Industrial Instrumentation: Flow Sensors and Metering
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Questions and Answers

What are the reasons for flow metering in industrial instrumentation?

Plant control, custody transfer, filling of containers, energy, mass balancing, and health monitoring of pipelines and equipment.

What are the five types of new flow meters mentioned in the text?

Electromagnetic, Vortex Shedding, Ultrasonic, Tracer, and Swirl.

What is the primary element of a differential pressure meter?

The part of the meter that restricts the fluid flow in the pipeline to produce differential pressure.

What is the function of the secondary element in a differential pressure meter?

<p>To measure the differential pressure produced by the primary element and convert it to usable forces or signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of flow metering in health monitoring of heat exchangers?

<p>To monitor the energy and mass balancing for costing purposes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is flow metering important in filling of containers, stock tanks, and transporters?

<p>To ensure accurate and safe filling of containers and transporters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the total pressure and the static pressure in a nozzle?

<p>The total pressure (P0) is the sum of the static pressure (P) and the dynamic pressure (ρv^2/2).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expression for the flow rate through a nozzle, assuming ideal flow?

<p>Q = A2v2 = A2√(2ΔP/ρ) * (1 - (A2/A1))</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the total pressure and the static pressure in a nozzle?

<p>The total pressure is constant throughout the nozzle, while the static pressure decreases as the velocity increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of compressibility on the flow rate through a nozzle?

<p>For real flow, the flow rate is reduced by the compressibility factor (C), which is less than 1 for compressible fluids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the pressure drop (ΔP) and the velocity change in a nozzle?

<p>ΔP = ρ(v2^2 - v1^2)/2, where v1 and v2 are the initial and final velocities, respectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of discharge coefficient (C) for a Venturi Meter?

<p>0.95 &lt; C &lt; 0.98</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using a Venturi Meter?

<p>Pressure recovery and uses little power</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the drawback of using an Orifice Meter?

<p>Biggest pressure drop and power lost</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical range of discharge coefficient (C) for an Orifice Meter?

<p>0.6 - 0.7</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic equation that represents the principle of conservation of mass in fluid flow?

<p>mass in = mass out</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol commonly used to represent the flow rate in fluid mechanics?

<p></p> Signup and view all the answers

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