Infant Development Milestones
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the benefits of breastfeeding for mothers in terms of cancer prevention?

  • Reduced risk of uterine cancer
  • Reduced rate of ovarian cancer and premenopausal breast cancer (correct)
  • Increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer
  • Reduced risk of cervical cancer

    • What is the recommended age for introducing complementary breastfeeding?

  • 4 months
  • 6 months (correct)
  • 8 months
  • 12 months

    • What is one of the economic benefits of breastfeeding for mothers?

  • It requires additional medical expenses
  • It increases the cost of formula
  • It saves time, money, effort, and is economical (correct)
  • It reduces the cost of education

    • What is the recommended time for initiating breastfeeding after birth?

    <p>Within 1 hour after birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common disorder in infant feeding according to the content?

    <p>Colic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the benefits of breastfeeding for babies in terms of attachment?

    <p>It promotes attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of diarrhea in infant feeding according to the content?

    <p>Bacterial and viral infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the benefits of breastfeeding for mothers in terms of fertility?

    <p>It delays fertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended fluid for thirst in young children according to the content?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of too much fruit juice consumption in young children according to the content?

    <p>Causes diarrhea and reduces appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended age for introducing solid foods according to the content?

    <p>4 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of teas and coffee in young children according to the content?

    <p>Decreases iron absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not suitable for young children according to the content?

    <p>Soda</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a health problem that can occur in infancy according to the content?

    <p>Galactosemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common cause of feeding problems in infants?

    <p>Child has allergies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of cystic fibrosis?

    <p>Mucus produced by exocrine glands is too thick</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dietary management for cystic fibrosis?

    <p>Administer pancreatic enzyme with meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of phenylketonuria?

    <p>Genetic disorder resulting from toxic levels of phenylalanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dietary management for galactosemia?

    <p>Eliminate all milk and lactose-containing foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the daily caloric requirement for a toddler?

    <p>1,300 to 1,400 kcal/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common problem in toddlers?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dental examination schedule for toddlers?

    <p>At 2-3 years old (2y/o - 16, 3y/o - 30)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of parallel play in toddlers?

    <p>Playing alongside other children, but not interacting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended milk intake for toddlers?

    <p>16-24 oz milk/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Infant Development

    • Stands alone at 12 months
    • Achieves pincer grasp at 10th month
    • Reaches cruising stage at 12 months
    • Experiences physiologic anorexia (decrease in appetite) due to busy play
    • Weight quadruples by 2 years old
    • Toddlerhood spans from 1-3 years old
    • Daily caloric requirement: 1,300 to 1,400 kcal/day or 100 cal/kg/day
    • May exhibit temper tantrums due to autonomy vs shame and doubt
    • Parallel play, rituals, and routines are common at this stage

    Nutrition and Health

    • Cystic Fibrosis: a genetic disorder causing thick mucus production, leading to obstruction in small passageways of affected organs
    • Common problems: pancreatic enzyme deficiency, chronic lung diseases, high Na and Cl sweat concentration
    • Dietary management: administer pancreatic enzyme with meals, high CHON, high-calorie diet, vitamins A, D, E, K supplementation, and salt supplements
    • Gluten intolerance: avoiding gluten-containing foods, allowing rice, corn, meat, and dairy products

    Preschoolers (3-6 years old)

    • Larger requirements for growth, needing more protein, vitamins, and minerals
    • Accident-prone and may exhibit sibling rivalry
    • Involve parents in child care to promote autonomy

    Phenylketonuria (PKU)

    • Genetic disorder causing CNS damage from toxic levels of phenylalanine
    • Dietary management: LOFENALAC, avoiding high CHON foods, and breastmilk (which contains low phenylalanine levels)

    Galactosemia

    • Inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism due to galactose 1-phosphate uridine transferase deficiency
    • Dietary management: eliminating all milk and lactose-containing foods, including breastmilk

    Weaning and Feeding

    • Weaning: breast to bottle at 6 months, bottle to cup at 12 months
    • Feeding time:
    • 2.5 to 2.7 kg baby: every 3 hours (8 feedings)
    • 3.6 to 4 kg baby: every 4 hours (6 feedings)
    • 2 to 3 months old: 4 to 5 feedings, sleeping through the night after 10 pm feeding
    • Supplementary foods:
    • 2 months: rice water, calamansi juice
    • 4 months: first solid foods (rice cereals)
    • 5-6 months: teething foods, full diet consisting of pureed meat, egg, fruits, and vegetables

    Infant and Young Child Feeding

    • Newborn screening: EPI, IMCI, and micronutrient supplementation
    • Dental health: early child development and child health injuries are crucial
    • Breastfeeding benefits:
    • Maternal-infant bonding
    • Promotes uterine contraction and reduces thrombophlebitis
    • Reduces ovarian cancer and premenopausal breast cancer risk
    • Delays fertility and provides social and economic benefits for the mother
    • Promotes attachment and provides optimal nutrition for the baby

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of infant development milestones, including physical, cognitive, and emotional achievements from 10 months to 3 years old.

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