Infant Development: Human Growth and Development

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of primary circular reactions during the sensorimotor stage?

  • The repetition of simple actions to trigger a reaction outside one's own body (correct)
  • The exploration of the environment in a focused manner
  • The development of internal models related to relationships
  • The ability to form an attachment relationship with a parent

What is the term for the ability to keep a goal in mind and devise a plan to achieve it?

  • Tertiary circular reactions
  • Sensorimotor intelligence
  • Secondary circular reactions
  • Means-end behaviour (correct)

What is the result of mothers observing or interacting with their infants, according to the text?

  • The formation of an attachment relationship
  • The release of oxytocin in the mother (correct)
  • The release of oxytocin in the infant
  • The development of internal models related to relationships

What is the age by which infants create internal models related to their relationships, according to Bowlby?

<p>5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the emotional tie to a parent experienced by an infant, from which the child derives security?

<p>Attachment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hormone correlated with empathy, the desire for physical closeness, and physical relaxation, according to the text?

<p>Oxytocin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of tertiary circular reactions, as described in the text?

<p>The variation of original behaviour to achieve a desired outcome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the view that the ability and need to form an attachment relationship early in life is a universal characteristic of human beings?

<p>Attachment theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate age range of infancy?

<p>From birth to 2 years of age (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of understanding newborn reflexes?

<p>To inform interventions and assessments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the most developed part of the brain at birth?

<p>Regulation of vital functions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, what is the primary mechanism of cognitive development in infancy?

<p>Assimilation and accommodation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary significance of attachment in infancy?

<p>It has a lasting impact on human life span development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of eliminating extra neurons or unused neuronal pathways to increase efficiency?

<p>Synaptic Pruning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of the brain to reorganize its neural structures and functioning in response to experiences?

<p>Neuroplasticity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between various attachment qualities?

<p>Their level of security and stability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of covering individual axons with myelin to improve nerve conductivity?

<p>Myelinization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Chapter 6 in the Boyd et al. (2021) textbook?

<p>Attachment and its significance in infancy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the least developed part of the brain at birth?

<p>Cortex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the YuJa video 'Theory of Attachment'?

<p>To provide an overview of the concept and types of attachment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the creation of synapses during neural development?

<p>Synaptogenesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, what is the primary driver of cognitive development in infancy?

<p>Environmental stimuli and sensory experiences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of synaptic pruning in neural development?

<p>To improve the efficiency of neuronal transmissions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of synapse development in infancy?

<p>Growth of both dendrites and axons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of newborn reflexes?

<p>To ensure survival and self-protection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of understanding normal growth and development in infancy?

<p>It informs interventions and assessments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of standardized developmental milestones in infancy?

<p>They allow for early identification of developmental delays (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does the process of myelinization occur most rapidly?

<p>In the first two years of life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During what period does the human experience unparalleled growth?

<p>The first year of life (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary significance of attachment in human development?

<p>It provides a sense of security and trust (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential challenge of having standardized developmental milestones in infancy?

<p>They are too broad and do not account for individual differences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the environment in cognitive development, according to Piaget's theory?

<p>It interacts with the child's developing neurological system to shape cognitive development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is linked to stimulatory contact and joint attention to objects in fathers when interacting with babies?

<p>Vasopressin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do infants use to help them figure out what to do in novel situations?

<p>Cues from the facial expressions and emotional tone of voice used by their attachment figures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark of the second aspect of identity?

<p>Self-awareness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of attachment found in every country?

<p>Secure attachment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of defining the self through categorization?

<p>Categorical self (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the anxiety infants experience when they are about to be examined by a healthcare provider?

<p>Stranger anxiety (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the anxiety infants experience when they are separated from their caregivers?

<p>Separation anxiety (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of social referencing in infancy?

<p>To help infants figure out what to do in novel situations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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