Industrial Revolution Quiz

Study Notes

Definition: A period of significant economic, technological, and social change that occurred in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in Europe and North America.
Key features:
- Transition from manual labor to machine-based manufacturing
- Development of new energy sources (steam power, coal)
- Increased productivity and efficiency
- Growth of factories and urbanization
Impact:
- Creation of new social classes (industrialists, workers)
- Changes in family and community structures
- Increased economic inequality

Definition: A system in which people are treated as property and forced to work against their will, often under the threat of violence or other forms of punishment.
History of Slavery:
- Ancient civilizations (Greece, Rome, etc.)
- Transatlantic Slave Trade (15th-19th centuries)
- American Civil War and abolition (1861-1865)
Types of Slavery:
- Chattel slavery (ownership of people as property)
- Debt bondage (forced labor to pay off debts)
- Forced labor (coercion, exploitation)
Consequences:
- Human suffering, family separation, and cultural erasure
- Economic exploitation and racial segregation
- Ongoing social and economic inequalities

Occurred in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in Europe and North America
Marked a significant change in the economy, technology, and society
Key features include:
- Transition from manual labor to machine-based manufacturing
- Development of new energy sources (steam power, coal)
- Increased productivity and efficiency
- Growth of factories and urbanization
Led to the creation of new social classes (industrialists, workers)
Changed family and community structures
Increased economic inequality

A system in which people are treated as property and forced to work against their will
Has a long history, dating back to ancient civilizations (Greece, Rome, etc.)
Transatlantic Slave Trade occurred from the 15th to 19th centuries
American Civil War led to abolition from 1861-1865
Types of slavery include:
- Chattel slavery (ownership of people as property)
- Debt bondage (forced labor to pay off debts)
- Forced labor (coercion, exploitation)
Consequences of slavery include:
- Human suffering, family separation, and cultural erasure
- Economic exploitation and racial segregation
- Ongoing social and economic inequalities

Occurred in the 18th and 19th centuries
Key events include the invention of the steam engine by James Watt in 1769 and the development of the power loom by Edmund Cartwright in 1787
Led to the construction of the first factories
Resulted in the transition from manual labor to machine-based manufacturing
Increased productivity and efficiency
Led to the growth of cities and the development of new social classes
Created new jobs and industries

Defined as the practice of owning and exploiting people as property
Existed in ancient civilizations, such as Greece and Rome
Transatlantic slave trade (15th-19th centuries) involved the forced migration of millions of Africans to the Americas
Abolitionist movements emerged in the 18th and 19th centuries