Industrial Revolution Contributions

Spinning Jenny

Water frame

Newcomen and Savery

<p>A separate condenser</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Puddling furnace</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Planned the streets and infrastructure of Paris</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Human Comedy, Realism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Listerine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poverty from death and disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Germs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>She had a deep understanding of prices, qualities, types, and styles of stockings, and she contributed to the business by finding capital and helping it grow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Malthus argued that population growth would always outpace food production, leading to widespread poverty and hardship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The U.K.'s industrialization was more efficient due to its earlier start and the adoption of advanced technology. (A), The U.K. had access to more capital and resources. (C), The U.K. had a more stable and encouraging political system. (D), Europe's industrialization was hindered by political instability and wars. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inadequate infrastructure and transportation networks. (A), Resistance from landowning elites. (B), Limited availability and high cost of new technologies. (E), Smaller markets compared to Britain. (F), Disruptions caused by the Napoleonic Wars. (G), Shortage of skilled workers. (H)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group of skilled machinists organized after Robert Owen's efforts to improve working conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cotton/textiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Working conditions sucked (long hours, child labor that gave basically no pay with bad hours, exposer to machinery, toxic chemicals, etc.)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapid adoption of new farming methods. (A), A strong central bank and credit markets. (C), A stable monarchy and aristocratic hierarchy. (D), Strong Atlantic economy and British colonial empire. (E), An abundance of agricultural laborers and potential industrial workforce. (G), A good domestic market strengthened by cheap shipping. (H)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pumping water out of deep coal mines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He added a separate condenser to make it more efficient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liverpool and Manchester</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It lowered the cost and uncertainty of shipping freight, encouraging larger markets and factories, and contributing to urbanization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Landless farm laborers and poor peasants who became urban workers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Crystal Palace was a venue that housed the Great Exhibition of 1851, which showcased inventions from various countries highlighting Britain's technological advancements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He founded a textile factory in Belgium, introducing industrialization to continental Europe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Authored a book advocating for the adoption of industrialization. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He promoted industrialization in Germany and advocated for protectionist policies to encourage domestic industries to compete with Britain's superior manufactured goods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Good: Promoted trade and commerce / Bad: Susceptible to economic instability. (A), Good: Increased access to credit / Bad: Vulnerable to financial crises. (C), Good: Provided capital for industrial growth / Bad: Limited lending and high interest rates. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Industrial Revolution led to a shift towards a more carbohydrate-heavy diet for workers, with less meat and more bread and potatoes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Engels criticized the exploitation of the working class by the capitalist middle class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The factory system introduced a more centralized and disciplined work environment, with workers losing control over their work and its pace.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It mainly targeted the working conditions for children, aiming to regulate their hours and protect them from exploitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Founded trade unions to protect workers' rights. (A), Promoted worker-owned factories. (B), Fought for the abolition of child labor. (C), Established a utopian community based on socialist principles. (D), Advocated for shorter working hours and improved working conditions. (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subcontractors were individuals or small workshops that worked on specific parts of larger projects, often contracted by factories. They helped to expand production capacity and utilize a skilled workforce, contributing to the growth of the industrial sector.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Industrial work shifted towards tasks requiring greater strength and physicality, favoring men over women, leading to a wider gap in wages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It limited the working hours of children in factories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It banned women and children under 10 years old from working in coal mines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It outlawed trade unions and other forms of worker organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Chartists demanded universal male suffrage, meaning the right to vote for all men.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Governments often played a significant role in financing the development of continental railroads.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Factories primarily hired individuals from the rural population who were seeking work in urban areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Belgium and the U.S. had a comparable level of industrialization between 1750-1880 and 1900-1913. (A), Great Britain had the highest level of industrialization between 1750-1913. (B), Russia, China, and India had the lowest levels of industrialization. (C), Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy had a lower level of industrialization compared to France. (D), These rankings indicate that the U.K. was the leading industrial power throughout this period, with Belgium and the U.S. catching up in later stages. (E), France had a lower level of industrialization compared to the U.K. and Belgium. (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The capitalist class provided capital for the establishment and expansion of factories, invested in technology, and took risks to drive economic growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The growth of cities and urbanization. (A), Technological innovation and advancements. (B), Increased productivity and economic growth. (D), Increased production and greater availability of goods. (F), Creation of new jobs and opportunities. (H)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A skilled workforce. (B), A well-developed economy and infrastructure. (C), Available energy sources, such as coal and water power. (E), Access to capital for investment. (F), The ability to manufacture precise parts and machinery. (G), A thriving agricultural sector to support a growing population. (H)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A significant increase in wheat production due to new technologies. (B), Increased demand for wheat due to a growing population. (C), A shift towards large-scale wheat farming with mechanization. (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Luddites were a group of English textile workers who protested against the introduction of new technologies they believed were threatening their jobs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>France: Luxury goods like wine, textiles, and fashion. Belgium: Coal, steel, and textiles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Customs unions were agreements between countries to eliminate tariffs on trade within the union, aiming to promote free trade and economic integration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prostitution flourished during the Industrial Revolution due to the influx of workers to cities, social and economic disparities, and the availability of cheap labor from women escaping poverty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Engels accused the British middle class of exploiting the working class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rise of a new class of entrepreneurs and financiers in Continental Europe. (A), Political stability and government support for industrial development. (B), The spread of technological innovations from Britain. (C), The establishment of new trade routes and improved transportation infrastructure. (D), The availability of raw materials like coal and iron in Continental Europe. (E), The availability of skilled labor in Continental Europe. (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The spinning jenny initially favored female spinners, leading to a reduction in demand for male weavers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The water frame required a large workforce, which was a shift from home-based manufacturing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Haussmann's planning of Paris streets significantly reshaped the city's layout.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coke enabled the refining of pig iron in the puddling furnace.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elizabeth Strutt demonstrated a complex understanding of pricing, quality, and styles in her family's business.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Napoleonic Wars disrupted and slowed the spread of industrialization across Europe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early factories had poor working conditions including long hours, child labor with low pay, exposure to machinery and toxic chemicals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Landowning elites in continental Europe who were resistant to change slowed industrialization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The shift from skilled artisans to large-scale factory production led to management needing a way to control piece-work, which led them to use subcontractors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Besides limiting child labor, it also established a system of inspections and created a basis for further reforms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Combination Acts also sought to suppress collective bargaining and worker organizing, effectively suppressing wage increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Chartists advocated for universal male suffrage, secret ballots, and equal electoral districts as specific reforms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>France and Belgium often relied on existing skilled labor and artisan traditions leading to slower, and sometimes more sustainable growth compared to the rapid industrialization of Britain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Dutch</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Families had more disposable income to spend on manufactured goods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The government encouraged free markets, technical advancements, and personal initiative by workers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Britian's colonial empire and their hold in the Atlantic economy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It dramatically reduced the cost and uncertainty of shipping freight on land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It encouraged larger markets, which in turn encouraged larger factories with better machinery to keep up with demand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It caused increased competition for artisans and cottage workers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It showed off inventions from many different countries but especially highlighted Great Britain’s technological superiority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A period of major industrialization in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Invented by James Hargreaves, it allowed multiple spools of thread to be spun at once.

Invented by Cartwright, it mechanized the weaving process, boosting efficiency.

Engine powered by steam, crucial for powering factories and transportation.

Thomas Malthus argued that population growth will outpace food supply.

Factories had long hours, child labor, and unsafe environments.

Initially produced cotton and textiles, marking a shift in production.

Venue for the Great Exhibition of 1851, showcasing technological advancements.

First railway line connecting these two cities, heralding railway transport.

Engels claimed British middle classes exploited workers.

Group that protested against industrial machinery replacing jobs.

Legislation that limited child labor hours in factories.

Prohibited women and children under 10 from working in mines.

Outlawed trade unions and collective bargaining.

Movement advocating for wider voting rights, especially for men.

Women's rights and roles declined, especially in work settings.

Railroads reduced freight costs, aiding industrial markets.

Complicated technology and resistance from land-owning elites hindered progress.

James Watt improved steam engines with a separate condenser.

Needed skilled workers, capital, and good steam engines for industrialization.

Firms hired to produce goods on behalf of primary manufacturers.

Economist who advocated for protective tariffs to help nascent industries.

Shift from home-based production to centralized factory systems.

Lower freight costs encouraged factory growth and urban working class.

Invented by Cort, it refined pig iron using coke.

A vast empire that controlled markets for British goods.

Initially used for pumping water out of coal mines.

Improved the steam engine by adding a separate condenser.

Connected Liverpool and Manchester, marking a transportation revolution.

Landless farm laborers became urban workers, fueling industrial growth.

Showcased inventions and Britain's technological superiority in 1851.

Founded a textile factory in Belgium, spreading industrialization.

The Spinning Jenny allowed multiple spools of thread to be spun simultaneously, leading to greater efficiency in textile production.

An economist who argued in 'Essay on the Principle of Population' that population growth would always outstrip food supply.

Chadwick revealed that poverty was linked to death and disease, highlighting the need for public health reforms.

Wife of Jedidiah Strutt, contributed significantly to the family's stocking business, showing women's role in industry.

A skilled machinist group that followed Robert Owen's ideas, promoting workers' rights and well-being.

Factories often employed entire families to work, as this arrangement was more convenient for both workers and employers.

Factory environments were often poor, marked by long hours, child labor, and exposure to unsafe conditions.