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Questions and Answers
Which archaeological site is known as the second largest site of Harappan Civilization?
What significant structure is found in Mohenjodaro?
Who is credited with the discovery of Mohenjodaro?
What type of artifacts were found in the excavations at Harappa?
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What animal was notably absent from the depictions on Harappan seals and terracotta art?
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Which site is known for its advanced drainage system covered with slabs?
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Which site is regarded as a micro-version of Harappa based on planning and material goods?
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What evidence of trade has been found at Lothal?
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Which river is associated with the site of Harappa?
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Which archaeological site is located in the Hanumangarh district of Rajasthan?
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Study Notes
Indus Valley Civilization Artifacts and Sites
- Harappa features a unique stone seal with a unicorn, dating back to 2500 B.C. to 1700 B.C., with similar seals found across the region.
- Various animal symbols and inscriptions adorn these seals, but their writing remains undeciphered.
- Evidence from early archaeological excavations, including Mesopotamian seals, toy carts, and fire altars, enriches our understanding of Harappan culture.
- Depictions on seals and terracotta reflect diverse fauna, though cows are notably absent.
- Mohenjodaro, translated as “Mound of the Dead Men,” lies along the Indus River in current Pakistan, discovered by Rakhal Das Banerjee in 1922.
- The Great Bath of Mohenjodaro reaches a depth of 7 meters and a length of 79 meters, showcasing advanced urban planning with a rectangular layout.
Major Archaeological Sites
- Dholavira, the second largest Harappan site, is located in the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, excavated in 1990-91 by R.S. Bisht and his team.
- Lothal is considered a micro version of Mohenjodaro and reveals significant evidence of traders and artisans, including beads and shell makers.
- Kalibangan, in Rajasthan's Hanumangarh district, contributes insights into advanced drainage systems, which were covered and progressive for the era.
- Evidence of trade, internal and external, has been corroborated by findings from numerous sites such as Harappa, Lothal, and Ropar, among others.
Agriculture and Early Settlements
- Mehrgarh, in Balochistan, Pakistan, provides evidence of wheat cultivation dating to around 7000 B.C.
- The oldest rice evidence found near the River Belan, Allahabad, dates back to 6500 B.C.
- Cultural artifacts, including Ochre-Coloured Pottery (OCP), known for its distinctive ochre color and worn edges, have been discovered in various locations, including Atranjikhera and Hastinapur.
Archaeological Research
- The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), established in 1871, plays a crucial role in the research and protection of India's cultural heritage.
- The Burzahom site in Kashmir reveals prehistoric settlements, with human and animal skeletons exhibiting trepanning marks, indicating sophisticated burial practices.
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Description
Explore the fascinating artifacts and archaeological sites of the Indus Valley Civilization, including unique seals and urban planning achievements. This quiz delves into the culture, significant sites like Harappa and Mohenjodaro, and the mysteries of their undeciphered writing.
