Infant Development: Human Growth and Development

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What is the primary characteristic of primary circular reactions during the sensorimotor stage?

The repetition of simple actions to trigger a reaction outside one's own body (correct)

The exploration of the environment in a focused manner

The development of internal models related to relationships

The ability to form an attachment relationship with a parent

What is the term for the ability to keep a goal in mind and devise a plan to achieve it?

Tertiary circular reactions

Sensorimotor intelligence

Secondary circular reactions

Means-end behaviour (correct)

What is the result of mothers observing or interacting with their infants, according to the text?

The formation of an attachment relationship

The release of oxytocin in the mother (correct)

The release of oxytocin in the infant

The development of internal models related to relationships

What is the age by which infants create internal models related to their relationships, according to Bowlby?

5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the emotional tie to a parent experienced by an infant, from which the child derives security?

Attachment Signup and view all the answers

What is the hormone correlated with empathy, the desire for physical closeness, and physical relaxation, according to the text?

Oxytocin Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of tertiary circular reactions, as described in the text?

The variation of original behaviour to achieve a desired outcome Signup and view all the answers

What is the view that the ability and need to form an attachment relationship early in life is a universal characteristic of human beings?

Attachment theory Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate age range of infancy?

From birth to 2 years of age Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of understanding newborn reflexes?

To inform interventions and assessments Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the most developed part of the brain at birth?

Regulation of vital functions Signup and view all the answers

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, what is the primary mechanism of cognitive development in infancy?

Assimilation and accommodation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary significance of attachment in infancy?

It has a lasting impact on human life span development Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of eliminating extra neurons or unused neuronal pathways to increase efficiency?

Synaptic Pruning Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of the brain to reorganize its neural structures and functioning in response to experiences?

Neuroplasticity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between various attachment qualities?

Their level of security and stability Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of covering individual axons with myelin to improve nerve conductivity?

Myelinization Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Chapter 6 in the Boyd et al. (2021) textbook?

Attachment and its significance in infancy Signup and view all the answers

What is the least developed part of the brain at birth?

Cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the YuJa video 'Theory of Attachment'?

To provide an overview of the concept and types of attachment Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the creation of synapses during neural development?

Synaptogenesis Signup and view all the answers

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, what is the primary driver of cognitive development in infancy?

Environmental stimuli and sensory experiences Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of synaptic pruning in neural development?

To improve the efficiency of neuronal transmissions Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of synapse development in infancy?

Growth of both dendrites and axons Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of newborn reflexes?

To ensure survival and self-protection Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of understanding normal growth and development in infancy?

It informs interventions and assessments Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of standardized developmental milestones in infancy?

They allow for early identification of developmental delays Signup and view all the answers

When does the process of myelinization occur most rapidly?

In the first two years of life Signup and view all the answers

During what period does the human experience unparalleled growth?

The first year of life Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary significance of attachment in human development?

It provides a sense of security and trust Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential challenge of having standardized developmental milestones in infancy?

They are too broad and do not account for individual differences Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the environment in cognitive development, according to Piaget's theory?

It interacts with the child's developing neurological system to shape cognitive development Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is linked to stimulatory contact and joint attention to objects in fathers when interacting with babies?

Vasopressin Signup and view all the answers

What do infants use to help them figure out what to do in novel situations?

Cues from the facial expressions and emotional tone of voice used by their attachment figures Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark of the second aspect of identity?

Self-awareness Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of attachment found in every country?

Secure attachment Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of defining the self through categorization?

Categorical self Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the anxiety infants experience when they are about to be examined by a healthcare provider?

Stranger anxiety Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the anxiety infants experience when they are separated from their caregivers?

Separation anxiety Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of social referencing in infancy?

To help infants figure out what to do in novel situations Signup and view all the answers