Questions and Answers
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin, and why did it begin there?
It began in England (Britain) in the middle 1700s.
Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England?
A large population of workers, extensive natural resources, an expanding economy, investments in new inventions, a highly developed banking system, and political stability.
What spurred the Industrial Revolution?
Inventions aimed to modernize the cotton industry, speeding up production and increasing sales.
What are the factors of production?
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What were the major forms of improvements to transportation during the Industrial Revolution?
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How did Industrialization change the lives of people living in Europe?
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What does 'laissez faire' refer to?
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What is utilitarianism?
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What is the Industrial Revolution?
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Who invented the steam engine?
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What did George Stephenson do?
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What is a steam-driven locomotive?
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Who built the first steamboat?
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Who figured out how to make the steam engine work faster?
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What does urbanization mean?
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What is the middle class?
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The length of the average workday was originally __________.
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List at least 5 problems that existed in industrial cities such as Manchester.
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The Industrial Revolution refers to the increased production of ____________________.
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An _____________ paved the way for the Industrial Revolution.
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Identify the two results of the enclosure movement.
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Thomas Newcome invented the _____________.
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Robert Fulton is known for creating the _____________.
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Richard Trevithick is credited with inventing the _____________.
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George Stephenson improved _____________.
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Wealthy textile merchants set up machines in large buildings called _____________.
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A person who takes on the risks of a business is called a(n) _______________.
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Study Notes
Industrial Revolution Overview
- The Industrial Revolution began in England during the mid-1700s, marking a significant shift in production methods.
Reasons for Origin in England
- A large population of workers was readily available.
- Extensive natural resources, including water power, coal, iron ore, rivers, and harbors supported manufacturing.
- An expanding economy facilitated growth and investment in new technologies.
- Businesspeople actively invested in manufacturing innovations.
- A highly developed banking system provided financial support for industrial ventures.
- Political stability in England allowed for growth without major disruptions.
Catalysts of the Industrial Revolution
- Key inventions aimed to modernize industries, particularly in cotton, leading to increased production speeds and sales.
Factors of Production
- Essential resources for production included land, labor, and capital.
Transportation Improvements
- Introduction of the steam engine revolutionized transportation, enabling the development of canals and improved road networks.
- Railroads emerged, significantly speeding up transport and changing lives.
Impact on European Society
- Factory work provided higher wages compared to agricultural jobs, improving living standards.
- Urbanization occurred as people moved to cities, but living conditions were often dire due to lack of planning and infrastructure.
- Many urban areas suffered from overcrowding, inadequate sanitation, and widespread illness.
Economic Policies and Philosophies
- Laissez-faire economics allowed businesses to operate without government interference.
- Utilitarianism, introduced by Bentham, emphasized evaluating actions based on their usefulness.
Key Figures and Innovations
- Thomas Newcome invented the steam engine.
- George Stephenson improved locomotives and began constructing the first railroad.
- Richard Trevithick created the first steam-driven locomotive.
- Robert Fulton built the first steamboat.
- James Watt enhanced steam engine efficiency, increasing speed and reducing fuel consumption.
Urbanization Trends
- Urbanization refers to the movement of populations from rural areas to cities.
Middle Class Development
- The middle class emerged, consisting of skilled workers, professionals, business owners, and affluent farmers.
Working Conditions
- The average workday started at 14 hours a day, later reduced to 10 hours for women and children by 1847.
Issues Faced in Industrial Cities
- Common problems included child labor, high pollution levels, inadequate housing, urban planning challenges, and poor sanitation.
Definition Scope
- The Industrial Revolution significantly boosted the output of machine-made goods in England.
- An Agricultural Revolution predated and facilitated the Industrial Revolution by improving farming productivity.
Enclosure Movement Outcomes
- Landowners adopted new agricultural methods.
- Small farmers were displaced, leading to greater urban migration.
Roles within the Industrial Economy
- Factories became large buildings where wealthy textile merchants set up machines for production.
- Entrepreneurs took risks to establish businesses and drive economic growth.
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Description
This quiz covers the origins and key features of the Industrial Revolution, focusing on why it began in England. You'll explore the significant resources, innovations, and transportation improvements that fueled this transformative era in manufacturing and economy.
