priorities are essential for effective implementation.
Epidemiological Process
- Encompasses eight steps that may overlap, focusing on:
- Defining the nature and significance of health issues.
- Identifying determinants and implementing control plans.
- Evaluation of plans involves comparing current outcomes to pre-investigation scenarios to assess improvements.
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