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Questions and Answers
Who has the authority to dissolve the Lok Sabha in India?
How is the President of India elected?
Who assists the President and takes on presidential duties if needed in India?
Which body is responsible for advising the President on policy decisions in India?
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What role does the High Court play in the Indian judiciary system?
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What event marked the culmination of India's freedom from British colonial rule?
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Who was known for advocating non-violent civil disobedience during the Indian Independence Movement?
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What type of Parliament does India have?
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Which court is considered the highest in India's judicial system?
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Who is the head of the union executive in India?
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Study Notes
History and Civics: Exploring India's Governmental Landmarks
India's rich history and evolving civic structure are intertwined, forming a complex and fascinating tapestry that continues to shape our understanding of governance and democracy. In this article, we'll delve into several key aspects of India's past and present, focusing on the Indian Independence Movement, the union legislature, the presidency, the prime minister and council of ministers, the Supreme Court, and the high court and subordinate courts.
Indian Independence Movement
The journey towards India's freedom from British colonial rule began in the late 18th century and culminated in the adoption of the Indian Independence Act on August 18, 1947. The struggle brought together various ideologies, from Gandhi's non-violent civil disobedience to Subhash Chandra Bose's armed resistance, to ultimately create a nation that embodied the dreams of its diverse population. The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 paved the way for increased political participation, leading to the formation of the Indian National Congress, the All-India Muslim League, and other political parties. The Indian independence movement stands as a testament to the power of collective action and the relentless pursuit of an ideal.
The Union Legislature
The bicameral Parliament of India consists of the Rajya Sabha (Upper House) and the Lok Sabha (Lower House). Members of the Rajya Sabha are elected by state and territorial legislative assemblies, while the Lok Sabha members are directly elected by the people of India. The President of India summons and prorogues the Parliament, and may also dissolve the Lok Sabha. The president holds a largely ceremonial position but serves as the head of the Indian state, and the prime minister is its head of government.
The President and Vice President
The President of India is elected indirectly by an electoral college consisting of the elected members of both Houses of Parliament, the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States, and the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of Union Territories with legislative assemblies. The Vice President is elected by an electoral college consisting of members of both Houses of Parliament. The president acts as the constitutional head of the country, and the vice-president assists the president and takes on the role of the president if the need arises.
The Prime Minister and Council of Ministers
The Prime Minister of India is selected by the President and is usually the leader of the political party or coalition with a majority in the Lok Sabha. The council of ministers consists of the prime minister, other union ministers, and state ministers. The council of ministers is responsible for the day-to-day administration of the government and advises the President on policy decisions.
The Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of India is the highest court in the country and operates as the final interpreter of the Indian Constitution. It consists of the Chief Justice of India and other judges appointed by the President of India with the consent of most of the judges of the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court has the power to declare any law or government action as unconstitutional and ensures the protection of fundamental rights enshrined in the Indian Constitution.
The High Court and Subordinate Courts
The High Courts are the highest courts in each state and union territory in India. They have original and appellate jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters. High Courts act as the courts of record and have the power to issue writs and directions to state governments and authorities. Below the High Courts are the district courts and other subordinate courts.
In summary, the history of Indian independence and the evolution of its governmental institutions have led to the development of a complex system of governance that embodies the aspirations of its vast and diverse citizenry. This article has provided a broad overview of the key facets of India's government, with the intention of fostering a deeper understanding of how its past has shaped its present and the importance of civic engagement and political participation in shaping its future.
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Description
Explore India's rich history and evolving civic structure by learning about key aspects such as the Indian Independence Movement, the Union Legislature, the President and Vice President, the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers, the Supreme Court, and the High Court and Subordinate Courts.
