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The Industrial Revolution began in the 1800s when mass production in factories became common.
The Industrial Revolution began in the 1800s when mass production in factories became common.
False
The Agricultural Revolution contributed to the Industrial Revolution by increasing food production.
The Agricultural Revolution contributed to the Industrial Revolution by increasing food production.
True
Colonies played a significant role in Britain's industrialization by providing raw materials.
Colonies played a significant role in Britain's industrialization by providing raw materials.
True
The Energy Revolution introduced water wheels and coal-fueled steam engines that improved production speeds.
The Energy Revolution introduced water wheels and coal-fueled steam engines that improved production speeds.
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Better medical care during the Industrial Revolution led to a rise in the death rate.
Better medical care during the Industrial Revolution led to a rise in the death rate.
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The children working night shifts go to work at 6 a.m.
The children working night shifts go to work at 6 a.m.
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Furman Owens has been working in the mills for 4 years.
Furman Owens has been working in the mills for 4 years.
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The youngest sisters earn $84 a night.
The youngest sisters earn $84 a night.
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Urbanization refers to the movement of people to rural areas.
Urbanization refers to the movement of people to rural areas.
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By 1850, the majority of people in the USA were farmers.
By 1850, the majority of people in the USA were farmers.
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The Rocket Locomotive was introduced in the year 1829.
The Rocket Locomotive was introduced in the year 1829.
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The impact of industrialization included the growth of larger markets.
The impact of industrialization included the growth of larger markets.
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Children working in mills had access to education during their shifts.
Children working in mills had access to education during their shifts.
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Friedrich Engels highlighted that untreated sewage turned rivers blue in industrial cities.
Friedrich Engels highlighted that untreated sewage turned rivers blue in industrial cities.
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In 1830, male workers under 11 years of age earned 2s 3d.
In 1830, male workers under 11 years of age earned 2s 3d.
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The upper-middle class includes successful industrialists, bankers, and merchants.
The upper-middle class includes successful industrialists, bankers, and merchants.
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The working class made up 50% of the population during the Industrial Revolution.
The working class made up 50% of the population during the Industrial Revolution.
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Laissez faire economics suggests that the government should heavily regulate the market.
Laissez faire economics suggests that the government should heavily regulate the market.
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According to Karl Marx, the proletariat is the class that controls the means of production.
According to Karl Marx, the proletariat is the class that controls the means of production.
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The Factory Act of 1833 prohibited hiring children under the age of 9.
The Factory Act of 1833 prohibited hiring children under the age of 9.
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The Mines Act allowed women and children to work underground in mines.
The Mines Act allowed women and children to work underground in mines.
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The Industrial Revolution in England resulted in a large labor supply due to a population explosion and machines replacing farmers.
The Industrial Revolution in England resulted in a large labor supply due to a population explosion and machines replacing farmers.
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Labor unions aimed to improve conditions for the working class, including higher wages and better safety.
Labor unions aimed to improve conditions for the working class, including higher wages and better safety.
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Universal education was a goal achieved during the Industrial Revolution.
Universal education was a goal achieved during the Industrial Revolution.
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Coal and iron ore were scarce resources in England during the Industrial Revolution.
Coal and iron ore were scarce resources in England during the Industrial Revolution.
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The Factory System required more skilled labor than capital investment.
The Factory System required more skilled labor than capital investment.
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Factory production concentrated production in urban areas and was located near sources of power.
Factory production concentrated production in urban areas and was located near sources of power.
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The shift from rural to urban economies during the Industrial Revolution resulted in low social mobility.
The shift from rural to urban economies during the Industrial Revolution resulted in low social mobility.
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By 1800, steam engines began to replace water wheels in factories as a source of power.
By 1800, steam engines began to replace water wheels in factories as a source of power.
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Children working in mines were typically employed in roles that were safe and did not require much physical effort.
Children working in mines were typically employed in roles that were safe and did not require much physical effort.
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The Factory System led to a rigid work schedule, often requiring workers to endure monotonous tasks for long hours.
The Factory System led to a rigid work schedule, often requiring workers to endure monotonous tasks for long hours.
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Study Notes
Industrial Revolution: Beginnings
- The Industrial Revolution began in the 1750s when people shifted from producing goods in homes or on farms to mass production in factories located in cities.
Causes of Industrialization
- Agricultural Revolution: Small farms were enclosed to create large, profitable farms, increasing agricultural production.
- Population Explosion: Improved food production and medical care led to a population increase, creating a demand for jobs and goods.
- Energy Revolution: New machines and inventions, powered by water wheels and coal-fueled steam engines, increased production speed and efficiency.
Why Great Britain?
- Colonial Empire: Colonies supplied raw materials and served as markets for finished goods.
- Capital: Wealthy merchants had money to invest.
- Geography: Britain's island location and irregular coastlines provided good access for trade and harbors. The mild climate allowed for year-round trading.
- Large Labor Supply: Population growth and the replacement of farmers by machines created a workforce.
- Natural Resources: Ample coal and iron ore were available.
- New Technology: Advancements in textiles, transportation, and communication fueled the Industrial Revolution.
- Stable Government and Economy: A stable political environment provided a good foundation for economic growth.
Industrial Society
- Shift to Urban Manufacturing: From a rural, agricultural economy to a city-based, machine-driven economy.
- Wage Employment: Workers earned wages in factories instead of sharing crops and housing from farms.
- Urbanization: People moved from rural areas to cities for employment opportunities.
- High Social Mobility: Easier to move up or down the social ladder based on ability and work performance.
Factory System
- Concentrated Production: Factories located near power sources.
- Capital Investment: Mass production required significant capital investment.
- Long Hours and Monotony: Workers typically worked 12-14 hour days with repetitive and often dangerous tasks.
The Use of Coal
- Steam Engine: Coal replaced water wheels as a primary power source for factories.
- Factory Relocation: Factories moved near coal and iron mines, leading to urbanization around these areas.
Impact of Industrialization
- New Jobs: Industrialization created new employment opportunities.
- Lower-priced Goods: Mass production led to lower priced goods.
- Larger Markets: Increased production fostered larger markets for industrial goods.
- Growth of Factories and Machinery: Industrialization led to an expansion of factories and machinery.
Urbanization
- Population Growth in Cities: People moved to cities for jobs, causing a rapid increase in urban populations.
- Housing Shortages: Cities struggled to keep up with the demand for housing, leading to overcrowding and poor living conditions.
- Pollution: Untreated sewage, industrial waste, and coal smoke contaminated the environment, negatively affecting health.
- Class Divide: Industrialization created a large gap between the wealthy and poor.
Capitalism
- Laissez-Faire Economics: Government intervention in the market was minimal, allowing free competition.
- Private Ownership: Individuals and companies controlled the factors of production and made economic decisions.
Karl Marx and Communism
- Class Conflict: Marx argued that throughout history, conflict existed between social classes: the bourgeoisie (wealthy owners of production) and the proletariat (workers).
- Revolution and Equality: He believed that through revolution, the proletariat would take control of production, leading to a society with social equality where everyone shared ownership.
Reform Movements
- Labor Unions: Workers formed unions to bargain for better working conditions and wages.
- Factory Act of 1833: Legislation restricted child labor, limited working hours, and improved factory safety.
- Mines Act: Prohibited women and children from working underground.
- Improved Working Conditions: Labor unions and legislation led to higher wages, shorter workdays, and improved safety measures.
Towards a Mass Society
- Social Progress: Improved housing, public sanitation, and education contributed to the development of a mass society.
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Description
Explore the pivotal beginnings and causes of the Industrial Revolution in this quiz. Learn about the agricultural advancements, population changes, and energy innovations that sparked this monumental shift in history. Understand why Great Britain was the epicenter of industrialization during the 18th century.
