Individualism vs. Collectivism
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Questions and Answers

Which principle emphasizes the importance of laws applying equally to everyone?

  • Private Property
  • Rule of Law (correct)
  • Self-Interest
  • Economic Freedom

What is a key principle of collectivism that focuses on the group's needs over individual desires?

  • Economic Freedom
  • Private Property
  • Responsibility (Collective) (correct)
  • Individual Rights and Freedoms

According to John Locke, what is the basis for a government's power?

  • Strong military control
  • Natural superiority
  • Divine right
  • Consent of the people (correct)

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to shaping an individual's beliefs?

<p>Government policy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Hobbes believe is necessary to avoid chaos and conflict?

<p>Strong government (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle from individualism encourages innovation and economic growth?

<p>Competition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Rousseau believe about the nature of humans?

<p>Humans are naturally good but corrupted by society (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle advocates for the ownership of resources by the community or state?

<p>Public Property (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Prime Minister in Canada?

<p>Leads the government (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic defines a social democracy?

<p>Combined democratic principles with social welfare programs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms primarily guarantee?

<p>Individual rights while balancing collective needs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Canadian Multiculturalism Act?

<p>It recognizes the rights of cultural groups to preserve their heritage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expectation of citizens in a democracy regarding the law?

<p>Obey the law as a basic requirement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What form of citizen action involves non-violent resistance?

<p>Civil disobedience (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which movement was Martin Luther King Jr. primarily associated with?

<p>Civil Rights Movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of responsible citizenship regarding the environment?

<p>Maintaining cultural landmarks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle did John Stuart Mill advocate regarding individual freedom?

<p>Freedom is acceptable unless it harms others. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which economic system emphasizes minimal government involvement with private ownership?

<p>Free-Market Economy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Factory Acts in Britain primarily aim to address?

<p>Child labor and poor working conditions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Adam Smith play in the development of economic thought?

<p>Advocated for laissez-faire economics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a referendum and a plebiscite?

<p>A referendum is a binding vote by citizens on a specific issue. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one outcome of the Indian Act of 1876 in Canada?

<p>Government control over Indigenous peoples' lives and land. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reforms focused on improving the lives of workers in the 19th century?

<p>Sadler Committee Report (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the shift from classical liberalism to modern liberalism?

<p>Greater government intervention to address social inequalities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines an authoritarian political system?

<p>Power is concentrated in one leader or group. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a primary criticism of neo-conservative policies in governance?

<p>They resulted in greater inequality. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes egalitarianism?

<p>Everyone should achieve equal outcomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does illiberalism embody in a political context?

<p>Restriction of individual rights for the collective good. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant impact of the 2011 Arab Spring?

<p>Overthrew dictators but caused instability in many regions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Mine Act aim to address in industrial Britain?

<p>Regulate working conditions and safety in mines. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily characterizes the left end of the political spectrum?

<p>Support for economic equality and government control of resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a command economy?

<p>Emphasizes government control over resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the Industrial Revolution?

<p>Economic growth alongside worker exploitation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Karl Marx and Frederick Engels advocate in The Communist Manifesto?

<p>A classless society with shared wealth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key feature of the New Deal introduced by FDR during the Great Depression?

<p>Establishment of social security for the elderly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ideology combines elements of socialism with democratic principles?

<p>Democratic Socialism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major event did the Cuban Missile Crisis represent during the Cold War?

<p>A confrontation that nearly escalated to nuclear war (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of the Truman Doctrine?

<p>To contain communism and support free peoples (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Great Depression on classical liberalism?

<p>It indicated the need for strong government intervention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the welfare state from other economic systems?

<p>Provision of extensive social programs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the right end of the political spectrum?

<p>Emphasis on limited government and traditional values (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of fascism as exemplified in Nazi Germany?

<p>Utilization of propaganda and repression of opposition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the key focus of Keynesian economics during economic downturns?

<p>Suggesting increased government spending to boost demand (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of societal structure prioritizes public good over individual rights?

<p>Collectivist (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Individualism

The belief that individual rights and freedoms are more important than the needs of the group.

Collectivism

The idea that the group's needs and goals are prioritized over individual desires.

Private Property (Individualism)

The right to own land, businesses, and goods without government interference.

Public Property (Collectivism)

Resources are owned by the community or state.

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Rule of Law (Individualism)

Laws that apply equally to everyone, ensuring fairness and protecting individual rights.

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Collective Responsibility (Collectivism)

Individuals working together to support everyone's well-being.

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Individual Rights and Freedoms (Individualism)

The right to freedom of speech, religion, and choice.

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Interests of the Group (Collectivism)

The group's needs come before individual desires.

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Direct Democracy

A system where citizens directly participate in decision-making, ensuring the will of the majority prevails.

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Political Spectrum

Represents a range of political beliefs, from left-leaning (emphasizing equality) to right-leaning (favoring tradition and limited government).

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Command Economy

An economic system where the government heavily controls resources and industries.

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Free Market Economy

An economic system driven by private ownership, free markets, and minimal government intervention.

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Security vs. Privacy

A system where the government protects citizens from harm without infringing on their personal liberties and data.

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Industrial Revolution

A period of rapid industrial growth in the 18th and 19th centuries, marked by factories and urbanization.

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The Communist Manifesto

A document advocating for a classless society achieved through a worker revolution and the overthrow of capitalism.

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Liberal Democracies

Democracies that emphasize individual liberties and representative government, often with a constitution.

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Labour Unions

Organizations that advocate for worker rights, fair wages, and safe working conditions.

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Welfare State

A government that offers extensive social programs, like healthcare and pensions, to ensure a basic standard of living for citizens.

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The Great Depression

A global economic crisis in the 1930s, characterized by unemployment, bank failures, and widespread poverty.

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The New Deal

A series of programs introduced by Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression to stimulate the economy and provide relief.

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Keynesian Economics

A school of economic thought that advocates for government intervention, especially during economic downturns.

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Representative Democracy

A system where citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf, with the president as the head of state.

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Parliamentary Democracy & Constitutional Monarchy

A form of government where the Prime Minister leads the government, and the monarch (King/Queen) serves as the ceremonial head of state.

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Social Democracies

Countries that combine democratic principles with extensive social welfare programs, aiming for a more equitable society.

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Fascism

A political ideology promoting authoritarianism, racism, and nationalism, rejecting liberal principles.

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Balancing Individual and Collective Rights

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees individual rights like freedom of speech and religion while balancing the needs of the collective.

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Canadian Multiculturalism

The Canadian Multiculturalism Act recognizes the rights of all cultural groups to preserve their heritage within Canada's liberal framework.

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Political Participation

Engaging in voting, protests, or other civic activities to shape society.

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Political Apathy

Choosing not to engage in political activities, which can lead to reduced influence over government policies.

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Authoritarian System

A system of governance where ultimate power is held by one person or a small group, often with restricted rights for citizens.

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Separation of Powers

A system of governance where power is distributed among different branches, typically with checks and balances to prevent tyranny.

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Classical Liberalism

A philosophy advocating for individual liberty and limited government intervention in the economy.

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Modern Liberalism

A political philosophy advocating for social justice and economic equality, often through government intervention.

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Harm Principle

A political philosophy emphasizing the importance of individual freedom, allowing actions as long as they do not harm others.

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Referendum

A system of government where citizens directly vote on specific policies and laws.

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Plebiscite

A non-binding vote conducted to gauge public opinion on a particular issue.

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First-Past-the-Post System

An electoral system where the candidate with the most votes wins, even if they don't have a majority.

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Proportional Representation System

A system of government where the number of seats in parliament is proportional to the percentage of votes each party receives.

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Assimilation

A policy or practice aimed at erasing Indigenous cultures and assimilating them into dominant society.

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Interventionist Economy

A system of government where the government actively intervenes in the economy to regulate markets, provide public services, and address wealth inequalities.

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Democracy

A system of government where citizens have a say in governance through voting and political participation.

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Illiberalism

A situation where individual rights are restricted by the government in the name of security or common good.

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Study Notes

Individualism vs. Collectivism

  • Individualism prioritizes individual rights and freedoms over the group. Its principles include private property, rule of law, individual rights, competition, economic freedom, and self-interest.
  • Collectivism focuses on the needs and goals of the group. Its principles include public property, collective responsibility, group interests, norms, cooperation, and economic equality.

Factors Shaping Ideology

  • Family: Values and attitudes learned from parents and guardians.
  • Culture: Societal traditions, customs, and experiences.
  • Religion: Moral or spiritual teachings.
  • Environment: Living conditions, economic factors, and surroundings.
  • Media: Information from TV, social media, and news.
  • Peers: Influence from friends and social circles.

Historical Philosophers

  • Thomas Hobbes: Believed freedom leads to chaos and advocated for strong government for security.
  • John Locke: Supported natural rights (life, liberty, property) and limited government with popular consent.
  • Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Believed humans are naturally good but corrupted by society, supporting direct democracy.

Political and Economic Spectrums

  • Political Spectrum: Ranges from left (e.g., socialism, favoring economic equality) to center (e.g., liberalism, supporting freedoms and some government involvement) to right (e.g., conservatism, emphasizing tradition and limited government).
  • Economic Spectrum: Varies from a command economy (government control) to a free market economy (private ownership and minimal intervention), with mixed economies in between.

Security vs. Privacy

  • Security prioritizes protecting citizens from harm, potentially through surveillance.
  • Privacy safeguards personal freedom and data.

The Industrial Revolution

  • The rise of factories and urbanization in the 18th and 19th centuries led to economic growth and societal changes.
  • Workers faced exploitation, child labor, and poor conditions, sparking demands for labor rights.

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

  • Advocated for a classless society with shared wealth and the end of capitalism.

Liberal Democracies

  • Emerged from historical events like the French and American Revolutions advocating for equality and freedoms.

Labor Unions

  • Organizations advocating for worker rights and fair treatment.

Welfare Capitalism

  • Business owners implemented benefits (better wages, shorter hours) to avoid labor unrest.

The Welfare State

  • A government providing extensive social programs (healthcare, pensions).

Socialism vs. Classical Liberalism

  • The Great Depression highlighted the weaknesses of classical liberalism's laissez-faire approach.

Franklin D. Roosevelt and The New Deal

  • Implemented programs to provide jobs, regulate markets, and establish social security during the Great Depression.

John Maynard Keynes

  • Advocated for government spending to boost economies during recessions.

Democratic Socialism

  • Combines socialist ideas with democratic practices. Examples include Norway, Sweden, and Denmark.

Welfare State in Canada

  • Tommy Douglas and Pierre Trudeau expanded social programs to address poverty and inequality.

Socialism in Québec

  • The Quiet Revolution modernized the Quebec economy and reduced Church influence.

Rejection of Liberalism (Shifting ideologies)

  • Radical responses (far left): Marxism, Leninism, and Stalinism.
  • Reactionary responses (far right): Nazi Fascism, characteristic by extreme traditional values, rejection of equality, and authoritarian control.

Cold War

  • A political and ideological conflict between the U.S. (capitalism) and the Soviet Union (communism).
  • Key events include the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences, the formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact, and proxy wars (Korea, Vietnam).

Liberalism's Evolution and Roots

  • Haudenosaunee Confederacy: Indigenous system emphasizing collective decision-making.
  • Mercantilism vs. Capitalism: Government-controlled trade versus individual-controlled markets.
  • Liberalism's Philosophers: Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill, Montesquieu, Voltaire.

Modern Liberalism

  • Emerged in response to classical liberalism's inequalities by advocating for government intervention for fairness.

Robert Owen/Social Reform

  • A social reformer who advocated for cooperative communities and worker welfare.

State Intervention and Laissez Faire

  • Governments regulated businesses, created public services, and addressed wealth inequalities.

Imposing Liberalism

  • Assimilation policies: Policies to integrate Indigenous cultures.
  • Failed interventions: Attempts to implement liberal democracies in Afghanistan and Iraq faced challenges.

Challenging Liberalism

  • Aboriginal self-governance: Indigenous demand for traditional governance.
  • Environmentalism: Conflicts between economic growth and sustainable practices.
  • Economic extremism/inequality: Challenges to fairness in free-market systems.

Economic and Political Systems

  • Egalitarianism vs. Equal Opportunity: Different approaches to achieving equality.
  • Command Economy: Government control of resources.
  • Mixed Economy: Combining free market and government intervention.
  • Free-Market Economy: Private ownership and minimal government involvement.
  • Authoritarian vs. Democracy: Different power structures.
  • Referendums, Plebiscites: Methods for citizen opinion and decision-making.
  • Political systems: US, Canada, Social Democracies, Cuba, Nazi Germany.

Illiberalism

  • Governments restricting individual rights for the collective good.
  • Examples: War Measures Act, anti-terrorism legislation.

Political Participation and Apathy

  • Understanding citizen action (participation or apathy).

Citizenship Responsibilities

  • Citizen actions like obeying the law, expressing opinions, serving on juries, voting, helping others, addressing discrimination, protecting heritage, and environmental care.

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Description

Explore the key principles of individualism and collectivism in this quiz. Understand how factors such as family, culture, religion, and media can shape these ideologies. Reflect on historical philosophers like Hobbes and Locke to deepen your comprehension.

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