Podcast
Questions and Answers
A child consistently unable to maintain head control when pulled to a sitting position at five months old would be demonstrating a delay in which motor skill category?
A child consistently unable to maintain head control when pulled to a sitting position at five months old would be demonstrating a delay in which motor skill category?
- Cognitive development
- Fine motor skills
- Social-emotional development
- Gross motor skills (correct)
Which of the following sequences represents the typical progression of mobility skills in infants, assuming typical motor development?
Which of the following sequences represents the typical progression of mobility skills in infants, assuming typical motor development?
- Rolling → Crawling on hands and knees → Commando crawling
- Rolling → Commando crawling → Crawling on hands and knees (correct)
- Commando crawling → Crawling on hands and knees → Rolling
- Crawling on hands and knees → Rolling → Commando crawling
A 14-month-old child is observed to walk independently but frequently loses balance and falls. Which of the following is the MOST likely explanation for this observation?
A 14-month-old child is observed to walk independently but frequently loses balance and falls. Which of the following is the MOST likely explanation for this observation?
- The child is exhibiting typical motor development for their age.
- The child has a visual impairment affecting their balance.
- The child is still developing balance and coordination for independent walking. (correct)
- The child is advanced in their motor skills and is ready for more challenging activities.
A parent is concerned that their 30-month-old (2.5 year old) child is not yet able to climb stairs alternating feet. What is the typical developmental expectation regarding this skill?
A parent is concerned that their 30-month-old (2.5 year old) child is not yet able to climb stairs alternating feet. What is the typical developmental expectation regarding this skill?
A 4-year-old child consistently struggles to throw a ball overhand with any accuracy. Which of the following activities would BEST support the development of this skill?
A 4-year-old child consistently struggles to throw a ball overhand with any accuracy. Which of the following activities would BEST support the development of this skill?
Which of the following scenarios BEST illustrates a 5-year-old child demonstrating age-appropriate gross motor skills?
Which of the following scenarios BEST illustrates a 5-year-old child demonstrating age-appropriate gross motor skills?
A child who consistently uses only one side of their body to move, such as always rolling to the right but not the left, at 6 months old may be exhibiting:
A child who consistently uses only one side of their body to move, such as always rolling to the right but not the left, at 6 months old may be exhibiting:
At what age is a child expected to begin demonstrating the ability to run smoothly and change direction without significant difficulty?
At what age is a child expected to begin demonstrating the ability to run smoothly and change direction without significant difficulty?
Which of the following activities would be MOST challenging for a typically developing 2-year-old?
Which of the following activities would be MOST challenging for a typically developing 2-year-old?
What is the most appropriate way to encourage the development of gross motor skills in a toddler?
What is the most appropriate way to encourage the development of gross motor skills in a toddler?
Flashcards
0-2 Month Milestones
0-2 Month Milestones
Briefly lifts head while on tummy, turns head on back, moves arms/legs equally.
3-4 Month Milestones
3-4 Month Milestones
Improved head control, pushes up on forearms, rolls from tummy to back.
5-6 Month Milestones
5-6 Month Milestones
Rolls both ways, sits with/without support, pushes up on extended arms.
7-9 Month Milestones
7-9 Month Milestones
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10-12 Month Milestones
10-12 Month Milestones
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13-15 Month Milestones
13-15 Month Milestones
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16-18 Month Milestones
16-18 Month Milestones
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2 Year Milestones
2 Year Milestones
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2.5-3 Year Milestones
2.5-3 Year Milestones
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3.5-4 Year Milestones
3.5-4 Year Milestones
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Study Notes
- Infant and childhood gross motor skills development occurs in a chronological order.
- Milestones are based on typical development.
0 - 2 Months
- Briefly lifts head while on tummy
- Turns head to both sides while on back
- Kicks both legs and moves arms equally
3 - 4 Months
- Improved head control when raising to sit
- Pushes up on forearms and turns head from side to side while on tummy
- Rolls from tummy to back (prone to supine)
5 - 6 Months
- Rolls both ways (back to front and front to back)
- Sits with support, then independently
- Pushes up on extended arms when on tummy
7 - 9 Months
- Begins to commando crawl (belly crawling)
- Moves from lying to sitting independently
- Rocks on hands and knees, preparing for crawling
10 - 12 Months
- Crawls on hands and knees
- Pulls to stand and cruises along furniture
- May take first independent steps
13 - 15 Months
- Walks independently with a wide base of support
- Begins to squat and stand back up
- Climbs stairs with support
16 - 18 Months
- Walks with improved balance and coordination
- Begins to run (stiff running style)
- Climbs onto furniture and explores uneven surfaces
2 Years
- Walks and runs more steadily
- Climbs stairs using two feet per step
- Jumps with both feet off the ground
2.5 - 3 Years
- Alternates feet when climbing stairs
- Walks backwards and sideways
- Catches a large ball with arms extended
- Kicks a stationary ball
3.5 - 4 Years
- Runs smoothly and changes direction
- Stands on one foot for a few seconds
- Throws a ball overhand
- Pedals a tricycle
4.5 - 5 Years
- Hops on one foot multiple times
- Skips with a rhythmical pattern
- Catches a ball with hands instead of trapping against the body
- Walks along a straight line with balance
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