Industrial Revolutions and Advanced Manufacturing
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a key advantage of utilizing industrial robots in manufacturing?

  • They can perform operations that are dangerous or boring for humans. (correct)
  • They are only effective in non-repetitive tasks.
  • They eliminate the need for any human intervention.
  • They require extensive training for operators.

    • What is a defining characteristic of Group Technology (GT)?

  • It incorporates non-human personnel to oversee manufacturing processes.
  • It groups parts based on their similarities in design and manufacturing processes. (correct)
  • It focuses primarily on costly custom manufacturing.
  • It uses flexible formatting to adapt to production volumes.

    • What type of systems is designed to integrate multiple manufacturing cells into a large production facility?

  • Expert Systems
  • Automated Assembly Systems
  • Flexible Manufacturing Systems (correct)
  • Cellular Manufacturing

    • What is the primary function of a central robot in Cellular Manufacturing (CM)?

    <p>To control various production machines performing specific operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the purpose of automated assembly systems?

    <p>To assist in assembly while human aspects are still necessary for certain tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of Expert Systems (ES)?

    <p>They are capable of solving complex real-life problems similar to human experts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following innovations allows robots to work and interact alongside humans?

    <p>Cobot technologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does a Flexible Manufacturing System provide in production?

    <p>Capability to meet rapidly changing market demands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of machining, what is monitored to ensure quality control?

    <p>Forces, temperatures, surface finishes, and dimensions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary goals behind designing products for automated assembly?

    <p>To make assembly faster and easier by machines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key technology associated with the First Industrial Revolution?

    <p>Steam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what century did the Second Industrial Revolution primarily occur?

    <p>19th/20th century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of technology is classified as Direct AMT?

    <p>CNC machines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Adaptive Control (AC) in manufacturing?

    <p>To optimize production parameters automatically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology is NOT considered Indirect AMT?

    <p>DNC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major innovation characterizes Industry 4.0?

    <p>Digital revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What classification of AMT focuses on administrative support for manufacturing?

    <p>Administrative AMT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a technology NOT used for modifying materials?

    <p>ERP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Industrial Revolution is characterized by the introduction of nanotechnologies and biotechnologies?

    <p>Fourth Industrial Revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk associated with the rapidly changing technologies in manufacturing?

    <p>Implementation failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Industrial robots were first introduced in the early 1980s.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Group Technology (GT) focuses solely on the design of parts without considering the manufacturing processes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) cannot adapt to changes in product types once they are set up.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cellular Manufacturing (CM) involves a central robot controlling multiple machines that perform various operations on the same part.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Expert Systems (ES) are simple computer programs that only perform tasks similar to basic calculators.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Automated assembly systems entirely eliminate the need for any human intervention.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cobot technology is specifically developed for robots to work independently without human interaction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first Industrial Revolution is associated with the introduction of electricity in production.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    CNC was first implemented in the early 1970s as a method of controlling machine movements.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Industry 3.0 is defined by the utilization of new energies and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in manufacturing.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adaptive Control (AC) is used to control the temperature of machine components during production.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMT) includes technologies used only for physical production processes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Fourth Industrial Revolution, also known as Industry 4.0, emphasizes digital technologies and biotechnologies.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Indirect AMT primarily refers to technologies that cut and reshape materials on the factory floor.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All forms of AMT can be used interchangeably for any manufacturing purpose.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Industrial Revolutions

    • First (Industry 1.0): 18th century England, use of steam (trains, printing, factories)
    • Second (Industry 2.0): 19th/20th century Europe, use of oil and electricity, production, telephone, radio, television, assembly lines
    • Third (Industry 3.0): 1970s-2008 (USA and West), new energies and ICT in production
    • Fourth (Industry 4.0): Today, digital revolution, biotechnologies, nanotechnologies, 3D printing
    • Society 5.0: Interdependence of man and machine, cognitive computing, human customization, personalization for humans

    Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMT)

    • AMT defined as adopting hard and soft technologies to improve manufacturing capabilities.
    • AMT classifications based on the technology's objective and functionality.
    • Different types of AMT used for various manufacturing purposes.
    • Understanding technology and its optimal utilization is crucial.
    • Rapid technological advancements offer opportunities but are also risky.

    Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMT) Classification

    • Direct AMT: cutting, joining, reshaping, transporting, storing materials (e.g., CNC, DNC, robotics, FMS, AS/RS, AMHS, AGV, RP)
    • Indirect AMT: product design, scheduling production, process planning (e.g., CAD, MRP, SPC, BC, MRP II)
    • Administrative AMT: administrative support, integrating factory operations with the organization (e.g., ERP, ABC, OA)

    Levels of AMT (examples)

    • Stand-alone machine tools (controlled by computers)
    • Manufacturing cells (machines grouped to produce parts)
    • Linked cells (cells form islands with computer networks)
    • Integrated activities (all activities, including marketing, integrated in an information network)

    Computer Numerical Control (CNC)

    • Implemented in the early 1950s.
    • Controlling machine components using coded numerical instructions.
    • Components include a servo drive, power electronics, servo motor, mechanical transmission, current control, velocity control, position control, trajectory generation.

    Adaptive Control (AC)

    • Automatically adjusts processing parameters (in machining, for example). Parameters include forces, temperature, surface finish, dimensions.
    • Aims to optimize production rate, product quality, and minimize manufacturing costs.
    • System constantly monitors parameters and adjusts variables accordingly to keep all parameters within the specified range.

    Industrial Robots

    • Replacing humans in repetitive, dangerous, and boring tasks, especially in assembly operations.
    • Enhanced with sensory perception and movements similar to humans.
    • Recent innovation is cobots (collaborative robots) that interact with humans.

    Automated Assembly Systems

    • Systems developed to replace human assembly operators.
    • Human operators may still be involved in some processes, especially for complex tasks.
    • Emphasis on designing products for easier and faster assembly by machinery.
    • Systems include learning human assembly tasks from observation, robotic embodiment of scripts. (e.g., Hand Grasp Type Recognition, Object Recognition, Robot Retargeting. 3D model building, Robot Action, Finite State Machine.

    Group Technology (GT)

    • Grouping similar parts and manufacturing processes for efficient and economical production.
    • Classifying parts based on design and manufacturing similarities.
    • Standardizes design and processing plans for new parts.

    Cellular Manufacturing (CM)

    • Workstations consisting of several manufacturing cells with various machines, controlled by a central robot or system.
    • Each machine performs a particular operation, including inspection.

    Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS)

    • Interconnecting manufacturing cells with a central computer.
    • Enables efficient production of diverse parts via quickly changing manufacturing sequences.
    • Flexible design adapting to market demand changes.

    Expert Systems (ES)

    • Complex computer programs capable of tasks like solving real-life problems (like human experts).
    • Includes modeling, simulating production facilities, monitoring machine performance, diagnosing issues, and financial planning.
    • Uses knowledge bases (KB), control programs, robotics, sensor data processing with cameras, etc

    Additive Manufacturing

    • Also known as 3D printing, additive processes.
    • Building objects by adding thin layers.
    • Unlike subtractive methods, additive methods create desired shapes.
    • Works with various materials (e.g., plastic, metal, concrete, living cells).
    • Includes methods like Material Jetting, Powder Bed Fusion, Sheet Lamination, Material Extrusion, Directed Energy Deposition, VAT Photopolymerization, Binder Jetting.

    Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)

    • Simulating human brain processes.
    • Capabilities include modeling and simulating production facilities, monitoring, and controlling manufacturing operations.
    • Diagnosing problems, financial planning, and strategic manufacturing decisions.
    • Includes robotics, robotic process automation (RPA), machine learning, neural networks, computer vision, natural language processing, soft computing, and digital twins.

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    Lecture 7: Fundamentals of Advanced Manufacturing Technology PDF

    Description

    Explore the evolution of industrial revolutions from the 18th century to the present day, focusing on key technologies and societal impacts. Additionally, learn about Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMT) and its critical role in enhancing manufacturing capabilities in today's rapidly changing landscape.

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