Indian River Systems: Pennar, Subarnarekha, and Brahmani

Pennar Basin

• The only major project in the basin is the Somasila project.
• The Pennar River is 597 km long and flows into the Bay of Bengal.

Subarnarekha River

• The Subarnarekha River originates from the Ranchi Plateau in Jharkhand.
• It forms the boundary between West Bengal and Odisha in its lower course.
• It joins the Bay of Bengal, forming an estuary between the Ganga and Mahanadi deltas.
• The river is 395 km long.

Brahmani River

• The Brahmani River comes into existence by the confluence of the Koel and Sankh rivers near Rourkela.
• It has a total length of 800 km.
• The basin is bounded in the North by Chhotanagpur plateau, in the West and South by the Mahanadi basin, and in the East by the Bay of Bengal.
• The basin flows through Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Orissa States and drains into the Bay of Bengal.

Krishna River

• The Krishna River is 1,400 km long.
• The Tungabhadra is formed by the unification of the Tunga and the Bhadra, originating from Gangamula in the Central Sahyadri.
• The Tungabhadra is a major inter-States project in the basin, with a total length of 531 km.
• The Bhima originates from the Matheron Hills and joins the Krishna near Raichur after a distance of 861 km.

Cauvery River

• The Cauvery River is 800 km long and is designated as the ‘the Ganga of the South’.
• It rises at Talakaveri on the Brahmagiri range near Cherangala village of Kodagu (Coorg) district of Karnataka.
• The Cauvery basin extends over states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, and the Union Territory of Puducherry.
• Tributaries of the Cauvery River include the Harangi, the Hemavati, the Shimsha, the Arkavati, the Lakshmantirtha, the Kabbani, the Suvarnavati, the Bhavani, the Noyil, and the Amaravati.

Pennar River

• The Pennar River is 597 km long and is also known as Uttara Pinakini.
• It rises in the Chenna Kasava hill of the Nandidurg range in Chikkaballapura district of Karnataka.
• Tributaries of the Pennar River include the Jayamangali, the Kunderu, the Chiravati, and the Papagni.

Peninsular Rivers flowing in Arabian Sea (East ➔West)

• The Narmada River is the largest west-flowing river of the peninsular India.
• It rises from Maikala range near Amarkantak in Madhya Pradesh and flows westwards through a rift valley between the Vindhyan Range and the Satpura Range.
• The Narmada basin extends over states of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Chhattisgarh.
• It has a total length of 1,310 km from its source in Amarkantak to its estuary in the Gulf of Khambhat.

This quiz covers the details of Indian river systems, including the Pennar River, Subarnarekha River, and Brahmani River, their courses, and irrigated areas.