Ideology and Economic Systems Quiz

A set of beliefs, values, and ideas that guide an individual's or group's understanding of the world and their place in it.

The shared beliefs, values, and practices that create a sense of belonging for a group of people.

The system of economic theory that emphasizes individual initiative, competition, and limited government intervention in the market.

A political philosophy that emphasizes the importance of individual rights, freedoms, and limited government.

The belief that individuals are ultimately responsible for their own well-being and should not rely on government assistance.

A concept that prioritizes the collective good over individual interests and emphasizes social responsibility.

A system where economic activity is largely free from government regulation, allowing for the free exchange of goods and services.

The belief that individuals are fundamentally rational and capable of self-governance.

A set of beliefs and values that shape a person's understanding of the world and their place in it.

The belief that individuals are responsible for their own well-being and should not rely on government assistance.

The belief that the collective good of society is more important than individual interests and values.

A belief system that advocates for moderate, incremental change through government intervention.

The unique qualities, beliefs, and values that make a person who they are.

The shared beliefs, values, and practices that create a sense of belonging for a group of people.

The way people interpret and understand historical events, which can influence their beliefs and values.

The visions of a better future held by different ideologies, guiding the actions of those who embrace them.

The structures and institutions that organize a society, such as political, economic, and social systems.

Beliefs about the inherent nature of human beings, whether good or bad. These beliefs influence the development of various ideologies.

The strong sense of belonging to a specific nation, often based on shared culture, history, and traditions.

The division of a society into different groups based on wealth, income, or social status.

The relationship between humans and the environment, often encompassing a belief in protecting the Earth's resources.

A set of ideologies emphasizing individual liberty, free markets, and limited government intervention.

A collection of ideologies that prioritize the collective good over individual interests, often advocating for social equality and cooperation.

A system of government that aims to control all aspects of public and private life, suppressing individual freedoms and dissent. It often involves a single-party state, propaganda, and the use of terror.

The systematic and widespread persecution of a particular group of people based on their race, ethnicity, or religion. It often involves violence, discrimination, and the denial of basic human rights.

A political ideology that emphasizes the collective good over individual interests and calls for a strong state to control the economy and society. It often involves centralized planning, government ownership, and the abolition of private property.

The use of violence, intimidation, and propaganda to seize and maintain power, often by a charismatic leader who appeals to nationalism and fear.

The practice of spreading biased or misleading information to manipulate public opinion and promote a particular ideology or cause.

A sudden, widespread withdrawal of funds from a bank, often triggered by fear of instability or failure. This can lead to a bank's collapse.

A period of economic stagnation combined with high inflation, characterized by slow growth, high unemployment, and rising prices. A tough situation for governments to manage.

The belief that the government should intervene in the economy to regulate markets, address imbalances, and promote social welfare, using tools like taxes, spending, and regulation.

A political system where a single party holds absolute power and controls all aspects of government. It often involves suppression of dissent and the use of propaganda.

The process by which people are taught to accept an ideology, values, and beliefs as their own, often through education, propaganda, and social pressure. It shapes how individuals think and act.

A political ideology that aims to restore a former state of affairs, often rejecting current social and political trends. It can be seen as a reaction against change.

The systematic application of biological principles to improve the human population by selective breeding or other methods, often based on racist or discriminatory assumptions.

The idea that every individual is equal before the law, regardless of their position or power.

The ability for individuals to make choices about their economic activities, such as buying, selling, and investing, with minimal government intervention in the market.

Adam Smith's belief that competition drives efficiency and allows only the best producers to succeed, while individual self-interest ultimately benefits everyone.

A policy of government intervention intended to reduce wealth inequality by using taxation and redistribution programs to ensure a fairer distribution of resources.

The principle of working together to achieve common goals, often seen in cooperatives and other collaborative initiatives.

Property owned and managed by the state or community, intended to be used for the collective benefit of society. Examples include public parks, schools, and government institutions.

Interests that members of a group share and work collectively to pursue, often through lobby groups, NGOs, and other organizations.

The idea that a whole group is responsible for the actions of its individual members. This concept can be used to create awareness about social issues or to enforce conformity within a society.

The adherence to expected norms and behaviors in a society, including social customs, dress codes, and communication styles.

The balance between individual freedoms and collective responsibility, where individual liberties are respected while striving to protect the common good of society.

The economic activity between Aboriginal peoples and European settlers involving the hunting and trading of furs, contributing to economic development and cultural exchange.

An ideology that emphasizes personal freedom, limited government, and free-market capitalism. It advocates for individual autonomy and minimal government intervention in economic and personal affairs.

The idea that individuals give up some of their freedoms to a governing body in exchange for order and protection of their rights and property. This contract is based on the principle that citizens voluntarily agree to be governed in exchange for the benefits of a stable society.

An economic system characterized by free markets, minimal government intervention, and a focus on competition, consumerism, and profit-motivated producers. It emphasizes the natural laws of the market and the principle of the 'invisible hand' - where individual self-interest benefits the whole economy.

The idea that the government should be divided into three branches: the executive, legislative, and judicial, each with distinct powers and responsibilities. This system aims to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful and ensure a balance of power.

A period of intellectual and cultural flourishing marked by scientific discoveries, artistic innovations, and a new emphasis on reason and individual freedom. It challenged traditional authority and led to the development of new ideas about government and society.

The process by which aboriginal groups strive to gain the ability to make their own laws and decisions, become self-governing, and control their own destinies.

An act passed in 1876 by the Canadian government that aimed to assimilate aboriginal people into mainstream white Canadian culture. It stripped indigenous people of their rights and freedoms and imposed a colonial system on them.

A response by the National Indian Brotherhood (now the AFN) to the Canadian government’s assimilation policies of the White Paper. The Red Paper advocated for a return to traditional land ownership, treaty rights, and indigenous self-governance.

A French aristocrat and political satirist who advocated for checks and balances in government and the principle of the separation of powers. He believed in equal treatment for all citizens and a government accountable to its people.

An English philosopher who believed that humans are inherently selfish and require a strong sovereign to maintain order and prevent societal chaos. His ideas were shaped by the English Civil War and emphasized the need for a powerful state to control human nature.

Early trade relationships between buyers and sellers demonstrating mutual benefit and illustrating the concept of economic exchange.

A system of economic thought that emphasizes the benefits of free trade, limited government intervention, and individual initiative in economic affairs.

The practice by the Canadian government of forcing indigenous children into residential schools, separating them from their families and cultures, and attempting to assimilate them into European Canadian society.

A philosophical concept where individuals surrender certain freedoms to a sovereign power in exchange for security and order.

A political ideology that emphasizes individual rights, freedoms, and limited government intervention. It believes in reason, individual responsibility, and self-governance.

A philosophical concept arguing that individuals are born good, but society corrupts them. It emphasizes the importance of the common good and direct democracy.

An English philosopher who opposed absolute authority and advocated for individual self-reliance and limited government. He believed in natural rights and a social contract where individuals give up some rights for social order.

A philosopher who believed that the state should protect individual freedom and that limits on freedom should only exist to protect the liberties of others. He advocated for free speech and freedom of the press.

A political movement that emerged in 19th century Britain, advocating for greater political representation and social rights for working-class people. They demanded universal suffrage, secret ballots, and annual elections.

A political philosophy that emphasizes the power of the state and the need for strong leadership to maintain order and security. It often argues for a centralized authority and limited individual freedom.

The idea that individuals are fundamentally rational and capable of making decisions based on reason and logic. It often contrasts with faith-based beliefs.

A historical period marked by rapid technological innovation and industrial growth, particularly in Great Britain, which transformed society from agrarian to industrial.

A concept that describes the idea that only the strong will survive and that the weak will be eliminated in natural selection. In economic terms, it suggests that only the hardest working will succeed.

A system where economic activity is largely free from government regulation, allowing for the free exchange of goods and services, with limited government intervention.

A group of workers who protested against the mechanization of labour and the destruction of traditional crafts by smashing machines during the Industrial Revolution. They were known for their violent resistance to new technology and their desire to return to old ways.

An economic system where the government intervenes to regulate markets and promote social welfare, while still allowing for private ownership and capitalism.

A period of severe economic decline characterized by high unemployment, reduced consumer spending, and failures of businesses and banks.

An economic theory developed by John Maynard Keynes, advocating government intervention to stabilize the economy through fiscal and monetary policies.

Government-owned and operated businesses that provide services and create employment, sometimes competing with the private sector.

Financial assistance provided by the government to businesses that are struggling to survive, aiming to maintain competition and employment.

A system where all members of society have equal access to medical care, regardless of their income or wealth.

Regular fluctuations in economic activity, characterized by periods of expansion (booms) and contraction (recessions) over a long-term growth trend.

A series of programs initiated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression, aimed at providing relief, recovery, and reform. It involved public works programs to create jobs and regulate the economy.

Transfers of money from the federal government to provinces, aiming to reduce financial disparities between richer and poorer regions.

The central bank's control over interest rates to influence the economy. It affects borrowing and lending.

A type of mixed economy where the government plays a significant role in regulating markets and providing social welfare.

The economic and social changes that occurred during the Great Depression, leading to the rise of the welfare state and modern liberalism.

Spending by the government on social welfare programs, such as healthcare, pensions, and unemployment insurance.

The economist who advocated for government intervention to stimulate demand during recessions, and who is credited with promoting the idea of the welfare state.

A Keynesian economist who argued for reducing income inequality and promoting public education.

A government's use of its budget (taxes and spending) to influence economic activity, aiming to combat recession (high unemployment) or inflation. Examples include increasing spending during a recession, or raising taxes during inflationary periods.

The belief that political and social change should be achieved through a gradual, incremental approach, often through government action. Supporters seek progress and improvement through a series of steps.

A political position that favors a middle ground between extremes, often supporting government intervention in some instances and individual freedom in others. They aim for balance and compromise, avoiding radical stances.

A political philosophy advocating for the equality of men and women in all areas of life. It seeks to challenge and dismantle societal structures and attitudes that perpetuate gender inequality.

A political ideology advocating for a violent revolution to achieve a classless society with state ownership of property. It aims to overthrow the capitalist system and create a society based on collective ownership and equality.

An economic system where the government controls all aspects of the economy, including production, distribution, and pricing. It abolishes private ownership and centralizes decision-making about resource allocation.

The period before the Russian Revolution of 1917, characterized by social, economic, and political complexities. The era saw widespread poverty, lack of political representation, and social unrest, sparking calls for change. This dissatisfaction ultimately contributed to the rise of the Bolsheviks.

The first economic policy of the Soviet Union under Lenin, emphasizing centralized control and abolishing private property. It aimed to prioritize the war effort and ensure resource distribution. However, it ultimately failed, leading to famine and revolt.

Lenin's second economic policy, introduced in 1921, to revive the USSR's economy after war communism failed. It allowed for limited capitalism, with private ownership of land and businesses. This allowed for economic recovery, but also created a wealthy peasant class.

Stalin's economic policy, implemented in the 1920s and 1930s, aiming to rapidly industrialize the USSR. It focused on heavy industry and centralized planning, using five-year plans. Despite some success, it led to shortages of consumer goods and severe social costs.

Stalin's economic policy to eliminate private land ownership and consolidate farms into state-controlled collective farms, known as kolkhozes. It aimed to increase agricultural production but ultimately led to famine, resistance, and significant social unrest.

The systematic elimination of Jews and other minority groups by the Nazis based on their belief in Aryan racial superiority.

Laws passed in 1935 that declared Jews subhuman and stripped them of basic rights, including voting and holding public office. It also banned marriage between Jews and Germans.

An event on November 9th, 1938, where Nazi-led attacks on Jewish communities in Germany resulted in widespread destruction and violence. It's named for the shattered glass littering the streets.

The Nazi plan for the systematic extermination of Jews, often involving forced labor and death camps.

The Nazi justification for the Holocaust, claiming Jews took up too much space and that Germans needed 'living space' for expansion.

The intentional and systematic spread of biased information by the Nazi regime to shape public opinion.

Programs in Nazi Germany aimed at indoctrinating children with National Socialist ideals, fostering loyalty to Hitler and a belief in Aryan supremacy.

A period of intense rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II, characterized by political, economic, and ideological tensions.

A conference held in 1945 where Allied leaders (Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill) discussed postwar arrangements, including the division of Germany into zones of occupation.

A meeting in 1945, following Yalta, where the new 'Big Three' (Stalin, Truman, and Atlee) discussed post-war Germany and the war against Japan. It worsened tensions between the US and USSR.

The expansion of territorial and ideological influence beyond a country's borders, often with the aim of creating spheres of influence.

A period of intense anti-communist sentiment in the United States following World War II, marked by Senator Joseph McCarthy's accusations of communists infiltrating government and society.

An American policy initiated in 1947 to provide economic and military aid to Greece and Turkey, aimed at preventing Soviet expansion and containing communism.

The American plan launched in 1948 to rebuild Western Europe's economies and military strength to resist communism. It was a key example of containment.

Soviet economic plan as a response to the Marshall Plan, aimed at aiding Soviet-aligned countries.

A term coined by Winston Churchill to describe the ideological divide between Soviet-controlled Eastern Europe and Western Europe.

Soviet blockade of West Berlin to force Western powers out, countered by an American and British airlift of supplies.

A physical barrier built in 1961 to prevent East Germans from escaping to West Berlin.

A strategy of pushing a conflict to the brink of war to force an opponent to back down.

A tense standoff between the USA and the USSR over Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba, pushing the world to the brink of nuclear war.

A policy of easing tensions between superpowers during the Cold War.

A period of improved relations between the USA and USSR, characterized by treaties and arms limitations.

A doctrine that justified Soviet intervention in countries considered part of their sphere of influence.

The Hungarian and Polish uprisings of 1956, where citizens attempted to gain independence from Soviet control.

A period of reform in Czechoslovakia in 1968, aiming to create a more 'human face' of communism.

The theory of mutually assured destruction, where nuclear attacks would lead to the annihilation of both sides.

A failed attempt by Cuban exiles, supported by the CIA, to overthrow Fidel Castro's regime in 1961.

Yugoslavia's refusal to be a satellite state of the USSR, led by Josip Tito.

Nations building up their military and nuclear weapons to prevent an enemy from attacking.

A movement that emerged during the Cold War where nations refused to align with either the USA or the USSR.

Wars fought between nations where the superpowers back opposing sides, often involving liberation movements.

A policy of resisting the spread of communism by containing it within its existing borders.

A system of mandatory boarding schools for Indigenous children aimed at assimilating them into Western culture.

A policy that offered Indigenous men land and a share of treaty money in exchange for giving up their official Indian Status.

A Canadian law enacted in 1876 with the intent to assimilate Indigenous people into white Canadian culture.

A Canadian government document from 1969 that aimed to bring Indigenous people into the mainstream of Canadian society by abolishing treaties and the Department of Indian Affairs.

An Aboriginal response to the White Paper, advocating for traditional land ownership, treaty rights and self-determination.

The act of imposing an ideology like liberalism on another nation, often for self-interest (like eliminating terrorist threats) or for humanitarian reasons (like improving living conditions).

A peace treaty signed after World War I, which incorporated Woodrow Wilson's idea of making democracy an essential component.

The US-led military and ideological conflict following the 9/11 attacks, aimed at combating terrorism and promoting liberal democracy.

The invasion of Iraq in 2003, led by the US, based on claims that Iraq posed a threat due to potential weapons of mass destruction.

The belief that liberal nations have a moral obligation to intervene in non-liberal nations that violate human rights.

The forced collectivization of farms in the Soviet Union, a policy that aimed to eliminate private land ownership and create large, state-run farms to support industrialization. This led to widespread resistance and a devastating famine in Ukraine.

A period of intense political repression in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin, marked by mass arrests, executions, and forced labor in the Gulags. The purge targeted perceived enemies of the state, including political opponents, ethnic minorities, and intellectuals, aiming to solidify Stalin's control.

Stalin's deliberate shifting of blame for problems in the Soviet Union onto specific groups. This tactic weakened opposition and strengthened his control.

A system of political control used by the Soviet government, involving propaganda, education, and youth programs aimed at creating citizens loyal to communism and Stalin. This indoctrinated people to accept the ideology and view Stalin as a savior.

A period of extreme inflation in Germany after World War I, where prices skyrocketed, and citizens lost their savings. This economic crisis contributed to the rise of the Nazi Party.

The Nazi's racial theory, which believed in the superiority of the Aryan race, a supposed pure German race, which they used to justify the persecution of Jews and other groups deemed 'undesirable' during the Holocaust.

The Nazi's gradual consolidation of power in Germany, using a combination of political maneuvering, legal changes, and violence to eliminate opposition and establish a totalitarian state.

A decree passed in Germany in 1933 that gave Hitler dictatorial powers and effectively dissolved the Weimar Republic, contributing to the establishment of a totalitarian state.

Hitler's purge of the SA, a paramilitary group within the Nazi Party, in 1934. The SA's power was seen as a threat to Hitler's leadership, leading to the mass murder of its leaders in a single night.

The Nazi's use of economic programs, particularly the construction of the Autobahn highway system and the rearmament of the military, to stimulate the German economy and provide jobs. However, this came at the cost of individual freedoms and human rights.

The Soviet Union's secret police, established under Stalin, known for its widespread repression and violence during the Great Purge. Used to enforce Stalin's rule and eliminate opposition.

Soviet (and now Russian) prison labor camps, often located in remote and harsh regions. These facilities were used to confine political prisoners and other prisoners of the state, notorious for their harsh conditions and high death rates.

The Young Pioneers, a youth organization in the Soviet Union, aimed at indoctrinating children into communist ideology and loyalty to Stalin. Using activities, games, and rituals, it instilled in children a sense of patriotism and commitment to the Soviet system.

The belief that a group of people are superior to others based on race, often used to justify discrimination, violence, and persecution. The Nazi Party used this belief to justify the Holocaust.

A political ideology that emerged as a response to classical liberalism, emphasizing the importance of tradition, hierarchy, and limited government. Classical conservatives believed in protecting the past, maintaining social order, and limiting suffrage to the educated elite.

An influential classical conservative thinker who believed in preserving the existing social order and institutions, opposing radical change during the French Revolution. He argued for limited government intervention and a strong emphasis on tradition and morality.

A political ideology that advocates for collective ownership of the means of production, emphasizing social equality and the redistribution of wealth. Socialists believe that workers should control the economy for the benefit of all society.

A group of early socialists who believed in creating ideal utopian societies based on cooperation, education, and improved working conditions. They aimed to alleviate the harsh realities of industrialization.

A prominent utopian socialist who believed that the harsh realities of industrial capitalism corrupted workers. He sought to improve working conditions through cooperation between workers and management, as exemplified in his New Lanark project.

A radical form of socialism, often called scientific socialism or communism. Marx believed that the inevitable conflict between the bourgeoisie (owners) and proletariat (workers) would lead to a violent revolution and the establishment of a classless society.

A key principle of Marxism that emphasizes the importance of the economy as the foundation of society. Marx believed that the means of production (factories, land, etc.) should be controlled by the workers to achieve equality and the common good.

A political ideology that advocates for a strong, centralized government with extensive influence over the economy and individual lives. Statists often believe that economic and personal freedoms are impractical in a complex modern world.

A type of capitalism that combines free-market principles with government intervention to protect workers' rights and provide social safety nets. It emerged as a response to criticisms of the harsh realities of industrial capitalism.

A modern economic system that combines elements of both command and free-market economies. It incorporates government intervention in the economy, such as regulation, public services, and social welfare programs, while still allowing for private ownership and enterprise.

A political ideology that advocates for social justice, individual rights, and limited government intervention. Modern liberals typically support government action to promote equality, protect civil liberties, and create a more just society.

The process by which ideologies evolve and adapt in response to changing social, economic, and political circumstances. This can involve the incorporation of new ideas, revisions of existing principles, or the emergence of new ideologies altogether.

The belief that various systems of governance and social organizations have evolved and adapted throughout history, resulting in the present-day structures. This emphasizes the gradual development of political and social institutions.

The idea that different ideologies can influence and shape each other, resulting in adaptations, compromises, and the emergence of new ideologies. This highlights the interconnectedness of diverse political and social philosophies.