Infant Care and Neurological Health
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Questions and Answers

Water accounts for __________ to _________% of an infant's total weight.

70 to 75%

What temperature is appropriate for the water used to bathe an infant?

100 to 105

What cranial nerve is affected in Bell's Palsy?

#7, facial nerve

Give three eye interventions for the client with Bell's Palsy.

<p>Dark glasses, artificial tears, cover eye at night</p> Signup and view all the answers

The man with BPH has a _________-stream of urine.

<p>forked</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most radical prostate surgery is the ____________ prostatectomy.

<p>Perineal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the acid ash diet designed to do?

<p>Decrease pH (makes urine acid)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drug is used to treat bladder spasm?

<p>B&amp;O suppositories (Belladonna &amp; Opiates)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you see an increase in blood content of urine coming out of the catheter, you would first __________.

<p>Pull carefully on the catheter to apply local pressure on the prostate with the Foley balloon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often should the drainage bag be emptied?

<p>Every 8 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name foods that make acid urine.

<p>Cranberry juice, apple juice</p> Signup and view all the answers

Increased intracranial pressure will _________ the pulse pressure.

<p>Increase or Widen</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a unit of blood is infused through a central line it must be__________.

<p>Warmed</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are signs of transfusion reaction? (Select all that apply)

<p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of a hemolytic transfusion reaction?

<p>Shivering, HA, low back pain, increased pulse &amp; respirations, decreasing BP, oliguria, hematuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of a febrile transfusion reaction?

<p>Low back pain, shaking, HA, increasing temperature, confusion, hemoptysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction to a transfusion?

<p>Hives- urticaria, wheezing, pruritus, joint pain, arthralgia</p> Signup and view all the answers

When are hemolytic transfusion reactions likely to occur?

<p>In the first 10 to 15 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is a febrile reaction likely to occur?

<p>Within 30 minutes of beginning the transfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would you do if the client had an increasing temperature and was to get blood?

<p>Call the MD because blood is often held with an elevated temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long should it take for one unit of blood to infuse?

<p>From one hour to three hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the routine for vital sign measurement with a transfusion?

<p>Once before administration, Q15 x 2 after administration is begun, Q1 x1 after transfusion has stopped</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two nutrients is breast milk lower in?

<p>Fluoride and iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for Buerger's disease?

<p>Thromboangiitis obliterans</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which extremities are affected by Buerger's disease?

<p>Lower only</p> Signup and view all the answers

The group with the highest incidence of Buerger's disease is __________.

<p>Smokers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Upon walking, the patient with Buerger's experiences _______ _________.

<p>Intermittent Claudication</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the only IM given to a burn patient?

<p>Tetanus toxoid if they had a previous immunization; tetanus antitoxin if they have never been immunized before (or immune globulin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the emergent phase do you cover burns? (in the field)

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does the fluid mobilization or diuretic phase of a burn last?

<p>2 to 5 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is there a higher or lower incidence of fetal death with Abruptio Placenta compared to Placenta Previa?

<p>Higher</p> Signup and view all the answers

Children at highest risk for seizure activity after ingestion are those who have swallowed _____________ and ______________.

<p>drugs, insecticides</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name three drugs given for acne.

<p>Vitamin A, Antibiotics, Retinoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

Accutane (isotretinoin) is an analog of which vitamin?

<p>Vitamin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common side effect of isotretinoin and what is most important in health teaching in administration?

<p>Inflammation of the lips; Causes birth defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the antibiotic most commonly given to clients with acne?

<p>Tetracycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long will it take for the person to see results when acne is being treated?

<p>4 to 6 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

What instructions do you give to a client taking tetracycline?

<p>Take it on an empty stomach and avoid the sunlight (photosensitivity)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The AIDS virus invades helper ____________.

<p>T-lymphocytes (or CD4 cells)</p> Signup and view all the answers

HIV is present in all body fluids?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first test for HIV antibodies?

<p>ELISA</p> Signup and view all the answers

What test confirms the ELISA?

<p>Western Blot</p> Signup and view all the answers

A CD4 count of under __________ is associated with the onset of AIDS-related symptoms.

<p>500</p> Signup and view all the answers

A CD4 count of under _______ is associated with the onset of opportunistic infections.

<p>200</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give six symptoms of HIV disease.

<p>Anorexia, fatigue, weakness, night sweats, fever, diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two classes of drugs are given in combination for HIV sero-positivity?

<p>NRTI's (nucleoside reverse transcriptease inhibitors) and PI's (protease inhibitors)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do NRTI's and PI's do?

<p>They prevent viral replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the physician hope to achieve with NRTI's and PI's for HIV?

<p>A delayed onset of AIDS for as long as possible (usually can delay onset for 10-15 years)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common NRTI used?

<p>AZT (zidovudine)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most challenging aspect of combination drug therapy for HIV disease?

<p>The number of pills that must be taken in 24 hours can be overwhelming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lab findings are present in AIDS?

<p>Decreased RBC's, WBC's and platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important intervention in treating AGN?

<p>Bedrest - they can walk if hematuria, edema, and hypertension are gone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common dietary restriction for AGN?

<p>Moderate sodium restriction. Fluid restriction is #2 if edema is severe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the urinalysis findings in AGN?

<p>Hematuria, Proteinuria +3 to +4, Specific gravity Up</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you assess fluid excess in the child with AGN?

<p>Daily weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the kidney in AGN?

<p>It becomes clogged with antigen-antibody complexes which then cause inflammation and loss of function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the first signs of AGN?

<p>Puffiness of face, dark urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will prevent hip flexion contracture after AKA?

<p>Lying prone several times a day</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long should the stump be elevated to prevent post-op swelling?

<p>12-24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often should a stump be washed?

<p>daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a stump is wrapped, the bandage should be tightest _____________ and loosest _____________.

<p>distally (far from the center), proximally (nearest to the point)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What artery is widened in a thoracic aneurysm?

<p>the aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

An aneurysm can result from an _____________ and from ____________.

<p>infection, syphilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

An aneurysm will most affect which of the following, the blood pressure or the pulse?

<p>the pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

What class of drugs is the client with an aneurysm most likely to be on?

<p>Antihypertensives</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is there anything that can be done for the client with a ruptured aneurysm before they get to the operating room?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The post-op abdominal aneurysm repair client is most likely to have which type of tube?

<p>NG tube for decompression of bowel</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the pain of angina pectoris.

<p>Crushing substernal chest pain that may radiate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the top 2 side effects of nitro?

<p>headache and hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

The diagnosis is made when there is a weight loss of _______% or more of body weight.

<p>15</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pulse rate of anorexics is tachycardic or bradycardic?

<p>Bradycardic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the APGAR scale?

<p>quick objective way to evaluate the vital functions of the newborn</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the 5 criteria that are recorded on an APGAR scale.

<p>Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

On heart rate or cardiac status, a 2 means that the HR is above _______ BPM.

<p>100</p> Signup and view all the answers

In order to score a 0 on HR, the infant must have a rate of _________.

<p>Zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

A high score of 2 is given for respiratory effort if the newborn_____________.

<p>Cries vigorously</p> Signup and view all the answers

An infant is given a score of 1 if their respirations are _______ or ________.

<p>Slow or irregular</p> Signup and view all the answers

An infant is given a score of 0 for respiratory effort if __________.

<p>They do not breathe</p> Signup and view all the answers

In order to get a score of 2 on muscle tone, the infant must_________________.

<p>Move spontaneously (actively)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To get a score of 1 on the APGAR for muscle tone, the newborn must place their extremities in _______________.

<p>Flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

A newborn receives a score of 0 on muscle tone when there is__________.

<p>No movement (limp)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To score the maximum of 2 points on neuromuscular reflex irritability, the infant must ______________.

<p>Cry</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the neonate ____________, they will score a 1 on neuromuscular irritability.

<p>Grimaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

To receive a 0 on reflex (neuromuscular) irritability, the neonate must exhibit _______.

<p>No response</p> Signup and view all the answers

To score a maximum score of 2 on color, the child must be __________.

<p>Totally pink</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the child's _______ are ______ and the trunk-face abdomen are ________, the child scores 1 on color.

<p>Extremities are blue (cyanotic), Pink</p> Signup and view all the answers

To get a 0 on color, the infant is ____________.

<p>Totally blue, pale</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is acrocyanosis?

<p>Temporary cyanotic condition, usually in newborns resulting in a bluish color around the lips, hands and fingernails, feet and toenails.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Appendicitis occurs most in what age group?

<p>15 to 35</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common complication of appendicitis?

<p>Peritonitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first sign of appendicitis?

<p>right upper quadrant pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

What follows the RUQ abdominal pain of appendicitis?

<p>N/V</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the pain of appendicitis finally end up?

<p>RLQ</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the RLQ abdominal pain where appendicitis pain finally localizes?

<p>McBurney's point</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is present when rebound tenderness is present?

<p>Peritoneal inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest temperature reported in appendicitis?

<p>102 F</p> Signup and view all the answers

What blood count is elevated in appendicitis?

<p>WBC</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Infant Care

  • Water constitutes 70 to 75% of an infant's total body weight.
  • Ideal bathing temperature for infants is 100 to 105°F.

Neurological Conditions

  • Bell's Palsy affects cranial nerve #7 (facial nerve).
  • Effective interventions for Bell's Palsy include using dark glasses, artificial tears, and covering the eye at night.

Urinary Health

  • In cases of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), urine may come out in a forked stream.
  • The most radical surgery for prostate issues is a perineal prostatectomy.

Diet and Nutrition

  • Acid Ash diet aims to lower urine pH, including foods like cheese, eggs, meat, fish, and cranberries.
  • Foods that acidify urine include cranberry juice and apple juice; avoid citrus juices.

Transfusion Reactions

  • Signs of transfusion reactions can include low back pain, fever, hives, and wheezing.
  • Hemolytic transfusion reactions typically occur within the first 10 to 15 minutes.
  • Essential procedures include measuring vital signs before, during, and after transfusions.

Pediatric Seizures

  • Children are at higher seizure risk after ingesting drugs and insecticides.

Acne Treatment

  • Common drugs for acne include Vitamin A, antibiotics, and retinoids.
  • Isotretinoin (Accutane), an analog of Vitamin A, may cause lip inflammation and has birth defect risks.
  • Tetracycline is a frequently prescribed antibiotic for acne.

HIV/AIDS

  • HIV targets T-lymphocytes (CD4 cells) and is present in blood, semen, and breast milk.
  • The initial HIV antibody test is ELISA; confirmation is through Western Blot.
  • A CD4 count of under 200 indicates risk for opportunistic infections.

Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN)

  • Critical intervention for AGN includes bed rest; sodium and fluid restrictions may be necessary.
  • Urinalysis findings typically show hematuria and significant protein levels.

Amputation Care

  • After an above-knee amputation (AKA), patients should lie prone to prevent hip flexion contractures.
  • The stump should be elevated for 12-24 hours post-operatively and washed daily.

Aneurysms

  • The aorta is the primary artery involved in thoracic aneurysms, often managed with antihypertensive medications.

Angina Pectoris

  • Describes as crushing substernal chest pain potentially radiating to other areas.
  • Nitro may cause headaches and hypotension as common side effects.

Newborn Assessment

  • The APGAR scale assesses newborns based on appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration.
  • A score of 2 requires vigorous crying, while a score of 0 indicates no breathing or limp muscle tone.

Appendicitis

  • Most prevalent in ages 15 to 35, appendicitis commonly leads to peritonitis.
  • Initial symptom includes right upper quadrant pain, later moving to the right lower quadrant at McBurney's point.

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Description

Test your knowledge on infant care, neurological conditions, diet, and urinary health. This quiz covers essential topics including proper bathing temperatures for infants and the effects of Bell's Palsy. Additionally, review dietary approaches towards urine pH and recognize transfusion reactions.

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