Industrial Revolution Overview

A period of rapid technological advancements, particularly in manufacturing and industry, that began in the late 18th century and continued into the 19th century. It involved major shifts in production, transportation, and social structures.

The process of developing and using complex machinery and large factories in the production of goods. It led to mass production and the growth of cities.

The process of people moving from rural, agricultural areas to urban centers, leading to the rapid growth of cities. This occurred during the Industrial Revolution due to job opportunities in factories.

The belief that individuals or groups are inherently unequal and that those deemed 'fit' are naturally destined to succeed in life. It was used to justify social inequalities during the Industrial Revolution, arguing that the wealthy were more evolved.

The movement advocating for women's right to vote. It gained momentum during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as women became increasingly active in social movements and fought for equal rights.

Resources, geography, entrepreneurship and inventors all played a role in the Industrial Revolution's beginning.

The Industrial Revolution brought short-term challenges such as urbanization, overpopulation, pollution and disease, in addition to increased demand for goods and labor.

The Industrial Revolution led to long-term changes such as improved standards of living, increased productivity, and a greater focus on social reform.

Industrialization spread globally because of factors like colonialism, technological diffusion and the pursuit of economic growth.

The Industrial Revolution began in Britain due to its abundant natural resources, advanced technology, strong infrastructure, and a favorable political climate.

Capitalism, a system based on private ownership and free market principles, greatly influenced the Industrial Revolution by encouraging innovation and competition.

Socialism and communism, ideologies advocating for collective ownership and control over resources, emerged as responses to the inequalities and hardships caused by industrialization.

Labor unions formed to protect workers' rights and address issues like low wages, long working hours, and unsafe conditions during the Industrial Revolution.