Industrial-Organizational Psychology

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Questions and Answers

What was the main goal of the Hawthorne studies?

To study the emotional world of workers and job satisfaction (correct)

To understand how to increase productivity

To analyze the role of labor unions in workplaces

To investigate the impact of war on industrial psychology

What event led to renewed interest in ability testing?

The development of the Human Relations Movement

The passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

The rise of labor unions

World War I (correct)

What was the outcome of the post-World War II era in terms of labor?

Increased use of ability testing

Decreased interest in industrial psychology

Rising labor unrest and work stoppages (correct)

Increased productivity and job satisfaction

What led to the influx of new tests for selection and productivity?

The admission of Industrial Organizational Psychology into Division 14 of the APA Signup and view all the answers

What marked a line of demarcation between 'classic' and 'modern' thinking in Industrial Organizational Psychology?

The passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Signup and view all the answers

What was the main concern of management in the post-war era?

Productivity and worker attitude Signup and view all the answers

What led to the development of the assessment centre?

World War I Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Human Relations Movement?

It emphasized the emotional world of workers and job satisfaction Signup and view all the answers

What marked the beginning of a period of well-being and of the ideology of peace?

The fall of the Berlin Wall Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of industrial psychology during its earlier periods?

Individual performance and attitudes Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of Elton Mayo's work in Industrial Psychology?

Emotions and behavior of workers Signup and view all the answers

What was added to the name of industrial psychology in 1973 to emphasize its broader scope?

Organizational Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Army Alpha test?

To assess intelligence of army recruits Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of business psychology?

Attaining effective and sustainable performance Signup and view all the answers

What led to the growth of Industrial Psychology in the US?

The growing industrial base in the US Signup and view all the answers

What was the main conflict shifting from in the late 20th century?

Capital-work to citizen-state Signup and view all the answers

In the 1970s, what term became more commonly used in the United Kingdom instead of I-O psychology?

Occupational psychology Signup and view all the answers

What was the original purpose of the Stanford-Binet test?

To test one individual at a time Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of industrial and organizational psychology?

Group behavior and organizational development Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of business psychology?

The practice of improving working life Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the start of the third millennium in WOP?

Growing faith in the subjectivity of workers Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'industrial' side of I-O psychology concerned with?

Individual differences and assessment Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hawthorne Studies and Human Relations Movement

Studied workers' thoughts and emotions to understand resistance to management and union sympathy
Known as Hawthorne studies, which led to the Human Relations Movement
This movement focused on motivation, emotional world of workers, job satisfaction, and worker interviews

World War I and I-O Psychology

World War I led to increased interest in ability testing for accurate placement of recruits
Introduced the assessment centre and concern for morale and fatigue of war industry workers
Military intelligence also became an area of focus

Post-War Years and Labour Unrest

Post-War years saw a boom in industry and labour unrest, with rising work stoppages and strikes
This led to management's concern about productivity and worker attitude surveys

Development of Industrial Organizational Psychology

Industrial Organizational Psychology became part of the American Psychological Association's Division 14
New tests for selection, productivity, and workforce stability emerged
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 led to the need for employers to justify and show relevance for test use
The name changed from industrial psychology to industrial and organizational psychology in the mid-1960s
This change reflected the shift from individual to group behaviour focus

International Development and Naming Changes

In the UK, "occupational psychology" became a more common term than I-O psychology in the 1970s
Business psychology emerged in the 1990s, focusing on improving working life and combining psychology with business experience
The end of the Cold War and the fall of the Berlin Wall marked a shift from scarcity to abundance ideology

Historical Origins and Evolution

The "industrial" side of I-O psychology originated from research on individual differences and work performance prediction
World War I sparked the development of I-O psychology, with psychologists adapting intelligence tests for mass use
The field continued to evolve, focusing on worker emotions, job satisfaction, and organizational development

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Description

This quiz covers the Hawthorne Studies and Human Relations Movement, which focused on worker motivation and job satisfaction, as well as the impact of World War I on the development of Industrial-Organizational Psychology.