Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of Jordan's Principle?
What is the primary purpose of Jordan's Principle?
- To provide financial assistance to Indigenous families.
- To ensure Indigenous children receive necessary services without delay. (correct)
- To improve academic performance among Indigenous children.
- To prioritize bureaucratic challenges over the well-being of children.
What is the key question raised by Farkas (2021) regarding Indigenous sovereignty in Canada?
What is the key question raised by Farkas (2021) regarding Indigenous sovereignty in Canada?
- How can Indigenous communities acquire recognition and the claim to sovereignty they desire? (correct)
- How can Indigenous communities effectively engage with the Canadian government?
- How can Indigenous communities achieve economic independence?
- How can Indigenous communities maintain their traditional practices within modern society?
What is the main purpose of the Inuit Child First Initiative?
What is the main purpose of the Inuit Child First Initiative?
- To provide financial assistance to Inuit families.
- To ensure timely and equitable access to services for Inuit children. (correct)
- To improve the quality of education in Inuit communities.
- To promote cultural exchange between Inuit and non-Inuit communities.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a systemic issue faced by Indigenous communities in Canada?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a systemic issue faced by Indigenous communities in Canada?
What does decolonization involve in the context of Indigenous communities?
What does decolonization involve in the context of Indigenous communities?
What is the significance of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) for Canada?
What is the significance of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) for Canada?
How does the concept of domestic sovereignty apply to Native American tribes in the United States?
How does the concept of domestic sovereignty apply to Native American tribes in the United States?
What is the role of ECEs in fostering trust with Indigenous families?
What is the role of ECEs in fostering trust with Indigenous families?
How can ECEs contribute to reconciliation and address systemic inequities?
How can ECEs contribute to reconciliation and address systemic inequities?
What is the significance of recognizing Indigenous self-government in Canada?
What is the significance of recognizing Indigenous self-government in Canada?
What is the main challenge facing Indigenous communities in achieving true sovereignty?
What is the main challenge facing Indigenous communities in achieving true sovereignty?
How can ECEs raise awareness about the inequalities faced by Indigenous peoples?
How can ECEs raise awareness about the inequalities faced by Indigenous peoples?
What is the key difference between Jordan's Principle and the Inuit Child First Initiative?
What is the key difference between Jordan's Principle and the Inuit Child First Initiative?
Which of the following statements BEST describes the current state of reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities in Canada?
Which of the following statements BEST describes the current state of reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities in Canada?
What is the role of ECEs in fostering a more inclusive early learning landscape?
What is the role of ECEs in fostering a more inclusive early learning landscape?
What impact did the Doctrine of Discovery have on Indigenous sovereignty?
What impact did the Doctrine of Discovery have on Indigenous sovereignty?
How did the residential school system affect First Nations, Metis, and Inuit peoples differently?
How did the residential school system affect First Nations, Metis, and Inuit peoples differently?
What is a significant issue faced by Indigenous families within the child welfare system?
What is a significant issue faced by Indigenous families within the child welfare system?
What is one challenge related to education for Indigenous children in Canada?
What is one challenge related to education for Indigenous children in Canada?
What role can non-Indigenous early childhood education programs play in supporting Indigenous communities?
What role can non-Indigenous early childhood education programs play in supporting Indigenous communities?
What does the term 'decolonization' refer to in the context of Indigenous sovereignty?
What does the term 'decolonization' refer to in the context of Indigenous sovereignty?
Which of the following terms differentiates the legal recognition of Indigenous individuals?
Which of the following terms differentiates the legal recognition of Indigenous individuals?
What was a significant legacy of the residential school system for Indigenous communities?
What was a significant legacy of the residential school system for Indigenous communities?
Which of the following aspects contributed to the inequalities faced by Indigenous children in the child welfare system?
Which of the following aspects contributed to the inequalities faced by Indigenous children in the child welfare system?
What does 'Terra Nullius' refer to in relation to Indigenous land rights?
What does 'Terra Nullius' refer to in relation to Indigenous land rights?
Which historical context influenced the residential school initiative in Canada?
Which historical context influenced the residential school initiative in Canada?
What is a crucial aspect of culturally relevant early childhood education for Indigenous communities?
What is a crucial aspect of culturally relevant early childhood education for Indigenous communities?
Which concept is related to the impact of historical trauma on Indigenous peoples?
Which concept is related to the impact of historical trauma on Indigenous peoples?
What was the primary aim of the Indian Act established in 1876?
What was the primary aim of the Indian Act established in 1876?
Which of the following was a consequence of the residential school system?
Which of the following was a consequence of the residential school system?
How did Indigenous resistance manifest in residential schools?
How did Indigenous resistance manifest in residential schools?
What does decolonization primarily aim to dismantle?
What does decolonization primarily aim to dismantle?
Which statement accurately reflects the relationship between Indigenous health care and government funding?
Which statement accurately reflects the relationship between Indigenous health care and government funding?
What legal and religious belief facilitated the European invasion and colonization of many cultures?
What legal and religious belief facilitated the European invasion and colonization of many cultures?
Which term describes the systematic attempt to eradicate Indigenous cultures through the residential school system?
Which term describes the systematic attempt to eradicate Indigenous cultures through the residential school system?
What challenges do Indigenous children and families face within the modern child welfare system?
What challenges do Indigenous children and families face within the modern child welfare system?
Which of the following best describes the effects of colonization on Indigenous economies?
Which of the following best describes the effects of colonization on Indigenous economies?
What is one significant aspect of the ongoing impact of settler colonialism?
What is one significant aspect of the ongoing impact of settler colonialism?
What role can non-Indigenous educators play in supporting Indigenous communities?
What role can non-Indigenous educators play in supporting Indigenous communities?
Which term describes the agreements recognizing Indigenous rights and addressing historical wrongs?
Which term describes the agreements recognizing Indigenous rights and addressing historical wrongs?
What continues to be a prevalent issue for Indigenous peoples in the Canadian justice system?
What continues to be a prevalent issue for Indigenous peoples in the Canadian justice system?
What is the primary focus of early childhood education programs aimed at Indigenous families?
What is the primary focus of early childhood education programs aimed at Indigenous families?
Which of the following is NOT one of the five core areas of trauma-informed care principles?
Which of the following is NOT one of the five core areas of trauma-informed care principles?
How can educators practice intercultural awareness?
How can educators practice intercultural awareness?
Which statement best describes allyship in the context of education?
Which statement best describes allyship in the context of education?
What is the role of historical trauma in Indigenous communities?
What is the role of historical trauma in Indigenous communities?
In the context of educational settings, what does 'culturally safe' mean?
In the context of educational settings, what does 'culturally safe' mean?
What is an important aspect of family involvement in early childhood education for Indigenous communities?
What is an important aspect of family involvement in early childhood education for Indigenous communities?
Which principle focuses on recognizing and addressing systems of privilege and oppression?
Which principle focuses on recognizing and addressing systems of privilege and oppression?
What is a key component of promoting resilience in Indigenous children?
What is a key component of promoting resilience in Indigenous children?
What is the significance of advocating for Indigenous children and families in education?
What is the significance of advocating for Indigenous children and families in education?
Which term refers to the original inhabitants of North America, including First Nations, Inuit, and Métis?
Which term refers to the original inhabitants of North America, including First Nations, Inuit, and Métis?
How does a 'child-centered' approach differ from traditional educational methods?
How does a 'child-centered' approach differ from traditional educational methods?
What does the Indigenous Early Learning and Child Care Framework emphasize?
What does the Indigenous Early Learning and Child Care Framework emphasize?
What role does cultural humility play in educating children from diverse backgrounds?
What role does cultural humility play in educating children from diverse backgrounds?
What was one significant consequence of the Doctrine of Discovery in Canada?
What was one significant consequence of the Doctrine of Discovery in Canada?
What was Terra Nullius used for in the context of Canadian land grants?
What was Terra Nullius used for in the context of Canadian land grants?
How were reserves typically created in Canada?
How were reserves typically created in Canada?
What defined the modern treaty era in Canada?
What defined the modern treaty era in Canada?
Which of the following is a goal of modern treaties in Canada?
Which of the following is a goal of modern treaties in Canada?
What was one effect of the residential school system on Indigenous children?
What was one effect of the residential school system on Indigenous children?
What aspect did the historic treaties established between Indigenous peoples and European newcomers primarily focus on?
What aspect did the historic treaties established between Indigenous peoples and European newcomers primarily focus on?
Which treaty was the first of the modern treaties signed in Canada?
Which treaty was the first of the modern treaties signed in Canada?
What formalized the treaty-making process in Canada?
What formalized the treaty-making process in Canada?
What was one of the main policies affecting Indigenous children in residential schools?
What was one of the main policies affecting Indigenous children in residential schools?
What issue often arises between Canada and First Nations regarding treaties?
What issue often arises between Canada and First Nations regarding treaties?
How many residential schools did approximately exist in Canada?
How many residential schools did approximately exist in Canada?
What does the term 'Sixties Scoop' refer to?
What does the term 'Sixties Scoop' refer to?
What was a key purpose of the specific claims process?
What was a key purpose of the specific claims process?
Which of these was NOT a harmful effect experienced by children in residential schools?
Which of these was NOT a harmful effect experienced by children in residential schools?
What percentage of children in foster care are Indigenous, despite making up only 7.7% of the child population?
What percentage of children in foster care are Indigenous, despite making up only 7.7% of the child population?
What did Karen Chaboyer express about her experience in residential school?
What did Karen Chaboyer express about her experience in residential school?
What kind of policies characterized early partnerships between Indigenous peoples and the government?
What kind of policies characterized early partnerships between Indigenous peoples and the government?
What was one outcome of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's findings?
What was one outcome of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's findings?
How many Indigenous children were reported to have been adopted between 1960 and 1990?
How many Indigenous children were reported to have been adopted between 1960 and 1990?
What was one major issue highlighted by Cindy Blackstock's human rights complaint?
What was one major issue highlighted by Cindy Blackstock's human rights complaint?
Which of the following was an impact on adult adoptees from the Sixties Scoop?
Which of the following was an impact on adult adoptees from the Sixties Scoop?
What significant change occurred in the 1970s concerning residential schools?
What significant change occurred in the 1970s concerning residential schools?
What term is used to describe the ongoing removal of Indigenous children from their families starting from the 1980s?
What term is used to describe the ongoing removal of Indigenous children from their families starting from the 1980s?
What was a common consequence of the colonial legacy of residential schools?
What was a common consequence of the colonial legacy of residential schools?
What was one result of the closure of residential schools in 1996?
What was one result of the closure of residential schools in 1996?
Which of the following did NOT contribute to the overrepresentation of Indigenous children in the child welfare system?
Which of the following did NOT contribute to the overrepresentation of Indigenous children in the child welfare system?
Which Indigenous groups are recognized in Canada under the Constitution?
Which Indigenous groups are recognized in Canada under the Constitution?
What role did the Doctrine of Discovery play in colonization?
What role did the Doctrine of Discovery play in colonization?
Which statement best describes the nature of colonization as discussed?
Which statement best describes the nature of colonization as discussed?
What impact did colonization have on Indigenous land use and sovereignty?
What impact did colonization have on Indigenous land use and sovereignty?
Which term describes the systematic erasure of Indigenous cultures, particularly through government policies?
Which term describes the systematic erasure of Indigenous cultures, particularly through government policies?
What is implied about Indigenous self-governance in relation to the Canadian government?
What is implied about Indigenous self-governance in relation to the Canadian government?
What is a primary focus of decolonization according to the content?
What is a primary focus of decolonization according to the content?
How did European economic pursuits influence Indigenous communities in Labrador?
How did European economic pursuits influence Indigenous communities in Labrador?
What was a central element of Canada's Aboriginal policy for over a century?
What was a central element of Canada's Aboriginal policy for over a century?
Which concept emphasizes the need for understanding the difference between intent and impact?
Which concept emphasizes the need for understanding the difference between intent and impact?
Which of the following accurately reflects the legacy of colonization on Indigenous peoples today?
Which of the following accurately reflects the legacy of colonization on Indigenous peoples today?
How can non-Indigenous early childhood educators best engage in decolonizing practices?
How can non-Indigenous early childhood educators best engage in decolonizing practices?
What does the term 'culturally relevant curriculum' require from educators?
What does the term 'culturally relevant curriculum' require from educators?
What is one of the implications of the statement about 95% of First Nations, Métis, and Inuit land in British Columbia?
What is one of the implications of the statement about 95% of First Nations, Métis, and Inuit land in British Columbia?
Which group is often overlooked in discussions of Indigenous peoples in Canada?
Which group is often overlooked in discussions of Indigenous peoples in Canada?
What does cultural humility involve in the context of education?
What does cultural humility involve in the context of education?
In what way did residential schools contribute to cultural genocide?
In what way did residential schools contribute to cultural genocide?
Why is the portrayal of Indigenous peoples as living cultures important?
Why is the portrayal of Indigenous peoples as living cultures important?
What is a key principle underscored by the Indigenous Early Learning and Child Care Framework?
What is a key principle underscored by the Indigenous Early Learning and Child Care Framework?
What aspect of colonialism allowed for cultural superiority to be framed as a justification for domination?
What aspect of colonialism allowed for cultural superiority to be framed as a justification for domination?
What does the term 'systematic oppression' refer to in the context of Indigenous peoples?
What does the term 'systematic oppression' refer to in the context of Indigenous peoples?
What does Sensoy and DiAngelo advocate for to support Indigenous children in education?
What does Sensoy and DiAngelo advocate for to support Indigenous children in education?
What was a significant result of the Tribunal’s final ruling in 2016 regarding Indigenous child welfare?
What was a significant result of the Tribunal’s final ruling in 2016 regarding Indigenous child welfare?
What key action was ordered by the Tribunal following its ruling in 2016?
What key action was ordered by the Tribunal following its ruling in 2016?
Which communities are part of the Inuit population in Newfoundland and Labrador?
Which communities are part of the Inuit population in Newfoundland and Labrador?
What do Indigenous knowledge systems contribute to early childhood education?
What do Indigenous knowledge systems contribute to early childhood education?
What primarily constrains the capacity of Indigenous governments in Canada?
What primarily constrains the capacity of Indigenous governments in Canada?
Which legislation stemmed directly from the Tribunal ruling and aimed at reforming child welfare?
Which legislation stemmed directly from the Tribunal ruling and aimed at reforming child welfare?
What is necessary for meaningful change in social justice according to DiAngelo?
What is necessary for meaningful change in social justice according to DiAngelo?
Which principle is NOT one of the national principles established by Bill C-92?
Which principle is NOT one of the national principles established by Bill C-92?
What approach must educators take to ensure culturally safe spaces for Indigenous students?
What approach must educators take to ensure culturally safe spaces for Indigenous students?
How does Bill C-92 intend to address the challenges in Indigenous child welfare?
How does Bill C-92 intend to address the challenges in Indigenous child welfare?
Which of the following is a misconception about decolonization?
Which of the following is a misconception about decolonization?
What does Jordan’s Principle advocate for regarding Indigenous children?
What does Jordan’s Principle advocate for regarding Indigenous children?
What underlying issues must be addressed to foster long-term change in the treatment of Indigenous families?
What underlying issues must be addressed to foster long-term change in the treatment of Indigenous families?
Which statement accurately reflects the educational challenges faced by Indigenous students?
Which statement accurately reflects the educational challenges faced by Indigenous students?
What funding issue is mentioned concerning on-reserve schools?
What funding issue is mentioned concerning on-reserve schools?
What does the Inuit Child First Initiative specifically address?
What does the Inuit Child First Initiative specifically address?
What is a primary focus of the reforms in child and family services advocated by the Government of Canada?
What is a primary focus of the reforms in child and family services advocated by the Government of Canada?
Which aspect of Indigenous child welfare does Bill C-92 NOT directly support?
Which aspect of Indigenous child welfare does Bill C-92 NOT directly support?
What is a primary goal of the reforms being implemented by Indigenous Services Canada?
What is a primary goal of the reforms being implemented by Indigenous Services Canada?
How does systemic racism affect Indigenous students in non-Indigenous schools?
How does systemic racism affect Indigenous students in non-Indigenous schools?
What is a major factor contributing to the marginalization of Indigenous students in education?
What is a major factor contributing to the marginalization of Indigenous students in education?
Which initiative emphasizes the incorporation of Indigenous languages and knowledge in education?
Which initiative emphasizes the incorporation of Indigenous languages and knowledge in education?
Which demographic of Indigenous people is significantly overrepresented in the justice system in Canada?
Which demographic of Indigenous people is significantly overrepresented in the justice system in Canada?
What is a key reason for poor health outcomes among Indigenous children?
What is a key reason for poor health outcomes among Indigenous children?
How are early childhood educators (ECEs) positioned to address systemic inequities faced by Indigenous children?
How are early childhood educators (ECEs) positioned to address systemic inequities faced by Indigenous children?
What impact did policies like the Sixties Scoop and residential schools have on Indigenous communities?
What impact did policies like the Sixties Scoop and residential schools have on Indigenous communities?
What role does the Truth and Reconciliation Commission play in the context of education for Indigenous peoples?
What role does the Truth and Reconciliation Commission play in the context of education for Indigenous peoples?
What systemic challenge affects Indigenous children’s access to healthcare?
What systemic challenge affects Indigenous children’s access to healthcare?
Which principle does Jordan's Principle advocate for regarding services needed by First Nations children?
Which principle does Jordan's Principle advocate for regarding services needed by First Nations children?
Which of the following practices is critical for Early Childhood Educators when working with Indigenous children?
Which of the following practices is critical for Early Childhood Educators when working with Indigenous children?
What is one of the interconnected systemic issues affecting Indigenous children in education?
What is one of the interconnected systemic issues affecting Indigenous children in education?
How do systemic inequities in healthcare impact Indigenous children's education?
How do systemic inequities in healthcare impact Indigenous children's education?
What is a primary goal of a culturally appropriate curriculum for Indigenous students?
What is a primary goal of a culturally appropriate curriculum for Indigenous students?
Which aspect of early childhood education is crucial for understanding the unique challenges faced by Indigenous children?
Which aspect of early childhood education is crucial for understanding the unique challenges faced by Indigenous children?
Flashcards
Doctrine of Discovery
Doctrine of Discovery
A legal concept allowing lands to be claimed by colonizers, displacing Indigenous peoples.
Terra Nullius
Terra Nullius
A doctrine stating that land not occupied by Europeans could be claimed by them.
Historic Treaties
Historic Treaties
Agreements from 1701 to 1923 establishing relations between Indigenous peoples and Europeans.
Modern Treaties
Modern Treaties
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Residential Schools
Residential Schools
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Sixties Scoop
Sixties Scoop
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Indigenous Reserves
Indigenous Reserves
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First Nations
First Nations
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Royal Proclamation of 1763
Royal Proclamation of 1763
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Treaty Rights
Treaty Rights
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Cultural Disruption
Cultural Disruption
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James Bay Agreement
James Bay Agreement
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Calder v. Attorney-General
Calder v. Attorney-General
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Specific Claims Process
Specific Claims Process
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Paternalistic Policies
Paternalistic Policies
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Colonialism
Colonialism
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Settler colonialism
Settler colonialism
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Decolonization
Decolonization
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Indigenous sovereignty
Indigenous sovereignty
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Indian Act
Indian Act
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Residential school system
Residential school system
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Intergenerational trauma
Intergenerational trauma
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Culturally relevant curriculum
Culturally relevant curriculum
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Blackstock Ruling
Blackstock Ruling
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Bill C-92
Bill C-92
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Rights Affirmation
Rights Affirmation
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Best Interests of the Child
Best Interests of the Child
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Cultural Continuity
Cultural Continuity
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Jordan's Principle
Jordan's Principle
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Inuit Child First Initiative
Inuit Child First Initiative
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Systemic Inequality
Systemic Inequality
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Child Welfare Services Reform
Child Welfare Services Reform
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Prevention Focus
Prevention Focus
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Access to Education
Access to Education
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Funding Disparities
Funding Disparities
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Systematic Racism
Systematic Racism
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Holistic Approach
Holistic Approach
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Economic Impact
Economic Impact
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Indigenous peoples
Indigenous peoples
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Inuit
Inuit
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Métis
Métis
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Cultural genocide
Cultural genocide
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Land theft
Land theft
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Systemic oppression
Systemic oppression
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Serious impacts of colonization
Serious impacts of colonization
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Social service disparity
Social service disparity
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Crown-Indigenous Relations
Crown-Indigenous Relations
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Reconciliation
Reconciliation
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Legacy of colonization
Legacy of colonization
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Cindy Blackstock
Cindy Blackstock
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Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)
Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)
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Millennial Scoop
Millennial Scoop
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Cultural Identity Loss
Cultural Identity Loss
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Systemic Inequalities
Systemic Inequalities
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Residential School Legacy
Residential School Legacy
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Child Welfare Discrimination
Child Welfare Discrimination
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Language Prohibition
Language Prohibition
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Forced Assimilation
Forced Assimilation
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Loss of Traditional Medicines
Loss of Traditional Medicines
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Physical and Sexual Abuse
Physical and Sexual Abuse
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Cultural Regalia
Cultural Regalia
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Culturally Appropriate Curriculum
Culturally Appropriate Curriculum
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Colonial Education Practices
Colonial Education Practices
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Overrepresentation in Justice System
Overrepresentation in Justice System
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Culturally Competent Care
Culturally Competent Care
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Impact of Colonial Policies
Impact of Colonial Policies
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Culturally Safe Environments
Culturally Safe Environments
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Chronic Underfunding
Chronic Underfunding
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Inclusive Practices
Inclusive Practices
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Empowerment through Education
Empowerment through Education
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Residential School Experience
Residential School Experience
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Inequalities in Child Welfare
Inequalities in Child Welfare
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Systemic Inequality in Education
Systemic Inequality in Education
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Trauma and Intercultural Awareness
Trauma and Intercultural Awareness
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Culturally Appropriate Approaches
Culturally Appropriate Approaches
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Trauma-Informed Care
Trauma-Informed Care
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Building Trust with Indigenous Families
Building Trust with Indigenous Families
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Truth and Reconciliation Commission
Truth and Reconciliation Commission
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UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)
UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)
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Public Apologies
Public Apologies
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Historic and Contemporary Inequalities
Historic and Contemporary Inequalities
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Awareness Campaigns by ECEs
Awareness Campaigns by ECEs
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Administrative Delays
Administrative Delays
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Holistic Care
Holistic Care
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Child-centered education
Child-centered education
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Cultural inclusion
Cultural inclusion
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Trauma-informed care (TIC)
Trauma-informed care (TIC)
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Historical trauma
Historical trauma
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Indigenous Early Learning Framework
Indigenous Early Learning Framework
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Cultural safety
Cultural safety
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Allyship
Allyship
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Cultural humility
Cultural humility
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Inequity
Inequity
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Evidence-based practices
Evidence-based practices
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Equity in education
Equity in education
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Family engagement
Family engagement
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Intercultural awareness training
Intercultural awareness training
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Indigenous self-governance
Indigenous self-governance
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True self-determination
True self-determination
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Privilege
Privilege
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Educational impact
Educational impact
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Distinctions-based approach
Distinctions-based approach
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Indigenous knowledge systems
Indigenous knowledge systems
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Supportive educational spaces
Supportive educational spaces
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Reconciliation efforts
Reconciliation efforts
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Holistic representation
Holistic representation
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Transformative path
Transformative path
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Impact vs. Intent
Impact vs. Intent
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Indigenous Resistance
Indigenous Resistance
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Child Welfare System Disparities
Child Welfare System Disparities
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Sovereignty
Sovereignty
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Healthcare Inequities
Healthcare Inequities
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Restorative Justice Principles
Restorative Justice Principles
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Early Childhood Education
Early Childhood Education
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Allyship and Advocacy
Allyship and Advocacy
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Study Notes
Indigenous Peoples in Canada and Newfoundland and Labrador
- Indigenous peoples are the original inhabitants of North America. "Indigenous" is the current preferred term, though "Aboriginal" is also used.
- Canada's constitution recognizes three distinct Indigenous groups: First Nations, Inuit, and Métis. These groups have unique histories and cultures.
- Newfoundland and Labrador has unique Indigenous populations including Innu, Mi'kmaq and Inuit.
Defining Key Terms
-
Colonialism: The forceful imposition of external political control, leading to societal disruption, economic dependence, and institutional racism.
-
Settler colonialism: The land is appropriated from Indigenous peoples, institutions and agencies continue oppression, and mainstream cultural norms are imposed.
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Historical and intergenerational trauma: The cumulative impact of oppression across generations, affecting individuals, families, and communities. Residential schools, the Sixties Scoop, and ongoing systemic inequalities contribute to this.
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Decolonization: Dismantling oppressive systems and supporting Indigenous peoples in regaining control of their land, culture, and heritage.
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Indigenous sovereignty: The right to self-governance, including the ability to define their own laws, identities, and political systems.
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Indigenous: A broad term encompassing the First Nations, Métis, and Inuit peoples of Canada.
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First Nations: Indigenous peoples who have historical connections to Canada, often categorized as status and non-status persons. Status is determined by the Indian Act.
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Status Indian: A category assigned through the Indian Act to First Nations.
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Non-status Indian: Category for First Nations peoples who do not meet the criteria in the Act to be a status Indian.
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Inuit: Indigenous people primarily residing in the northern regions of Canada, including parts of Newfoundland and Labrador.
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Métis: Descendants of First Nations and European ancestry.
Colonial History and its Impact
- Colonization in Canada has involved land theft, cultural erasure, economic dependence, and systemic inequality.
- In British Columbia, 95% of First Nations, Métis, and Inuit lands remain unceded.
- Colonial policies facilitated European settlement in Labrador over the centuries.
- Land use and sovereignty were systematically diminished and the cultural lives of Indigenous peoples were disrupted.
The Doctrine of Discovery and Terra Nullius
- The Doctrine of Discovery justified European colonization, asserting assumed superiority and right to ownership of the lands.
- Terra Nullius doctrine asserted Indigenous peoples had no claim to the land
- These policies led to land dispossession and the suppression of Indigenous cultures and traditions.
Treaties and the Indian Act
- Treaties were made between Indigenous groups and the Canadian government, in many cases under coercion, to establish relations.
- Discrepancies often arise in how treaties are implemented and grievances arise regarding the treaty process.
- The Indian Act (1876) imposed controls on First Nations life, aiming for assimilation and restricting Indigenous autonomy.
Residential Schools
- The residential school system, a central element of Canada's assimilation policies, was aimed at erasing Indigenous cultures.
- Over 150,000 Indigenous children attended these schools across Canada.
- Schools in Labrador closed in the 1970s and 1980s.
Child Welfare System
- The Sixties Scoop involved the mass removal of Indigenous children from their families.
- There was a disproportionate number of Indigenous children in foster care compared to non-Indigenous children.
- Underfunding of child welfare services on Indigenous reserves compared to those off reserve exacerbated the issue.
Modern Education System
- Indigenous students face inequities in access to education, funding, and culturally appropriate curriculum, both on and off reserves.
Health and Justice Systems
- Indigenous peoples in Canada are overrepresented in the criminal justice system.
- Indigenous peoples face significant barriers accessing healthcare.
- These issues relate to early childhood education.
Early Childhood Education and Indigenous Needs
- Culturally relevant and appropriate curriculum are needed in early childhood education.
- Child and family-centered programs are crucial, recognizing family involvement.
- Trauma-informed intercultural awareness, allyship, and advocacy are also essential.
Indigenous Early Learning and Child Care Framework
- This framework aims to provide high-quality culturally rich early learning options for Indigenous children, emphasizing collaboration and Indigenous leadership.
Decolonization and Indigenous Sovereignty
- Decolonization is an ongoing process of dismantling systems that have harmed Indigenous communities.
- Indigenous sovereignty is essential for Indigenous communities to control their own lives and future.
- While the Canadian Government has made commitments to Indigenous rights and recognition, true Indigenous self-governance remains challenging.
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