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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the absolute pressure controller?
What is the main function of the absolute pressure controller?
Which controller prevents the upper deck pressure from increasing too rapidly?
Which controller prevents the upper deck pressure from increasing too rapidly?
How does pressure cooling occur in an aircraft engine?
How does pressure cooling occur in an aircraft engine?
What is the function of baffles and deflectors in an aircraft engine's cooling system?
What is the function of baffles and deflectors in an aircraft engine's cooling system?
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During ground operations, what position are cowl flaps typically in?
During ground operations, what position are cowl flaps typically in?
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The differential pressure controller is responsible for monitoring what aspect of engine performance?
The differential pressure controller is responsible for monitoring what aspect of engine performance?
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What are the primary types of cooling systems mentioned for engines?
What are the primary types of cooling systems mentioned for engines?
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What role does the density controller play in the cooling system?
What role does the density controller play in the cooling system?
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What is the main advantage of a supercharged induction system?
What is the main advantage of a supercharged induction system?
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What is the primary source of power for a turbocharger?
What is the primary source of power for a turbocharger?
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How does the density of a fluid affect its rate of evaporation?
How does the density of a fluid affect its rate of evaporation?
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What role does the wastegate actuator play in a turbocharger control system?
What role does the wastegate actuator play in a turbocharger control system?
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Which statement describes a disadvantage of supercharged induction systems?
Which statement describes a disadvantage of supercharged induction systems?
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What is the main advantage of a pump-fed fuel system in low wing aircraft?
What is the main advantage of a pump-fed fuel system in low wing aircraft?
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Which component is NOT typically part of a battery ignition system?
Which component is NOT typically part of a battery ignition system?
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What is turbo lag in the context of turbocharged induction systems?
What is turbo lag in the context of turbocharged induction systems?
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What is the function of an automatic control system in a turbocharger?
What is the function of an automatic control system in a turbocharger?
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What phenomenon can occur during high altitude operations that affects ignition systems?
What phenomenon can occur during high altitude operations that affects ignition systems?
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What does the critical altitude refer to in a turbocharged engine?
What does the critical altitude refer to in a turbocharged engine?
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In a high tension magneto ignition system, what happens before the voltage reaches the distributor?
In a high tension magneto ignition system, what happens before the voltage reaches the distributor?
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What is the primary function of the main metering system in a carburetor?
What is the primary function of the main metering system in a carburetor?
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What is one possible consequence of flashover in an ignition system?
What is one possible consequence of flashover in an ignition system?
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Which system continuously adjusts the fuel/air mixture during flight?
Which system continuously adjusts the fuel/air mixture during flight?
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Which type of ignition system typically includes a rotating permanent magnet?
Which type of ignition system typically includes a rotating permanent magnet?
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What is a possible risk of using a lean mixture in high-performance aircraft engines?
What is a possible risk of using a lean mixture in high-performance aircraft engines?
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In the magnetic circuit of a magneto, what is the full register position?
In the magnetic circuit of a magneto, what is the full register position?
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Which component is essential in the primary circuit of a magneto ignition system?
Which component is essential in the primary circuit of a magneto ignition system?
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Which type of economizer uses an enrichment metering jet that works parallel with the main metering jet?
Which type of economizer uses an enrichment metering jet that works parallel with the main metering jet?
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What type of acceleration system provides an immediate boost of fuel to the carburetor?
What type of acceleration system provides an immediate boost of fuel to the carburetor?
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What is the main limitation of carburetors associated with manifold design?
What is the main limitation of carburetors associated with manifold design?
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Which type of mixture control restricts the amount of fuel by only the main metering jet?
Which type of mixture control restricts the amount of fuel by only the main metering jet?
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What does the power-enrichment system do at maximum operating power?
What does the power-enrichment system do at maximum operating power?
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What is a characteristic of synthetic oils in lubrication systems?
What is a characteristic of synthetic oils in lubrication systems?
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Which type of oil system has all oil stored in an oil reservoir?
Which type of oil system has all oil stored in an oil reservoir?
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What is a function of the pressure relief valve in lubrication systems?
What is a function of the pressure relief valve in lubrication systems?
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Which lubricants are specifically formulated to provide protection under high loads?
Which lubricants are specifically formulated to provide protection under high loads?
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What type of lubrication system primarily uses an engine-driven pump?
What type of lubrication system primarily uses an engine-driven pump?
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Which type of oil contains dispersants to prevent sludge formation and is commonly used in reciprocating engines?
Which type of oil contains dispersants to prevent sludge formation and is commonly used in reciprocating engines?
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What is a drawback of using a wet sump lubrication system?
What is a drawback of using a wet sump lubrication system?
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In a full flow filter system, how much oil is filtered during circulation?
In a full flow filter system, how much oil is filtered during circulation?
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Study Notes
Induction Systems
- Supercharged Induction Systems utilize an engine-driven air pump (supercharger) to increase manifold pressure, resulting in a denser fuel/air mixture and more power.
- The supercharger is directly connected to the crankshaft, offsetting some power due to its operation.
- Supercharged induction systems are advantageous for takeoff due to improved performance at altitude but suffer from reduced efficiency and increased risk of detonation.
- Turbocharger Induction Systems use exhaust gases to drive a turbine that compresses intake air, achieving a similar effect to a supercharger with better efficiency.
- Turbochargers can be manually controlled by a mechanical linkage between the throttle valve and the wastegate valve.
- Automatic Control Systems utilize a wastegate actuator, an absolute pressure controller, a pressure-ratio controller, a rate-of-change controller, an exhaust bypass valve assembly, a differential pressure controller, and a density controller to manage turbocharger operation.
Cooling Systems
- Air Cooling relies on ambient air to reduce engine temperatures.
- Cooling fins increase surface area for heat transfer to the surrounding airflow.
- Pressure Cooling utilizes the ram effect to increase cooling air pressure.
- Baffles and deflectors direct airflow for optimal cooling effectiveness.
- Cowl flaps control the amount of cooling air entering the engine.
Carburetor System
- Main metering system delivers fuel to the engine based on its speed.
- An idling system provides fuel at idle speed.
- Mixture control allows the pilot to adjust the fuel/air mixture through either a variable orifice, back suction, or automatic system.
- Acceleration systems provide additional fuel for quick power increases.
- Power-enrichment/economizer systems help cool the engine and provide a leaner mixture at cruise power.
- Limitations of Carburetor Systems include uneven fuel/air distribution to cylinders and difficulties in achieving precise fuel/air ratios for high-performance engines.
Fuel Systems
- Pump-Fed Fuel Systems are commonly employed in low-wing aircraft.
- They are dependent on pumps and use redundant components (primary and backup) to ensure reliable operation.
- Gravity-Fed Fuel Systems utilize gravity to deliver fuel to the engine.
Ignition Systems
- Battery Ignition Systems consist of a battery, ignition coil, breaker points, cam, capacitor, distributor, and spark plugs.
- Ignition coils increase voltage to create a spark in each cylinder.
- Capacitors store electrical energy.
- Distributors direct high-voltage current from the ignition coil to the spark plugs.
- Magneto Ignition Systems utilize permanent magnet alternating current generators.
- Low-Tension Magnetos produce low-voltage pulses and use transformers for high voltage.
- High-Tension Magnetos use a rotating magnet to induce voltage into an ignition coil, stepping up the voltage before distribution to spark plugs.
- Flashover can occur at high altitudes, causing sparks to jump to incorrect electrodes and leading to carbon tracking.
Magneto Circuits
- The Magnetic Circuit includes rotating permanent magnets, pole shoes, and a coil core.
- The strength of the magnetic field varies with the position of the magnet.
- The Primary Circuit consists of the primary winding of the magneto coil, breaker points, and a capacitor.
Lubrication Systems
- Mineral-based oil is generally more chemically stable than vegetable oil.
- Straight Mineral Oil is specifically used in new or overhauled engines, lacking additives and having a high tendency to oxidize at high temperatures.
- Ashless-Dispersant Oils are the most common type for reciprocating engines, containing dispersants to prevent sludge buildup.
- Multiviscosity Oils address single viscosity oil drawbacks and can be used at a wider temperature range.
- Synthetic Oils have multiviscosity properties and contain chemical additives, di-esters, low internal friction, and high resistance to thermal breakdown.
- Extreme Pressure Lubricants like hypoid lubricants are designed for high-load protection.
- Pressure Lubrication is the primary method, using engine-driven pumps.
- Splash Lubrication is effective for engines with oil stored in the crankcase.
- Spray Lubrication uses pressurized oil with a spray nozzle.
Types of Oil Systems
- Wet Sump System stores all oil in the crankcase, having simple construction but limited oil capacity and poor cooling.
- Dry Sump System places oil in a separate reservoir, enabling larger capacity, easier cooling, and the use of a scavenge pump.
Lubrication System Components
- Oil Reservoir stores the oil.
- Scupper Drain catches oil overflows.
- Oil Pumps push oil through the system. Types include gear pumps, scavenge pumps, and gerotor pumps.
- Pressure Relief Valve maintains oil pressure.
- Oil Filter removes solid particles from the oil.
- Full Flow Filter System filters all oil every time it circulates.
- Partial Flow System filters only a portion of the oil.
- Oil Cooler removes excess heat from the oil.
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Description
This quiz explores the various induction systems used in aviation, particularly focusing on supercharged and turbocharged systems. Understand their mechanisms, advantages, and controls, along with their impact on performance and efficiency. Test your knowledge about how these systems function and their applications.
