Podcast
Questions and Answers
What underlying themes are present in the early works discussed?
What underlying themes are present in the early works discussed?
Which writing style is used by Pak Mog-wŏl in his poetry?
Which writing style is used by Pak Mog-wŏl in his poetry?
What is the symbolism of the 'Flag' mentioned in the content?
What is the symbolism of the 'Flag' mentioned in the content?
Which aspect of Korea’s history is reflected in the writings of the authors mentioned?
Which aspect of Korea’s history is reflected in the writings of the authors mentioned?
Signup and view all the answers
What conflict is notably discussed in the works 'With the Infantrymen' and 'Burying Songs of Fire'?
What conflict is notably discussed in the works 'With the Infantrymen' and 'Burying Songs of Fire'?
Signup and view all the answers
What was a significant influence on the literature of the 1950s following the Korean War?
What was a significant influence on the literature of the 1950s following the Korean War?
Signup and view all the answers
Which theme was expanded in Korean fiction after the initial reactions to war and division?
Which theme was expanded in Korean fiction after the initial reactions to war and division?
Signup and view all the answers
What was one of the results of the Yusin reforms initiated in 1972?
What was one of the results of the Yusin reforms initiated in 1972?
Signup and view all the answers
The 'miracle on the Han River' is associated with which of the following?
The 'miracle on the Han River' is associated with which of the following?
Signup and view all the answers
What event in 1980 intensified the demand for democracy in South Korea?
What event in 1980 intensified the demand for democracy in South Korea?
Signup and view all the answers
What was one of the major outcomes of the political shifts during the late 1980s in South Korea?
What was one of the major outcomes of the political shifts during the late 1980s in South Korea?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor contributed to the growing gap between rich and poor during the period of industrialization from 1970 to 1990?
Which factor contributed to the growing gap between rich and poor during the period of industrialization from 1970 to 1990?
Signup and view all the answers
Which movement emerged in South Korea during the period from 1970 to 1990, particularly among the youth?
Which movement emerged in South Korea during the period from 1970 to 1990, particularly among the youth?
Signup and view all the answers
Which directors are highlighted for their contribution to the success of Korean cinema?
Which directors are highlighted for their contribution to the success of Korean cinema?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of the market share do domestic films hold in Korea?
What percentage of the market share do domestic films hold in Korea?
Signup and view all the answers
Which element does Korean cinema critique in relation to its national identity?
Which element does Korean cinema critique in relation to its national identity?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary impact of digital platforms on cinema mentioned?
What is the primary impact of digital platforms on cinema mentioned?
Signup and view all the answers
In what year did Korean movie admissions reach a record 212 million?
In what year did Korean movie admissions reach a record 212 million?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the dual influence of Korean cinema?
Which of the following best describes the dual influence of Korean cinema?
Signup and view all the answers
Which Asian country traditionally led the Asian movie market before the rise of Korean films?
Which Asian country traditionally led the Asian movie market before the rise of Korean films?
Signup and view all the answers
What themes do directors like Kim Ki-duk and Hong Sang-soo explore in their films?
What themes do directors like Kim Ki-duk and Hong Sang-soo explore in their films?
Signup and view all the answers
What approach is being adopted by Korean cinema to reach global audiences?
What approach is being adopted by Korean cinema to reach global audiences?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential risk of targeting foreign markets for Korean films?
What is a potential risk of targeting foreign markets for Korean films?
Signup and view all the answers
How have genre films influenced Korean cinema in the OTT market?
How have genre films influenced Korean cinema in the OTT market?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following films is an example of a Korean-directed, Chinese-language film?
Which of the following films is an example of a Korean-directed, Chinese-language film?
Signup and view all the answers
What major challenge does Korean cinema face as it localizes content for foreign markets?
What major challenge does Korean cinema face as it localizes content for foreign markets?
Signup and view all the answers
What trend is observed in international film festivals regarding Korean movies?
What trend is observed in international film festivals regarding Korean movies?
Signup and view all the answers
What strategy has been increasingly targeted by Korean cinema to broaden its audience?
What strategy has been increasingly targeted by Korean cinema to broaden its audience?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a genre mentioned in the context of Korean movies released in 2022?
Which of the following is NOT a genre mentioned in the context of Korean movies released in 2022?
Signup and view all the answers
What concept reflects the transformation of Korea's religious landscape in the context of increased religious self-identification from 1940 to the mid-1990s?
What concept reflects the transformation of Korea's religious landscape in the context of increased religious self-identification from 1940 to the mid-1990s?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following key elements from Christianity reshaped Korean religious culture?
Which of the following key elements from Christianity reshaped Korean religious culture?
Signup and view all the answers
By 2011, what was the increase in the number of religious leaders in Korea from 1962?
By 2011, what was the increase in the number of religious leaders in Korea from 1962?
Signup and view all the answers
What role did urbanization play in the shift of communities in Korea during the 1960s to 2005?
What role did urbanization play in the shift of communities in Korea during the 1960s to 2005?
Signup and view all the answers
Which religious group saw the largest growth in the number of worship spaces from 1962 to 2011?
Which religious group saw the largest growth in the number of worship spaces from 1962 to 2011?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of the population in Korea was urban by 2005?
What percentage of the population in Korea was urban by 2005?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the rapid growth of religious buildings and clergy in Korea indicate about societal changes?
What did the rapid growth of religious buildings and clergy in Korea indicate about societal changes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which century marked the beginning of Buddhism's historical competition with Catholicism and Protestantism?
Which century marked the beginning of Buddhism's historical competition with Catholicism and Protestantism?
Signup and view all the answers
What major shift occurred in Korean society during the 20th century?
What major shift occurred in Korean society during the 20th century?
Signup and view all the answers
Which work is recognized as the first modern Korean novel?
Which work is recognized as the first modern Korean novel?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Yi Kwangsu advocate for in modern literature?
What did Yi Kwangsu advocate for in modern literature?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a distinguishing characteristic of Kim Tong-In's literary style?
What is a distinguishing characteristic of Kim Tong-In's literary style?
Signup and view all the answers
What theme is prevalent in Kim Sowol's poetry?
What theme is prevalent in Kim Sowol's poetry?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of the poem 'Azaleas' by Kim Sowol?
What is the significance of the poem 'Azaleas' by Kim Sowol?
Signup and view all the answers
How did colonial rule in Korea affect literature during the 20th century?
How did colonial rule in Korea affect literature during the 20th century?
Signup and view all the answers
In what way did Han Yong-un’s poetry reflect his experiences?
In what way did Han Yong-un’s poetry reflect his experiences?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Yeom Sangsop's literary work primarily emphasize?
What does Yeom Sangsop's literary work primarily emphasize?
Signup and view all the answers
Which author is known as a master satirist during Korea's colonial period?
Which author is known as a master satirist during Korea's colonial period?
Signup and view all the answers
What was a common theme in the works of rural writers like Kim Yujong?
What was a common theme in the works of rural writers like Kim Yujong?
Signup and view all the answers
What literary period does the emergence of modern Korean literature belong to?
What literary period does the emergence of modern Korean literature belong to?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the term 'cultural nationalism' refer to in the context of Korean literature?
What does the term 'cultural nationalism' refer to in the context of Korean literature?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Inequality and Gender Issues (Male/Female/LGBTQ)
- Worst level of polarization and economic inequality among OECD countries
- Deficient public social spending (12.2% GDP)
- Rapid growth of the aging population
- Financial weakness revealed through the pension system (0.6 trillion won)
Income Inequality
- Gini coefficient (0-1) measures statistical dispersion of income/wealth/consumption inequality, based on the Lorenz curve.
- Korea's Gini coefficient is around 0.333-0.35.
Poverty Rate
- Ratio of people with incomes below the poverty line in a given age group.
- Child poverty (0-17), working-age poverty, and elderly poverty (66+)
- Countries with similar poverty rates can differ in terms of the relative income level of the poor due to varying living costs.
- Korea's child poverty rate has decreased, from 18.6% in 2011 to 15.1% in 2021.
Gender
- Increasing proportion of females passing the highest civil service and public administration examination (10.4% in 1995 to 48.2% in 2015)
- 2014: 21.4% of judges, 26.8% of prosecutors were women
- 2013: Reforms abolished the head-of-family system.
- Social barriers include a modernized male-superiority and patriarchal system, inherited wealth, and social polarization.
- Pandemic-related gender inequality: increased suicide rate for females, increase in unpaid domestic chores, loss of job and sexual violence. - 4.9% decrease in domestic violence during 2020.
- Women's participation in the labor market: 19% in parliament in 2021 (15th / 191st in 2022).
House Chores Before/After COVID-19
- Females: 225 minutes per day before COVID-19, 20 hours per week increase in housework after COVID-19.
- Males: 64 minutes per day before COVID-19, 2 hours per week increase in housework after COVID-19.
Covid-19 Impact On Women
- Covid-19 has worsened gender inequality in terms of health (longer waiting time for medical treatment), economics, and violence.
Experiences of Retirement During Covid-19
- Majority of Koreans want to retire influenced by family/spouse during COVID-19.
- Female participants were more likely than males to express experience of being pushed to retire by spouse/family.
Korean Women in Labor Market
- Ranked 115th out of 149 countries in global gender gaps.
- Second lowest ranking in East Asia and Pacific region.
- Highest gender pay gap among OECD countries.
- Female employment rate lower than male's (56.1% vs 75.9%)
- Lower proportion of women in legislator, senior official and managing roles than the general gender gap index.
Intolerance for Homosexuality
- Majority of gay Koreans fear being disowned by parents, abandoned by friends, and face discrimination in the workplace.
- Lesbians often face greater difficulties.
- Confucianism emphasizes marriage and children for family continuity.
Namsadang (남사당)
- Groups of itinerant male performers in Korea.
- Popular despite being from the lowest social class.
- Example is the 2005 film "The King and the Clown."
Korean Literature
- Rise of modern literature: a shift from Choson dynasty to modern society, resisting modernization from traditionalists and foreign pressures (Chinese, Russian, and Japanese).
- Development of Modern Korean Literature: Emergence of Korean script and newspapers (late 19th c).
- Modern literature reflected new perceptions of individuality and social change.
Americanization
- Cold War as a modernization period
- Transplanted American capitalist modernity as a package
- Reconstruction after war focused on national development but critically damaging indigenous values.
- Military-led state (state order) orchestrated rapid industrialization.
- Modernization in Korea prioritized social stability over social revolution.
- Late development/dependent modernization was perceived to be advantageous because of foreign connections, but local realities of backwardness were addressed.
Democracy Movement
- April Revolution (1960) led to major protests and the government's forceful response.
- 1972, 7th Constitution Amendments: Unconstitutional due to martial law.
- 1979: Military coup led by army general Chun Doo-Hwan and Roh Tae-woo.
- 1980's: Large-scale democratic movement. Gwangju Uprising.
Industrial Complexes
- Specialized industrial complexes.
- Synergistic effects among related industries.
- Increased exports and employment.
- Free exchange of technology.
- Factories receive benefits such as low bank loans and exemptions from corporate income tax.
High Education
- Fostering a skilled labor force supporting rapid industrialization.
- preparing students to meet the needs of the industrial sector,
- Students' involvement in the 1972, 7th Constitution amendments.
Labor Movement
- Students, intellectuals, and workers were a main force of democratic change.
- Rise in Christian involvement in 1970s and 1980s.
- Gwangju uprising, military coup, and further struggles for democracy.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore critical issues surrounding economic inequality and gender disparities through this quiz. Delve into data such as the Gini coefficient, poverty rates, and trends in gender representation in civil service. Test your knowledge on how these factors interplay within the context of Korea.
