Industrial Revolution Overview and Factors
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Questions and Answers

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin, and why did it begin there?

It began in England (Britain) in the middle 1700s.

Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England?

A large population of workers, extensive natural resources, an expanding economy, investments in new inventions, a highly developed banking system, and political stability.

What spurred the Industrial Revolution?

Inventions aimed to modernize the cotton industry, speeding up production and increasing sales.

What are the factors of production?

<p>Land, labor, and capital.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the major forms of improvements to transportation during the Industrial Revolution?

<p>The steam engine improved transportation with boats and canals, roads and turnpikes were built, and railroads transformed travel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Industrialization change the lives of people living in Europe?

<p>People earned higher wages, wore better clothing, and urbanized, but faced poor living conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'laissez faire' refer to?

<p>Economic policy of minimal regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is utilitarianism?

<p>A philosophy introduced by Bentham that suggests judging ideas based on their utility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Industrial Revolution?

<p>The greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the middle 1700s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who invented the steam engine?

<p>Thomas Newcome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did George Stephenson do?

<p>Improved locomotives and built the world's first railroad line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a steam-driven locomotive?

<p>A railroad vehicle powered by steam, invented by Richard Trevithick.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who built the first steamboat?

<p>Robert Fulton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who figured out how to make the steam engine work faster?

<p>James Watt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does urbanization mean?

<p>Movement to cities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the middle class?

<p>A social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The length of the average workday was originally __________.

<p>14 hours a day, for 6 days a week.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List at least 5 problems that existed in industrial cities such as Manchester.

<p>Child labor, pollution, poor housing, lack of paved streets, and insufficient sanitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Industrial Revolution refers to the increased production of ____________________.

<p>machine-made goods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

An _____________ paved the way for the Industrial Revolution.

<p>Agricultural Revolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the two results of the enclosure movement.

<p>Landowners tried new agricultural methods and small farmers were forced to move to cities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thomas Newcome invented the _____________.

<p>Steam engine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Robert Fulton is known for creating the _____________.

<p>Steamboat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Richard Trevithick is credited with inventing the _____________.

<p>Locomotive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

George Stephenson improved _____________.

<p>Railroads.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Wealthy textile merchants set up machines in large buildings called _____________.

<p>Factories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A person who takes on the risks of a business is called a(n) _______________.

<p>Entrepreneur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Industrial Revolution Overview

  • The Industrial Revolution began in England during the mid-1700s, marking a significant shift in production methods.

Reasons for Origin in England

  • A large population of workers was readily available.
  • Extensive natural resources, including water power, coal, iron ore, rivers, and harbors supported manufacturing.
  • An expanding economy facilitated growth and investment in new technologies.
  • Businesspeople actively invested in manufacturing innovations.
  • A highly developed banking system provided financial support for industrial ventures.
  • Political stability in England allowed for growth without major disruptions.

Catalysts of the Industrial Revolution

  • Key inventions aimed to modernize industries, particularly in cotton, leading to increased production speeds and sales.

Factors of Production

  • Essential resources for production included land, labor, and capital.

Transportation Improvements

  • Introduction of the steam engine revolutionized transportation, enabling the development of canals and improved road networks.
  • Railroads emerged, significantly speeding up transport and changing lives.

Impact on European Society

  • Factory work provided higher wages compared to agricultural jobs, improving living standards.
  • Urbanization occurred as people moved to cities, but living conditions were often dire due to lack of planning and infrastructure.
  • Many urban areas suffered from overcrowding, inadequate sanitation, and widespread illness.

Economic Policies and Philosophies

  • Laissez-faire economics allowed businesses to operate without government interference.
  • Utilitarianism, introduced by Bentham, emphasized evaluating actions based on their usefulness.

Key Figures and Innovations

  • Thomas Newcome invented the steam engine.
  • George Stephenson improved locomotives and began constructing the first railroad.
  • Richard Trevithick created the first steam-driven locomotive.
  • Robert Fulton built the first steamboat.
  • James Watt enhanced steam engine efficiency, increasing speed and reducing fuel consumption.
  • Urbanization refers to the movement of populations from rural areas to cities.

Middle Class Development

  • The middle class emerged, consisting of skilled workers, professionals, business owners, and affluent farmers.

Working Conditions

  • The average workday started at 14 hours a day, later reduced to 10 hours for women and children by 1847.

Issues Faced in Industrial Cities

  • Common problems included child labor, high pollution levels, inadequate housing, urban planning challenges, and poor sanitation.

Definition Scope

  • The Industrial Revolution significantly boosted the output of machine-made goods in England.
  • An Agricultural Revolution predated and facilitated the Industrial Revolution by improving farming productivity.

Enclosure Movement Outcomes

  • Landowners adopted new agricultural methods.
  • Small farmers were displaced, leading to greater urban migration.

Roles within the Industrial Economy

  • Factories became large buildings where wealthy textile merchants set up machines for production.
  • Entrepreneurs took risks to establish businesses and drive economic growth.

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Description

This quiz covers the origins and key features of the Industrial Revolution, focusing on why it began in England. You'll explore the significant resources, innovations, and transportation improvements that fueled this transformative era in manufacturing and economy.

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