Industrial Revolution in England and the US

A labor movement in Germany that emerged in response to industrialization and sought improved working conditions.

The process by which a country transitions from an agrarian economy to an industrial one.

The Russian government's strategy to rapidly industrialize the country, driven by the desire for military modernization after the Crimean War defeat.

A major project that connected Russia's European and Asian territories, vastly improving transportation and access to resources.

The abolition of serfdom, freeing peasants from bound labor and setting the stage for industrial growth.

The process of growing urban centers, often driven by industrialization, leading to changes in society and environment.

A policy of isolationism and limited foreign contact, practiced by Japan for centuries prior to its industrialization.

The introduction of capitalist principles and practices to Japan, paving the way for economic growth and modernization.

The period of time following the Industrial Revolution, characterized by the rise of factories, steam power, and urbanization.

The working class, people who labor for wages in factories or other industries.

The wealthy class who owns the means of production, including factories, businesses, and land.

The idea that history is a series of conflicts between social classes, with the working class ultimately rising to overthrow the ruling class.

A political and economic theory advocating for a classless society, achieved through revolution.

A philosophical concept describing the feeling of being disconnected from one's work and its results.

The exploitation of workers by capitalists, where workers are paid less than the value they create.

The British East India Company's rule in India, marked by economic exploitation, forceful religious conversion, and the weakening of local economies.

The British East India Company's strategy of empowering local Indian elites to maintain control, often through financial incentives and support for British policies.

The British East India Company's use of existing religious and ethnic divisions in India to prevent unified resistance against British rule.

The British East India Company's use of Indian soldiers, known as sepoys, to enforce British rule and expand its control.

The British East India Company's policy of annexing Indian territories without a biological heir, which allowed them to expand their control.

The uprising of Indian soldiers and civilians against British rule in 1857, triggered by the use of controversial gun cartridges, but rooted in grievances like excessive taxation and forced conversion.

The British Crown taking direct control of India after the Sepoy Rebellion, marking the end of the British East India Company's rule.

The lasting impact of British colonialism in India, characterized by poverty, violence, and oppression, highlighting the injustices of colonial rule.

Gandhi's philosophy of nonviolence successfully exposed the flaws of British rule and inspired other movements like MLK.

The Treaty of Versailles, failing to recognize China's contribution to WWI, fueled anti-colonial sentiment and ultimately led to China's rejection of the treaty.

This movement, sparked by the Treaty of Versailles, focused on protesting against colonial rule and advocating for political participation and women's rights.

African and Caribbean soldiers who fought in WWI were denied recognition and self-determination, inspiring Pan-African movements advocating for equality and freedom.

A colonial strategy employed by European powers in Africa, characterized by fostering divisions among ethnic groups and ruling indirectly through local leaders.

An economic system where colonies are exploited for their resources, focusing on extraction and minimal investment in local development.

The spread of Christianity and the establishment of mission schools in African colonies, impacting local beliefs and practices.

Churches formed by Africans in response to European colonialism, often reflecting local beliefs and cultural influences.

A rebellion against British rule in the colony of Ghana led by Queen Yaa Asantewaa, employing military tactics but ultimately failing.

A rebellion against the Qing dynasty in China, led by Hong Xiuquan who claimed to be the son of God and advocated communist ideals.

A policy implemented by the Qing dynasty to modernize China by adopting Western technology, but ultimately failed to achieve its goals.

The leader of the Chinese Nationalist Party (Guomindang), who played a key role in the overthrow of the Qing dynasty and the establishment of a new republic.

A movement promoting unity and solidarity among people of African descent globally, born from anti-colonial sentiment and centuries of racism. It sought to challenge colonial rule and promote the abolition of racial discrimination.

An influential figure in Pan-Africanism who advocated for Black consciousness and decolonization. He believed that the color line was the defining issue of the 20th century.

A Jamaican activist who advocated for a return of the African diaspora to Africa. He believed in the creation of a self-governing Black nation.

A Senegalese politician and poet who championed the Black identity movement known as Négritude. It emphasized Black cultural contributions and solidarity.

A South African political organization founded by western-educated individuals. It advocated for equal rights for African colonies and opposed racial segregation.

The impact of Pan-Africanism on decolonization movements and international politics. Its ideas influenced movements for independence in Africa and beyond.

A period of time prior to World War I when the women's suffrage movement experienced a slowdown in its progress.