Industrial Microbiology Establishment Organization and Cell Structure
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Questions and Answers

Which type of microorganism is primarily responsible for the pickling of vegetables?

  • Leuconostoc species (correct)
  • Lactobacillus species
  • Aspergillus species
  • Escherichia coli

    • Which characteristic of Actinomycetes is not mentioned in the text?

  • They have branching filamentous hyphae.
  • They have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
  • They can produce secondary metabolites like antibiotics.
  • They are about 1.0-1.5 μm in diameter. (correct)

    • What is the primary industrial use of Rhizopus and Mucor, which are classified as Phycomycetes?

  • Production of antibiotics
  • Production of ethanol
  • Production of enzymes (correct)
  • Production of aflatoxin

    • Which characteristic of industrial microbes is NOT mentioned in the text?

    <p>The organism should be able to produce large quantities of biomass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fungal group is known for producing the antibiotic penicillin?

    <p>Fungi Imperfecti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of microorganisms over plants and animals for industrial applications?

    <p>Microorganisms are not affected by weather conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria is responsible for the incomplete oxidation of alcohol to acetic acid?

    <p>Acetobacter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property of the Acetic Acid Bacteria allows them to thrive in acidic conditions?

    <p>They can stand acid conditions of pH 5.0 or lower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference in cell structure between Acetobacter and Gluconobacter, two Acetic Acid Bacteria?

    <p>Acetobacter are peritrichously flagellated, while Gluconobacter are polarly flagellated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key advantage of using microorganisms for industrial applications compared to plants and animals?

    <p>Microorganisms are subject to the vicissitudes of weather</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of ribosomes in cells?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about the cell walls of prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Lack glycopeptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of cells does the mitochondria play a role in respiration and energy release?

    <p>Eukaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the DNA organization between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

    <p>All DNA in one genome in prokaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which domain is not classified under the three domains of living organisms mentioned in the text?

    <p>Animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about lactic acid bacteria is correct?

    <p>They can be divided into homofermentative and heterofermentative groups based on their fermentation products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is NOT mentioned in the given text?

    <p>Production of ethanol from glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the Firmicutes phylum is correct?

    <p>The Firmicutes phylum contains both spore-forming and non-spore-forming bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following genera is NOT mentioned as belonging to the lactic acid bacteria group?

    <p>Bacillus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the Bacillus genus is correct?

    <p>Bacillus papilliae infects and kills the larvae of beetles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes industrial microbiology from other fields of microbiology?

    <p>The motivation is profit and the generation of wealth through large-scale microbial processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the meaning of 'fermentation' in industrial microbiology?

    <p>All of the above meanings are correct within the context of industrial microbiology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical scale of microorganism cultivation in industrial microbiology processes?

    <p>Microorganisms are cultivated in large-scale fermentors with volumes greater than or equal to 50,000 liters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of industrial microbiology?

    <p>The focus is on understanding the biodiversity of microorganisms in natural environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is NOT considered a type of fermentation in industrial microbiology?

    <p>The release of $CO_2$ gas during the respiration of aerobic microorganisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is most important for an industrial microorganism to maximize profits?

    <p>Ability to produce a consistent product with predictable properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor should be considered when choosing between two microorganisms for product recovery?

    <p>The ease of separating the microorganism from the culture medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does a thermophilic microorganism have in an industrial fermentation process?

    <p>It can outcompete other microorganisms that may contaminate the process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the importance of cell structure in industrial fermentations?

    <p>Cell structure can affect the ease of separating the microorganism from the culture medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is most important when choosing a microorganism for the production of fermented foods?

    <p>Ability to produce a consistent product with predictable properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of lactic acid bacteria is NOT mentioned in the text as desirable for industrial purposes?

    <p>Ability to grow under high pH conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of lactic acid bacteria in industrial applications according to the text?

    <p>Production of stereo specific lactic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Actinobacteria from other Firmicutes according to the text?

    <p>Formation of hyphae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is crucial for the industrial importance of Pediococcus among the Actinobacteria mentioned in the text?

    <p>Special uses in certain water quality monitoring processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sets Lactococcus apart as an industrially important member among the Actinobacteria discussed in the text?

    <p>Special uses in yoghurt manufacture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do lactic acid bacteria differ from Actinobacteria in terms of byproducts production as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Lactic acid bacteria produce negligible byproducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are Actinobacteria considered Firmicutes with G+C content of 50% or higher according to the text?

    <p>High G+C content compared to other Firmicutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes Streptococcus stand out among the Actinobacteria noted in the text?

    <p>Special uses in lambic beer production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is crucial for the growth of Actinobacteria as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Low pH and low temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Microorganisms in Food Preservation and Fermentation

    • Pickling of Vegetables: Lactic acid bacteria are primarily responsible for pickling.
    • Acetic Acid Bacteria: Incomplete oxidation of alcohol to acetic acid is caused by Acetobacter type bacteria.
    • Thermophilic Advantage: Thermophilic microorganisms thrive at higher temperatures, providing efficiency in fermentation processes.

    Industrial Microbiology

    • Rhizopus and Mucor: These Phycomycetes are primarily used in the production of enzymes and fermented foods.
    • Industrial Microbes: The ability to replicate rapidly is a shared characteristic; however, not all characteristics are mentioned.
    • Fermentation Meaning: Fermentation refers to the anaerobic conversion of sugars to acids, gases, or alcohol by microorganisms.

    Bacterial Characteristics and Functions

    • Acetic Acid Bacteria's Acid Tolerance: Acetic Acid Bacteria possess a high resilience to acidic environments, allowing growth in vinegar.
    • Cell Structure Differences: Acetobacter has a different cell wall composition compared to Gluconobacter, influencing their metabolic functions.

    Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

    • Prokaryotic Cell Walls: Prokaryotic cells generally have a peptidoglycan-based cell wall.
    • Mitochondria Function: Only eukaryotic cells utilize mitochondria for respiration and energy release.
    • DNA Organization: Prokaryotic DNA is circular and not enclosed within a nucleus, contrasting with the linear, nucleus-bound DNA in eukaryotes.

    Prokaryotic Domains

    • Undisclosed Domain: A domain not mentioned among the three classifications is Archaea.

    Lactic Acid Bacteria Insights

    • Lactic Acid Characteristics: Desirable traits include being non-pathogenic and producing lactic acid without gas buildup.
    • Firmicutes Correct Statement: Not all bacteria classified under Firmicutes are lactic acid bacteria.
    • Bacillus Genus: Known for producing spores that confer resilience and durability.

    Industrial Applications of Microorganisms

    • Industrial Microbiology Definition: Focuses on microbial processes and products for commercial use, distinguishing it from other microbiology branches.
    • Cultivation Scale: Microorganism cultivation in industrial settings typically occurs on a large scale for mass production.
    • Key Characteristics: High yield and cost-effectiveness are critical for industrial microorganisms.

    Choosing Microorganisms in Industry

    • Product Recovery Factors: Consideration should focus on the microorganism's yield, productivity, and byproduct formation.
    • Fermented Food Production: Selection criteria emphasize flavor production and safety.

    Lactic Acid Bacteria Variability

    • Byproduct Differences: Lactic acid bacteria primarily produce lactic acid, while Actinobacteria may produce other metabolites.
    • Actinobacteria in Firmicutes: Classified based on G+C content, which is 50% or higher.

    Notable Actinobacteria Features

    • Pediococcus Importance: A critical feature for Pediococcus in industry is its ability to produce lactic acid in varied conditions.
    • Lactococcus Distinction: High efficiency in converting carbohydrates to lactic acid sets Lactococcus apart.
    • Streptococcus Characteristics: Known for its carbohydrate fermentation capabilities.

    Growth Conditions for Actinobacteria

    • Growth Condition: A specific nutrient profile is fundamental for the growth of Actinobacteria in industrial settings.

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    Bio 121 Module 1 Industrial Microbiology PDF

    Description

    Learn about the organizational set-up and production process in an industrial microbiology establishment, as well as the nature of cells in living systems such as prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

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