Questions and Answers
Which Indigenous culture is considered to be the earliest in Mesoamerica?
The Zapotec were known for developing the first written calendar and writing system in Mesoamerica.
True
What two types of calendars did the Aztecs utilize?
365-solar calendar and 260-day ritual calendar
The Aztecs founded __________ in 1325 on small islands in Lake Texcoco.
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Match the following Indigenous cultures with their notable contributions:
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Study Notes
Indigenous Cultures of Mexico and Central America
- Indigenous cultures, including the Olmec, Zapotec, Maya, Toltec, and Aztecs, thrived in Mexico and Central America from around 1200 B.C.
- The Olmec civilization is recognized as one of the earliest Indigenous cultures.
Agriculture and Resources
- Fertile land supported significant agricultural development.
- Important crops included corn, beans, vanilla, avocado, peppers, squashes, and cotton.
Cultural Achievements
- Distinctive artifacts include pyramid temples, intricate pottery, stone monuments, and turquoise jewelry.
- The Zapotec civilization is credited with developing Mesoamerica's first written calendar and writing system.
- The Maya made significant contributions to mathematics, architecture, hieroglyphics, and astronomy.
The Aztec Empire
- The Aztecs established Tenochtitlan (modern Mexico City) in 1325 on islands in Lake Texcoco, creating a major trade market.
- They utilized a 365-day solar calendar alongside a 260-day ritual calendar.
- Practices such as human sacrifice and bloodletting were integral to Aztec religion.
- Artistic expressions included terracotta, featherwork, mosaics, and stone carvings.
Spanish Conquest
- Hernán Cortéz led the Spanish invasion in 1519, which was supported by Indigenous groups opposed to the Aztecs.
- The invasion culminated in the fall of the Aztec Empire by 1521 due to internal resentment and external pressure.
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Description
Explore the rich tapestry of Indigenous cultures that flourished in Mexico and Central America, including the Olmec, Maya, and Aztec civilizations. This quiz covers their agricultural practices, cultural achievements, and the historical significance of their contributions. Test your knowledge on their innovations in writing, mathematics, and architecture.
