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Questions and Answers
What is the atom economy of the described process?
What is the atom economy of the described process?
Electricity production from this process emits significant amounts of carbon dioxide.
Electricity production from this process emits significant amounts of carbon dioxide.
False
What desirable product is produced despite its toxicity?
What desirable product is produced despite its toxicity?
Chlorine
The process aims to minimise ________ and maximise profit.
The process aims to minimise ________ and maximise profit.
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Match the following electricity generation sources with their descriptions:
Match the following electricity generation sources with their descriptions:
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Which factor is NOT considered in the design of industrial processes?
Which factor is NOT considered in the design of industrial processes?
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The primary goal of industrial processes is to minimize profit.
The primary goal of industrial processes is to minimize profit.
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What are the three products that can be produced from the electrolysis of sea water?
What are the three products that can be produced from the electrolysis of sea water?
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The chemical industry aims to design processes that maximize _____ and minimize environmental impact.
The chemical industry aims to design processes that maximize _____ and minimize environmental impact.
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Match the following factors with their descriptions:
Match the following factors with their descriptions:
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What is the main environmental consideration when designing industrial processes?
What is the main environmental consideration when designing industrial processes?
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The cost of transporting salty water to the Lossiechem plant is high.
The cost of transporting salty water to the Lossiechem plant is high.
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What renewable resource is used to electrolyze sea water in the Lossiechem project?
What renewable resource is used to electrolyze sea water in the Lossiechem project?
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Study Notes
Industrial Process Design
- Industrial processes are designed to maximize profit while minimizing environmental impact.
Factors Influencing Process Design
- Feedstock Availability, Cost, and Sustainability: The availability and cost of the starting materials (feedstocks) are crucial decisions in process design. Raw materials’ sustainability is also a critical consideration.
- Recycling Opportunities: Recycling unreacted materials or by-products can significantly reduce waste and improve the process's efficiency.
- Energy Requirements: The source and cost of energy used in the process are important. Renewable energy sources are preferred to reduce environmental impact.
- By-product Marketability: The value of any by-products generated can significantly impact the overall profitability. No by-products, or unusable by-products, will diminish profitability.
- Product Yield (Atom Economy): A higher atom economy (percentage of reactants converted to desired products) is usually more desirable as it reduces waste.
Environmental Considerations
- Waste Minimization: Processes should minimize waste production. Waste can be further processed into other products, or reused in its original form.
- Toxic Substance Avoidance: Processes should avoid creating harmful substances. If the use of toxic substances is unavoidable, strict safety measures must be put in place.
- Biodegradable Product Design: Design of products to readily decompose naturally if appropriate.
Lossiechem Example
- Seawater Electrolysis: Scientists at Lossiechem have developed a pilot plant using electricity from renewable sources to electrolyze seawater, producing sodium hydroxide, chlorine gas, and hydrogen gas.
- Feedstock Availability and Cost: Seawater in the Moray Firth is abundant and requires minimal transport costs post pipeline construction. Water treatment may be necessary.
- Recycling: Unreacted sodium chloride can be recycled back into the process.
- Energy Requirements: Hydroelectric, wind, or wave power could be used for electricity generation.
- By-Product Marketability: All products (sodium hydroxide, chlorine, hydrogen) are valuable.
- Product Yield: The process has a 100% atom economy.
- Environmental Considerations: Electricity generation produces no CO2. Waste from water purification could be used as fertilizer. Chlorine, although potentially toxic, has a market value, and careful storage is required. The current process isn't concerned with producing biodegradeable products.
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Description
This quiz covers key factors influencing industrial process design, including feedstock availability, recycling opportunities, energy requirements, by-product marketability, and product yield. Understand how these components work together to maximize profit and minimize environmental impact.
