Industrialization in Britain
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Industrialization in Britain

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Questions and Answers

What term is used to describe the phase of industrialisation before the establishment of factories?

  • Urbanisation
  • Rural industrialisation
  • Pre-industrialisation
  • Proto-industrialisation (correct)

    • Why did merchants move to the countryside during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?

  • To find new customers in rural areas
  • To bypass agricultural production
  • To avoid urban craft and trade guild restrictions (correct)
  • To establish factories more easily

    • What challenge did cottagers and poor peasants face due to the enclosing of commons?

  • They had surplus land for production
  • Access to urban markets was restricted
  • They needed to find alternative sources of income (correct)
  • They lost their only source of food

    • What was the primary reason merchants were unsuccessful in expanding production within towns?

    <p>Powerful guilds controlling production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the role of merchants during proto-industrialisation?

    <p>They supplied money and encouraged production for markets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one consequence of the increasing demand for goods during proto-industrialisation?

    <p>Expansion of world trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did rulers grant to guilds that contributed to the challenges faced by new merchants?

    <p>Monopoly rights to produce specific goods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized the economic landscape for peasants before the rise of factories?

    <p>Dependence on common lands for survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of products were primarily produced by Indian industries in the late nineteenth century?

    <p>Raw materials for export trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shift occurred in Indian industrial production by the first decade of the twentieth century?

    <p>Focus shifted from yarn to cloth production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did the First World War have on Indian mills?

    <p>They filled a gap left by declining Manchester imports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant consequence of the swadeshi movement?

    <p>Emergence of Chambers of Commerce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By what percentage did cotton piece-goods production increase between 1900 and 1912?

    <p>By 100%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one reason for the decline of Indian yarn exports to China from 1906?

    <p>Increased competition from Chinese and Japanese mills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Indian businessmen approach competition with Manchester goods in the late nineteenth century?

    <p>They avoided competing directly by changing their market focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of products did Indian factories start supplying during the war?

    <p>Essential goods like jute bags and army uniforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which industry led the way in Britain's industrialisation after the 1840s?

    <p>Iron and steel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the total workforce was employed in technologically advanced industrial sectors by the end of the nineteenth century?

    <p>Less than 20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was Britain exporting iron and steel worth about £77 million?

    <p>By 1873</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change occurred in the transport industry during the 1840s?

    <p>The number of workers doubled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major factor in the demand for iron and steel growth in Britain?

    <p>Expansion of railways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes India's position in the textile market before industrialisation?

    <p>India dominated the international market with silk and cotton goods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did technological changes have on traditional industries according to the content?

    <p>They led to slow incremental innovations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the production mode in the textiles sector during the period covered?

    <p>A significant portion was produced in domestic units.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did Armenian and Persian merchants have in the trade of Indian textiles?

    <p>They helped transport goods from Punjab to various regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common issue faced by new industrial machinery according to the content?

    <p>They often broke down and were costly to repair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened to the trading network controlled by Indian merchants by the 1750s?

    <p>It began to decline due to international competition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the change in power dynamics in the textile trade during industrialisation?

    <p>The European companies gradually gained power and monopolised trade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributed to industry leaders being cautious about using new technology?

    <p>Expensive technology and uncertain effectiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a consequence of the European companies gaining monopoly rights?

    <p>The decline of old ports like Surat and Hoogly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the supply merchants linked to the textile trade?

    <p>Merchants who linked port towns to inland regions and supported weavers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method was used to transport textiles from India to other regions before industrialisation?

    <p>Carrying bales of textiles on camel back and seaborne routes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one purpose of including images of Indian gods and goddesses on product labels?

    <p>To gain divine approval for the goods being sold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why were calendars popular as a means of advertising in the late nineteenth century?

    <p>They could be displayed in homes regardless of literacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Indian manufacturers connect their products to nationalist sentiments?

    <p>By encouraging the consumption of Indian-produced products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant cultural impact of using historic figures in advertisements?

    <p>It enhanced the perception of product quality through association</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a characteristic feature of advertisements by Indian manufacturers during the nationalist movement?

    <p>Promoting the idea of 'swadeshi' or self-reliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Age of Industrialization affect traditional manufacturing methods?

    <p>It maintained the importance of small-scale production alongside industrial growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes how royal figures were used in advertisements?

    <p>To imply product legitimacy through royal connection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did illustrations play in advertising during this period?

    <p>They effectively communicated the product's message</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Industrialization in Britain

    • Cotton dominated the first phase of industrialization until the 1840s, followed by iron and steel.
    • Expansion of railways increased the demand for iron and steel, exemplified by exports worth £77 million by 1873, outpacing cotton exports.

    Traditional vs. New Industries

    • Traditional industries struggled to be replaced by new sectors; under 20% of the workforce was in advanced industrial sectors by the late 19th century.
    • Textile production was significant; however, much happened outside factories, relying on domestic production.

    Innovation in Traditional Industries

    • Incremental innovations in traditional industries, including food processing and glasswork, spurred growth despite not being steam-driven.
    • Technological changes unfolded slowly; new technology was costly and often unreliable, leading to cautious adoption.

    Proto-Industrialization

    • Prior to factories, large-scale industrial production existed for international markets, characterized as proto-industrialization.
    • Wealthy merchants financed rural artisans, moving production outside of town guilds, which restricted urban entrepreneurship.

    Breakdown of Traditional Trade Networks

    • By the mid-18th century, Indian textile export networks, once dominated by Indian merchants, dwindled as European companies gained control and monopolized trade.
    • Traditional ports like Surat and Hoogly declined as European interests established plantations and began exporting to international markets.

    Indian Textile Industry Shift

    • Initial Indian textile industries produced coarse yarn for local weavers and exported to regions like China; however, productions were mostly impacted by British imports.
    • Nationalist movements in the early 20th century encouraged boycotts of foreign cloth and shifting focus from yarn to cloth production.

    Industrial Growth and War Impact

    • The First World War shifted market dynamics as British mills focused on war production, reducing imports and opening local markets for Indian mills.
    • Rapid establishment of factories to meet wartime demands led to increased industrial activity.

    Advertising and Nationalism

    • Advertisements carried cultural images, including deities and national figures, which aimed to culturally resonate with consumers.
    • Nationalist sentiments fueled advertising messages, urging consumers to support Indian products over foreign goods.

    Conclusion on Industrial Landscape

    • The industrial age encompassed significant technological advancements, factory growth, and the formation of a new workforce.
    • Despite the rise of factories, hand technology and small-scale production continued to play a vital role in the industrial landscape.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the dynamic industries that shaped Britain's industrial revolution, focusing on the transition from cotton to iron and steel. It examines the rapid growth of these sectors and their impact on economic development and exports during the 19th century. Test your knowledge of this transformative period in British history.

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