Industrial Data Communication Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What type of protocol is TCP?

  • Connection-oriented protocol (correct)
  • Packet-switched protocol
  • Connectionless protocol
  • Stateless protocol
  • What is the primary function of the ARP protocol?

  • To manage IP routing paths
  • To resolve IP addresses to MAC addresses (correct)
  • To establish secure connections
  • To fragment IP packets
  • Which of the following best describes UDP?

  • Connection-oriented but stateless
  • Connection-oriented and reliable
  • Connectionless but reliable
  • Connectionless and unreliable (correct)
  • What does DNS stand for in computer networks?

    <p>Domain Name System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can IP fragmentation be effectively prevented?

    <p>By adjusting the TCP Maximum segment size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does M-ary signify in signal modulation?

    <p>The ability to encode multiple bits per symbol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of modulation is referred to in the context of pulse code modulation?

    <p>Digital signal modulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one primary purpose of digital signal modulation?

    <p>To improve the efficiency of data transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of M-ary signaling, what does 'M' typically represent?

    <p>The number of unique signal levels or states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is essential for a signal to be classified under pulse code modulation?

    <p>Discrete levels of signal representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of communication mode allows for simultaneous two-way communication?

    <p>Full-Duplex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of Half-Duplex communication?

    <p>Walkie-Talkie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In network communication, what is the definition of Unicast routing capability?

    <p>Data delivered to a single device connected to the network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which communication mode is characterized by non-simultaneous two-way communication?

    <p>Half-Duplex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of broadcasting delivers data to all devices connected to a network?

    <p>Broadcast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum size of the data field in a TCP segment?

    <p>65,536 bytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protocols has size limitations associated with it?

    <p>TCP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the number 2^16 in relation to TCP?

    <p>It indicates the maximum size limitation for TCP data fields.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relation between TCP segments and IP packets?

    <p>Both TCP segments and IP packets have size limitations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'encapsulation' refer to in the context of TCP and IP?

    <p>The packaging of data into smaller segments to ensure delivery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one possible consequence of exceeding the size limitation of TCP segments?

    <p>The segment may be fragmented or dropped.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a TCP segment primarily used for?

    <p>To carry user data to the destination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes a limitation facing TCP segments?

    <p>TCP segments may not encapsulate more than 65,536 bytes of data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the address mentioned in the content?

    <p>To send data to all devices within the network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic defines repeaters and hubs as networking devices?

    <p>They are not intelligent networking devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can't repeaters and hubs operate at a device level?

    <p>They transmit data meant for all devices simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the operation of repeaters?

    <p>They regenerate and amplify signals for further transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key limitation of hubs when used in a network?

    <p>They cannot filter traffic between devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What implications do repeaters and hubs have on network traffic?

    <p>They decrease the overall bandwidth available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of network communication do repeaters and hubs primarily function on?

    <p>Data link layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do repeaters and hubs affect network design choices?

    <p>They limit the scalability of the network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Universal Logic Gate?

    <p>A logic gate that can be used to construct all other logic gates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the function of combinational circuits?

    <p>The output is a pure function of present input.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Domain Name System (DNS) serve in computer networks?

    <p>It translates human-readable domain/device names into IP addresses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about sequential circuits?

    <p>They store past input information to influence output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of both NAND and NOR gates?

    <p>They are considered universal logic gates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a parity generator circuit function?

    <p>It generates additional bits for error detection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transmission does the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) facilitate?

    <p>Best-effort and unreliable transmission of data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately distinguishes between combinational and sequential circuits?

    <p>Combinational circuits produce outputs based only on present inputs, unlike sequential circuits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Industrial Data Communication

    • Transmission Modes:

    • Simplex: One-way communication (e.g., television/radio broadcasting)

    • Half-Duplex: Non-simultaneous two-way communication (e.g., walkie-talkie/radiotelephone)

    • Full-Duplex: Simultaneous two-way communication

    • Routing Capabilities:

    • Broadcast: Data sent to all devices on a network

    • Unicast: Data sent to a single device with a unique address

    • Multicast: Data sent to multiple devices

    • Source Coding: Encoding data into binary form, potentially compressing it by removing redundant data.

    • Channel Coding: Introduces redundant data for error detection.

    • Address Resolution Protocol (ARP):

    • Same Network: Sender sends ARP request to all devices on the network.

    • Different Networks: Router issues ARP request to all devices on the recipient's network's network.

    • Private IP Address Space: Reserved IP addresses for use in private networks/local area networks; not accessible via public internet.

    • IP Fragmentation (IPv4): Dividing a TCP segment into multiple IP packets (when TCP or IP packet size is exceeded).

    • Preventing Fragmentation: Using larger TCP and IP packets to avoid segmentation into multiple pieces.

    • ARP (Address Resolution Protocol): Maps IP addresses to MAC (Media Access Control) addresses.

    • TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Connection-oriented, reliable protocol used for data integrity (e.g., web browsing, file transfers).

    • UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Connectionless, faster protocol with lower overhead, used for real-time applications (e.g., video streaming).

    • DNS (Domain Name System): Translates domain names to IP addresses.

    Universal Logic Gate

    • A logic gate that can be used to construct all other logic gates.

    • NAND and NOR are examples of universal logic gates.

    Combinational vs. Sequential Circuits

    • Combinational Circuits: Output depends only on the current inputs.

    • Sequential Circuits: Output depends on current inputs and past inputs.

    Clock Signal vs. Enable Signal

    • Clock Signal: Executes at a fixed interval, controls multiple circuits.

    • Enable Signal: Executes as needed, controls individual circuits.

    Gated Latch vs. Flip-Flop

    • Gated Latch: Stores data when the enable signal is active (asynchronous).

    • Flip-Flop: Stores data when the clock signal changes (synchronous).

    Preset and Clear Inputs

    • Preset: Initialises a circuit to value 1.

    • Clear: Initialises a circuit to value 0.

    Universal Logic Gates

    • NAND and NOR gates are universal logic gates, meaning that any other logic function can be created using combinations of these gates.

    Parity Generation Circuit

    • Circuit that detects if a 3-bit word is odd or even parity.

    Data Encapsulation

    • Packaging data with headers at different communication layers to enable cross-network communication.

    Ethernet Frame Payload

    • Commonly restricted to 1500 bytes (MTU).

    Baseband vs. Broadband Transmission

    • Baseband: Suitable for short distances, one signal per bandwidth.

    • Broadband: Suitable for long distances and high speed, multiple signals per bandwidth.

    Digital vs. Analog Signals

    • Analog: Continuous values, representing real-world phenomena.

    • Digital: Discrete values, using binary format.

    Communication Channel Limitations

    • Not all communication channels are perfect; degradation in signal quality can occur during transmission.

    Physical Topologies

    • Ring Topology: Devices arranged in a circular loop.

    • Mesh Topology: Every device is connected to every other device.

    • Star Topology: Devices are connected to a central device (e.g., hub or switch).

    Network Devices and OSI Layers

    • Switch: Layer 2 (Data Link)

    • Router: Layer 3 (Network)

    • Repeater: Layer 1 (Physical)

    • Bridge: Layer 2 (Data Link)

    • Hub: Layer 1 (Physical)

    Network Address Translation (NAT)

    • Translates private IP addresses to public IP addresses for internet access.

    Text Encoding Schemes

    • UTF-32: Inefficient due to using 32 bits per character, while potentially only 21 bits are needed.

    Audio Sampling Rate

    • Highest practical sampling rate is 44.1 kHz, as it exceeds twice the maximum audible frequency.

    Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)

    • Bit Depth: Number of bits used to encode each sample.

    • Quantization: Mapping sampled analog data to discrete digital values.

    • Quantization Error: Difference between the actual signal and its quantized digital representation.

    Lossy vs Lossless Compression

    • Lossy: Discarding/omitting data for smaller size (not recoverable).

    • Lossless: Encoding more efficiently without data loss (recoverable)

    Modulation and Encoding Techniques

    • Frequency Modulation: Analog data, Analog signal
    • Pulse Code Modulation: Analog data, Digital Signal
    • Phase Shift Keying: Digital data, Discrete Analog Signal
    • Unipolar NRZI: Digital data, Digital Signal

    Universal Logic Gates

    • Logic gates that form the basis for constructing any other logic function

    Self-Clocking Signals

    • Signals that contain timing information, not needing an external clock.

    M-ary Encoding (especially Amplitude Shift Keying)

    • Using multiple amplitude levels to represent more than one bit per symbol.

    Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)

    • Combining Amplitude and Phase modulation to efficiently transmit data with multiple bits per symbol. The technique uses a Constellation diagram.

    Multiplexing

    • Combining multiple signals into a single transmission channel to efficiently use bandwidth.

    Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)

    • Synchronous: Fixed time slots for each channel, not ideal when channels are idle.

    • Statistical: Dynamically assign time slots according to needs, more efficient.

    Code Division Multiplexing (CDM)

    • Distinguishes multiple signals by unique codes within the same frequency band. It spread spectrums in a wireless communications.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of industrial data communication. This quiz covers transmission modes, routing capabilities, coding, and the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). Dive into the concepts of IP addressing and explore how data is managed in networks.

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