Indian Geography: States and Rivers
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of mitigation measures in disaster management?

  • Increasing the occurrence of natural hazards
  • Eliminating natural hazards completely
  • Minimizing the damage and disruption caused by hazards (correct)
  • Enhancing the natural environment to prevent disasters

    • Which of the following is an example of a structural measure for flood mitigation?

  • Land use planning
  • Public awareness programs
  • Building codes and regulations
  • Reservoirs and dams (correct)

    • What are non-structural measures aimed at in flood disaster management?

  • Building infrastructure
  • Creating physical barriers
  • Eliminating public awareness
  • Implementing laws and regulations (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT considered a non-structural measure?

    <p>Dams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do structural measures specifically help in flood mitigation?

    <p>By controlling the flow of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of heat exhaustion?

    <p>Dizziness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following states is primarily associated with the river Narmada?

    <p>Madhya Pradesh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition has body temperatures exceeding 40°C associated with severe symptoms?

    <p>Heat Stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of India's workforce is estimated to be exposed to heat during working hours?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does public awareness have in non-structural flood mitigation measures?

    <p>To improve community preparedness and response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these rivers is associated with the states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu?

    <p>Cauvery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary structural measure for mitigating the effects of cyclones?

    <p>Constructing cyclone shelters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does heat exposure have on labor productivity?

    <p>Leads to a loss of 162 hours per year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options is NOT considered a non-structural measure for cyclonic risk mitigation?

    <p>Embankments for saline water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following regions has reported crop losses due to increased temperatures?

    <p>Haryana, Punjab, and Uttar Pradesh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose do drains, canals, and water tanks serve in cyclone mitigation?

    <p>Receiving, accommodating, and returning surge waters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cold wave conditions in India are primarily experienced during which months?

    <p>November to March</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of towers recommended for communication during cyclones?

    <p>To withstand 100-year return period wind velocities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a health impact associated with cold waves?

    <p>Heat stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measure is aimed at reducing cyclonic risk through effective policies?

    <p>Creating awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consequence of heat waves exacerbates food insecurity?

    <p>Food production losses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structural measure can serve as an alternative for evacuating people during floods?

    <p>Coastal canals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of hazard mapping in cyclone mitigation?

    <p>To identify risk zones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structural measure focuses on the protection of coastal areas specifically?

    <p>Building embankments for saline water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the phased declaration of drought?

    <p>To assess the impact of rainfall on agricultural conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates interim relief measures during a drought?

    <p>The middle of the agricultural season</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What natural event triggers a flash flood?

    <p>Heavy rainfall caused by a cloud burst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does orographic lifting contribute to cloud formation?

    <p>It forces moist air to rise and cool, resulting in cloud development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What step follows the declaration of drought by the SDMA Secretariat?

    <p>Approaching the Centre for financial assistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does steep slope play in the context of flash floods?

    <p>It contributes to flash floods due to quick surface runoff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a violent upward flow of air during a cloud burst?

    <p>It prevents moisture from condensing into rain particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best definition of orographic lifting?

    <p>The rise of air due to variations in land elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a Cold Wave based on minimum temperature for plains?

    <p>Minimum temperature of ≤ 04°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the criterion for categorizing a Severe Cold Wave based on actual minimum temperature for plain stations?

    <p>Minimum temperature is ≤ 02°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What departure from normal temperature is required to classify a Cold Wave for coastal stations?

    <p>Negative departure of -4.5°C or less with a minimum temperature of 10°C or less</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes a Severe Cold Wave based on the negative departure from normal temperature?

    <p>It requires a negative departure greater than 6.4°C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a Cold Wave defined for hilly regions?

    <p>When the minimum temperature is 0°C or less</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Geographic Regions

    • Major Indian states include Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Bihar, West Bengal, Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Delhi.
    • Rivers central to the region: Narmada, Tapi, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Cauvery.
    • Additional states in focus: Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Odisha, Maharashtra, and Gujarat.

    Flood Mitigation Measures

    • Natural hazards cannot be fully prevented but can be mitigated through proper planning and disaster management.
    • Mitigation measures aim to reduce risks associated with hazards and are divided into two categories:
      • Structural measures: Physical constructions to minimize disaster impacts, such as reservoirs, dams, embankments, and water storage systems.
      • Non-structural measures: Policies, regulations, awareness programs, and management practices that do not involve physical constructions, e.g., land use planning and public education.

    Cyclone Mitigation Strategies

    • Structural measures include the construction of cyclone shelters, roads, bridges, drains, and saline embankments for coastal protection.
    • Effective communication and network towers are recommended based on historical cyclone data.
    • Non-structural measures focus on early warning systems, public awareness, coastal zone management, and hazard mapping to enhance preparedness.

    Drought Management

    • Timely declaration of drought in three phases (end of July, September, and November) based on rainfall impacts and agricultural conditions.
    • Interim relief and final relief measures are implemented based on drought assessments.
    • Collaboration between State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) and other agencies for financial support post-drought declaration.

    Cloud Bursts

    • Occur when heavy rainfall from thunderstorms exceeds river capacity, leading to flash floods and extensive damage.
    • Triggered by orographic lifting, where moist air rises and cools, preventing rain from dissipating over mountains or steep slopes.

    Heat Waves

    • Heat-related conditions: Heat cramps, exhaustion, and stroke with body temperatures rising above 40°C, potentially resulting in death.
    • Labor productivity suffers, with an estimated loss of 162 hours per year due to heat exposure, affecting vulnerable workers like farmers and construction workers.
    • Crop yields decline from high temperatures, leading to food insecurity and increased prices.
    • Energy demand spikes as temperatures rise, reflecting the higher peak demand.

    Cold Waves

    • Cold wave conditions are characterized by significant drops in temperatures in winter (November to March), primarily affecting human health.
    • Symptoms include respiratory illnesses, blood pressure issues, skin problems, and muscle pain.
    • IMD defines cold waves with specific temperature criteria, such as minimum temperatures dropping below 10°C in plains and 0°C in hilly areas.
    • Severe cold waves are defined by more extreme temperature drops.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the geographical features of India. This quiz covers various Indian states, their locations, and major rivers flowing through them. Challenge yourself to identify key regions and waterways from North to South India.

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