Infant Development: Human Growth and Development
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of primary circular reactions during the sensorimotor stage?

  • The repetition of simple actions to trigger a reaction outside one's own body (correct)
  • The exploration of the environment in a focused manner
  • The development of internal models related to relationships
  • The ability to form an attachment relationship with a parent

    • What is the term for the ability to keep a goal in mind and devise a plan to achieve it?

  • Tertiary circular reactions
  • Sensorimotor intelligence
  • Secondary circular reactions
  • Means-end behaviour (correct)

    • What is the result of mothers observing or interacting with their infants, according to the text?

  • The formation of an attachment relationship
  • The release of oxytocin in the mother (correct)
  • The release of oxytocin in the infant
  • The development of internal models related to relationships

    • What is the age by which infants create internal models related to their relationships, according to Bowlby?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the emotional tie to a parent experienced by an infant, from which the child derives security?

    <p>Attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hormone correlated with empathy, the desire for physical closeness, and physical relaxation, according to the text?

    <p>Oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of tertiary circular reactions, as described in the text?

    <p>The variation of original behaviour to achieve a desired outcome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the view that the ability and need to form an attachment relationship early in life is a universal characteristic of human beings?

    <p>Attachment theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate age range of infancy?

    <p>From birth to 2 years of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of understanding newborn reflexes?

    <p>To inform interventions and assessments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the most developed part of the brain at birth?

    <p>Regulation of vital functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, what is the primary mechanism of cognitive development in infancy?

    <p>Assimilation and accommodation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary significance of attachment in infancy?

    <p>It has a lasting impact on human life span development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of eliminating extra neurons or unused neuronal pathways to increase efficiency?

    <p>Synaptic Pruning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of the brain to reorganize its neural structures and functioning in response to experiences?

    <p>Neuroplasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between various attachment qualities?

    <p>Their level of security and stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of covering individual axons with myelin to improve nerve conductivity?

    <p>Myelinization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Chapter 6 in the Boyd et al. (2021) textbook?

    <p>Attachment and its significance in infancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the least developed part of the brain at birth?

    <p>Cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the YuJa video 'Theory of Attachment'?

    <p>To provide an overview of the concept and types of attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the creation of synapses during neural development?

    <p>Synaptogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, what is the primary driver of cognitive development in infancy?

    <p>Environmental stimuli and sensory experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of synaptic pruning in neural development?

    <p>To improve the efficiency of neuronal transmissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of synapse development in infancy?

    <p>Growth of both dendrites and axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of newborn reflexes?

    <p>To ensure survival and self-protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of understanding normal growth and development in infancy?

    <p>It informs interventions and assessments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of standardized developmental milestones in infancy?

    <p>They allow for early identification of developmental delays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the process of myelinization occur most rapidly?

    <p>In the first two years of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During what period does the human experience unparalleled growth?

    <p>The first year of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary significance of attachment in human development?

    <p>It provides a sense of security and trust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential challenge of having standardized developmental milestones in infancy?

    <p>They are too broad and do not account for individual differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the environment in cognitive development, according to Piaget's theory?

    <p>It interacts with the child's developing neurological system to shape cognitive development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is linked to stimulatory contact and joint attention to objects in fathers when interacting with babies?

    <p>Vasopressin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do infants use to help them figure out what to do in novel situations?

    <p>Cues from the facial expressions and emotional tone of voice used by their attachment figures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hallmark of the second aspect of identity?

    <p>Self-awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of attachment found in every country?

    <p>Secure attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of defining the self through categorization?

    <p>Categorical self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the anxiety infants experience when they are about to be examined by a healthcare provider?

    <p>Stranger anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the anxiety infants experience when they are separated from their caregivers?

    <p>Separation anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of social referencing in infancy?

    <p>To help infants figure out what to do in novel situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

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