3.1 The growing influence of industry in AI
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According to the passage, what has been the primary factor leading to industry dominance in AI research since 2020?

  • The development of specialized hardware for deep learning training
  • The increasing availability of publicly accessible pretrained models
  • Enhanced collaboration between industry and universities in AI projects
  • Industry's focus on profit-driven AI applications (correct)

What is indicated about the relationship between industry and academia in the field of AI?

  • A clear and well-defined division of labor exists, similar to other disciplines.
  • The traditional division of labor between industry and academia is not fully present in AI. (correct)
  • Industry now dominates applied AI research, while academia continues to lead in basic research.
  • Industry has largely taken over basic research, leaving academia to focus on applied research.

What is a potential consequence of industry's primary focus on profit-oriented AI applications?

  • Increased collaboration between industry and universities in AI projects.
  • Greater emphasis on research areas that align with public interest.
  • A decrease in the use of publicly available pretrained models.
  • A decline in the quality and advancement of basic AI research. (correct)

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benchmark used to evaluate AI research?

<p>Natural Language Processing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the “Open Pretrained Transformer model by Meta” mentioned in the text?

<p>It is an example of a publicly accessible pretrained model that facilitates efficient deep-learning training. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main point of the passage?

<p>The increasing dominance of industry in AI research and potential concerns associated with this trend. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase 'division of labor' refer to?

<p>The specialization of tasks or activities among different groups or individuals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what is the situation in AI similar to what Donald E. Stokes referred to?

<p>The convergence of basic and applied research in the field of AI. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential negative consequence of the overlap between academia and industry in AI research?

<p>It can lead to a lack of focus on fundamental research. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which benchmark was utilized in the research paper by Gebru, et.al.?

<p>ImageNet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the overlap between academia and industry affect the funding of AI research?

<p>Public investment in AI research has increased due to industry support. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year was the WMT2014 benchmark introduced?

<p>2014 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year did the research paper by Wei, et.al., titled 'arXiv:2206.07682' regarding language modeling, get published?

<p>2022 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of AI PhDs are hired by industry?

<p>75% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which benchmark was used to assess the performance of the model used in the Stanford University Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence's white paper on building a national AI research resource?

<p>SST-2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor driving industry's influence on basic research in AI?

<p>Industry's ability to provide significant funding. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which benchmark was used to assess the performance of object detection models in the year 2018?

<p>COCO test-dev (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which benchmark is associated with Image classification?

<p>ImageNet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which benchmark is associated with the research paper published in 'The Washington Post' in September 2018?

<p>ImageNet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following benchmarks are specifically related to natural language processing?

<p>One Billion Word (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been indicated about the dominance of industry in AI benchmarks over the years?

<p>It has increased consistently. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year does the data begin for the observed AI market trends?

<p>2002 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organizations or authors is associated with the study on global AI market monopolies?

<p>Future of Life Institute (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which publication highlighted AI models from industry?

<p>Manage.Sci. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which year reflects a significant AI benchmark increase, according to the graph?

<p>2018 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What trend is indicated by the data for the years between 2002 and 2020 concerning AI?

<p>Consolidation of power within few companies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of institutions are highlighted for their role in the rise of AI benchmarks?

<p>Industries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key concern regarding the future of AI market dynamics?

<p>Emerging monopolies in the AI market (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the type of research that is characterized by an overlap between applied and basic research, as exemplified by pasteurization?

<p>Pasteur's Quadrant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year were 'transformers', a type of deep-learning architecture, developed?

<p>2017 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'ImageNet' used for in the context of the provided passage?

<p>Evaluating the performance of AI models on object recognition tasks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the number of model parameters and the complexity of an AI model?

<p>More parameters generally correspond to a more complex model (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the passage suggest about the role of 'transformers' in the field of AI?

<p>They were a major breakthrough in both basic and applied AI research (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the provided passage demonstrate the relationship between academic research and industry trends?

<p>It suggests an interdependent relationship where both fields influence each other (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the hiring of AI researchers in the US from the passage?

<p>Industry is increasingly hiring both AI PhDs and faculty from universities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what is the most likely reason for the increase in 'compute' used for image recognition in AI?

<p>The need for more complex models to handle increasingly challenging tasks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided information, what is the primary reason for the lack of European development of general-purpose AI systems?

<p>European companies are not developing general-purpose AI systems due to their relative competitive disadvantage compared to American and Chinese companies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which entity is mentioned as leading the research on edge models from industry, until 2017?

<p>Academia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the suggested potential solution to the lack of public alternatives to industry research in AI?

<p>Regulation through auditing or external monitoring of industry AI (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text imply about the development of general-purpose AI systems by European companies?

<p>European companies are unlikely to develop general-purpose AI systems in the near future. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the statement “Even absent public alternatives to industry research, one might imagine that regulation… could be the solution” suggest?

<p>Regulation is a potential solution to the lack of public alternatives to industry research. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the information provided?

<p>The challenges and opportunities of AI development in Europe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall tone of the information provided?

<p>Neutral (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main point of the quotation regarding European companies and AI development?

<p>European companies are behind in AI development compared to other regions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Model parameters

The specific settings or values that define how a machine learning model behaves. These parameters can influence the model's accuracy, performance, and capabilities.

General-purpose AI systems

Refers to the ability of a machine learning model to accurately predict or classify new, unseen data. It measures how well the model generalizes to new instances.

Auditing AI

The process of examining and validating the internal mechanisms and workings of a machine learning model to ensure fairness, transparency, and accountability.

Academic research benefits industry

Academic research directly benefits industry when researchers employed by industry apply their knowledge to real-world problems.

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Industry influence on AI research

Industry's strong presence in applied AI research allows them to influence the direction of fundamental research.

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Industry dominance in AI

The high number of AI PhD graduates working in industry compared to academics shows the dominance of industry in the field.

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Industry support for AI research

Industry's support for public investment in AI research is a positive outcome of the overlap between academia and industry.

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Overlap between academia and industry

The overlap between academia and industry in AI research involves both advantages and disadvantages.

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Transformers

The type of deep-learning architecture developed in 2017 by Google Brain researchers.

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Applied AI Research

The use of machine learning models in industry, often based on research advances.

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Basic AI Research

The pursuit of fundamental knowledge about AI systems and algorithms.

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Pasteur's Quadrant in AI

The phenomenon where applied and basic research in AI closely overlap and influence each other.

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ImageNet

A large-scale dataset used for image recognition tasks.

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AI Research Faculty Hired by Industry

The practice of hiring AI researchers from academia into industry.

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Industry Hiring of US AI PhDs

The increasing number of AI PhD graduates working in the industry.

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Image classification

A task in computer vision that aims to classify an image into one of several categories, such as dog, cat, or car.

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Sentiment analysis

Analyzing text to understand its sentiment or emotional tone, such as positive, negative, or neutral.

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Language modeling

Predicting the next word or sequence of words in a text based on the preceding words.

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Object detection

A computer vision task that aims to identify and locate objects in an image or video, assigning a bounding box around each object.

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Semantic segmentation

A computer vision task that aims to segment an image into different regions or semantic categories.

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Machine translation

Translating text from one language to another.

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Benchmark

A set of data that is used to evaluate the performance of a machine learning model.

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Academia-industry collaboration

A type of collaboration where researchers from academia and industry work together to develop and deploy AI technologies.

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Tensor Processing Units (TPUs)

Specialized hardware designed for efficient training of deep learning models, particularly large language models.

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Pretrained Models

AI models trained on massive datasets and open to the public for use and adaptation.

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AI Division of Labor

A division of labor in AI where industry focuses on applied research and development, while academia focuses on basic research.

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Commercial Motives in AI

The potential for industry's profit motives to influence AI research towards commercially viable but not necessarily socially beneficial areas.

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Industry-Driven Basic Research

AI models developed by industry that push the boundaries of basic research, blurring the line between applied and fundamental AI.

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Blurring the Lines in AI Research

The phenomenon where industry-driven AI research often overlaps with and advances basic research, blurring the traditional division between applied and fundamental AI.

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Market Domination

A situation where one or a few entities control a large percentage of the market, potentially leading to reduced competition and innovation.

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Industry Domination in AI Benchmarks

The rate at which a company's largest models become dominant in AI benchmarks (e.g., for image recognition or machine translation).

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Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3 (GPT-3)

A technology that combines large-scale language models and code generation techniques for tasks like writing different types of creative content, translating languages, and answering your questions in an informative way.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI)

An area of research and development focused on creating intelligent machines that can perform tasks typically requiring human intelligence, such as problem-solving, learning, and decision-making.

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AI Benchmarks

A set of carefully selected tests or tasks designed to assess the performance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. Benchmarks help compare different AI models and measure their progress.

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Industry Domination in AI

The tendency for industries to increasingly control the development and adoption of cutting-edge Artificial Intelligence (AI).

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Emerging Monopolies in AI

The trend where a small number of companies increasingly hold a large share of the global AI market.

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Future of Life Institute

A research institute dedicated to addressing the potential risks and ethical implications of advanced AI.

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Study Notes

Industry Influence in AI Research

  • Industry is increasingly dominating AI research, shifting the balance away from academia.
  • Deep learning, a data-and-compute-intensive subfield, is the leading AI technology.
  • Industry controls crucial elements of modern AI research: computing power, massive datasets, and skilled researchers.
  • Industry's prominence in AI research is evident in publications, cutting-edge models, and key benchmarks.
  • Industry access to large, valuable datasets is essential, as their business operations generate significant data, like WhatsApp's 100 billion messages per day.

Industry Dominance of AI Inputs

  • Industry excels at attracting AI talent. A significant portion of North American AI PhD graduates now are employed by industry.
  • The percentage of AI PhDs joining industry has risen dramatically, from 21% in 2004 to almost 70% in 2020. This trend is exceeding the average for all engineering fields.
  • Computer science research faculty specializing in AI are in high demand and being hired by industry in increasing numbers, an eight-fold increase since 2006.
  • Industry's computing power, especially for image classification, is vastly larger than academia's, increasing faster as well. Industry models are 29 times larger, on average, than academic ones in 2021.
  • Canada's National Advanced Research Computing Platform demonstrates that academic demand for GPUs has increased 25-fold since 2013, but industry demand is not matching supply.

Industry Funding and Research Outcomes

  • Industry investments in AI are significantly higher and growing faster than public investments.
  • Global industry spending on AI surpassed US$340 billion in 2021, drastically exceeding public sector funding.
  • Public investments (e.g., US government agencies and European Commission) in AI research are notably lower compared to industry investment.
  • Industry's growing influence in AI research is reflected in a substantial increase in research papers co-authored with industry personnel (from 22% in 2000 to 38% in 2020) and the leading percentage of largest AI models generated by industry (from 11% in 2010 to 96% in 2021).

Policy Implications and Concerns

  • Industry dominance in AI research raises concerns about the scarcity of public-interest alternatives for crucial AI tools.
  • A potential imbalance exists, where commercial interests may overshadow public good considerations in AI development.
  • The significant computing power and models created by industry have implications for academic development potentially shifting academic research focus negatively.
  • Industry’s extensive investments can create valuable tools for the entire community (like PyTorch and TensorFlow).
  • Public concern exists regarding the potential for job displacement or societal inequality due to AI.

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The Growing Influence of Industry in AI Research PDF

Description

This quiz addresses the growing dominance of industry in AI research, focusing on the shift from academia to corporate influence. It covers the significance of deep learning, industry access to datasets, and the attraction of AI talent, particularly PhD graduates. Explore how these changes are shaping the future of artificial intelligence.

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