Industrialization and Communism in Britain

The process of using machines to produce goods on a large scale.

The invention that changed the way things were powered, leading to faster production and transportation.

An invention that increased the speed of yarn production, using water power.

The first railroad line in the world, powered by a steam engine.

The three key factors that are needed to produce goods in a country.

A political and economic system where the means of production are owned by the community, not individuals. The goal is to eliminate social classes and create an equal society.

The working class, typically employed in manual labor.

People with specialized skills and education who tend to hold positions of power and influence.

The idea that private ownership of property should be abolished, favoring collective ownership.

The domination of one country or group over another, often for economic gain.

The practice of a powerful nation extending its control over other countries, especially by settling and exploiting resources.

The period from 1837 to 1901, marked by industrial growth and the rise of imperialism in Europe.

The desire for raw materials, like rubber, oil, and tin, from Asia and Africa to fuel European industrial production.

A new form of imperialism in the 19th century, marked by direct control over territories and a focus on establishing colonies.

The idea that colonies added to a nation's prestige, military power, and national identity.

The importance of military bases in colonies for refueling and supplying warships, showing the link between naval power and imperialism.

Southeast Asia, with its strategic location and rich resources, became a key target for European imperialists.

An economic system where individuals invest money in businesses to make a profit, with minimal government interference.

A form of socialism proposed by Karl Marx, where factory owners and workers struggle for power, ultimately leading to a worker-controlled society.

A version of socialism where production is controlled by the people and the government plays a central role in the economy.

A famous book written by Karl Marx, outlining the principles of communism and the inevitable downfall of capitalism.

The British established a colony in Singapore in 1819. It became a vital trade hub between China and other regions.

The United States sought control of the Philippines mainly for access to Chinese markets, leading to armed conflict with Filipino forces.

Colonial powers often used indirect control by collaborating with local rulers, exploiting resources and claiming to bring prosperity.

Resistance and rebellions were common reactions to colonization, highlighting the opposition to foreign rule.

Colonial powers viewed the extraction of raw materials from occupied territories as beneficial, despite the adverse effects on the colonized economies.

The transformation from small-scale farming to more efficient farming methods using new tools and techniques, resulting in a greater food supply and more people moving to cities for work.

The process of machines replacing manual labor in the production of goods, leading to factories, mass production, and a shift from rural to urban life.

A system where individuals produce goods at home, like spinning wool into yarn or weaving it into fabric, often with the aid of family members.

The transition from small-scale cottage industries to large-scale factory production, driven by new inventions and the need for power from rivers.

The practice of combining small, independent farms into larger, more consolidated units, often enclosed by fences or hedges.

The process of people moving from rural areas to cities in search of work and opportunities.

The combination of resources like coal, water, iron ore, and rivers that were essential for the Industrial Revolution to occur.

Factors of Production

A strong sense of national identity, often fueled by competition and a desire for independence.

The build-up of large armies and the advancement of weapons, leading to heightened tensions in Europe.

A system of alliances between nations, often creating a network of commitments that escalate conflicts.

The event that triggered World War I, where a Serbian nationalist assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne.

The immediate cause of World War I, a series of events that unfolded after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, leading to Austria-Hungary's declaration of war on Serbia.

The process of assembling troops and supplies for war, which was considered an act of war in the early 20th century.

The system of alliances in Europe played a crucial role in escalating tensions and promoting war.

A new type of metal replacing iron. Used in machines, ships and railways and produced by Great Britain, France, Germany, and Belgium.

Electricity changed how energy was used. Generators, hydroelectric dams, and coal-fired plants provided power for homes and industries.

The rise of communication technologies, like the telephone and radio, connected people worldwide, boosting trade and communication.

Transportation changed drastically. Streetcars, steam ships, railroads and subways provided faster routes in cities and across continents.

The invention of the internal combustion engine using petroleum changed transportation even more.

Mass production became more efficient. Higher production led to lower prices and higher worker wages.

The shift to industrial society was difficult for workers. Poor factory conditions led to labor movements and political groups.

Karl Marx: industrial capitalism caused inequality. Society was divided into the bourgeoisie (middle class) and the proletariat (working class).

The poor and overcrowded neighborhoods in industrial cities, often lacking basic amenities like sanitation and housing.

A group of people with a higher standard of living and education, emerging during the Industrial Revolution due to new jobs and wealth.

The economic system where individuals invest money in businesses to make a profit, with minimal government intervention.

The city of Manchester, England, became a major center of industrialization, showcasing both the opportunities and challenges of the Industrial Revolution.

The belief that government should not interfere with business, allowing free markets to regulate themselves.

The use of children as laborers during the Industrial Revolution, often in dangerous and harsh conditions.

The negative environmental impacts caused by industrial activities, such as air and water pollution, resulting from coal smoke and dye waste.