Questions and Answers
Define reality negotiation.
Reality negotiation is the process by which individuals construct their understanding of a situation.
What is self-serving bias?
Tendency to attribute positive outcomes to internal factors and negative outcomes to external factors
What is the relationship between self-esteem and reality negotiation?
High self-esteem is related to downward social comparison, self-enhancement strategies, and excuse-making behavior. Low self-esteem is related to self-handicapping.
How are high depression scores related to negative events?
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Match the key measures with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Individual Differences in Reality Negotiation
- Reality negotiation is the process by which individuals construct their understanding of a situation.
Key Concepts
- Self-serving bias: the tendency to attribute positive outcomes to internal factors and negative outcomes to external factors.
- Self-esteem: how an individual feels about themselves, influencing their reality negotiation.
Individual Differences
- Self-handicapping: a tendency to make excuses for potential failure, often observed in individuals with low self-esteem.
- High self-esteem is related to:
- Downward social comparison
- Self-enhancement strategies
- Excuse-making behavior
- Low self-esteem is related to self-handicapping.
- Depression: high depression scores are related to internalizing rather than externalizing attributions for negative events.
Key Measures
- Self-Handicapping Scale: measures anticipatory excuse-making.
- Hope Scale: measures hope as a process of increasing causal linkages to positive outcomes in reality negotiation.
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