Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of mitigation measures in disaster management?
What is the primary focus of mitigation measures in disaster management?
- Increasing the occurrence of natural hazards
- Eliminating natural hazards completely
- Minimizing the damage and disruption caused by hazards (correct)
- Enhancing the natural environment to prevent disasters
Which of the following is an example of a structural measure for flood mitigation?
Which of the following is an example of a structural measure for flood mitigation?
- Land use planning
- Public awareness programs
- Building codes and regulations
- Reservoirs and dams (correct)
What are non-structural measures aimed at in flood disaster management?
What are non-structural measures aimed at in flood disaster management?
- Building infrastructure
- Creating physical barriers
- Eliminating public awareness
- Implementing laws and regulations (correct)
Which of the following is NOT considered a non-structural measure?
Which of the following is NOT considered a non-structural measure?
How do structural measures specifically help in flood mitigation?
How do structural measures specifically help in flood mitigation?
What is a common symptom of heat exhaustion?
What is a common symptom of heat exhaustion?
Which of the following states is primarily associated with the river Narmada?
Which of the following states is primarily associated with the river Narmada?
Which condition has body temperatures exceeding 40°C associated with severe symptoms?
Which condition has body temperatures exceeding 40°C associated with severe symptoms?
What percentage of India's workforce is estimated to be exposed to heat during working hours?
What percentage of India's workforce is estimated to be exposed to heat during working hours?
What role does public awareness have in non-structural flood mitigation measures?
What role does public awareness have in non-structural flood mitigation measures?
Which of these rivers is associated with the states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu?
Which of these rivers is associated with the states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu?
What is a primary structural measure for mitigating the effects of cyclones?
What is a primary structural measure for mitigating the effects of cyclones?
What impact does heat exposure have on labor productivity?
What impact does heat exposure have on labor productivity?
Which of the following options is NOT considered a non-structural measure for cyclonic risk mitigation?
Which of the following options is NOT considered a non-structural measure for cyclonic risk mitigation?
Which of the following regions has reported crop losses due to increased temperatures?
Which of the following regions has reported crop losses due to increased temperatures?
What purpose do drains, canals, and water tanks serve in cyclone mitigation?
What purpose do drains, canals, and water tanks serve in cyclone mitigation?
Cold wave conditions in India are primarily experienced during which months?
Cold wave conditions in India are primarily experienced during which months?
What is the function of towers recommended for communication during cyclones?
What is the function of towers recommended for communication during cyclones?
What is NOT a health impact associated with cold waves?
What is NOT a health impact associated with cold waves?
Which measure is aimed at reducing cyclonic risk through effective policies?
Which measure is aimed at reducing cyclonic risk through effective policies?
What consequence of heat waves exacerbates food insecurity?
What consequence of heat waves exacerbates food insecurity?
Which structural measure can serve as an alternative for evacuating people during floods?
Which structural measure can serve as an alternative for evacuating people during floods?
What is the role of hazard mapping in cyclone mitigation?
What is the role of hazard mapping in cyclone mitigation?
Which structural measure focuses on the protection of coastal areas specifically?
Which structural measure focuses on the protection of coastal areas specifically?
What is the primary purpose of the phased declaration of drought?
What is the primary purpose of the phased declaration of drought?
What initiates interim relief measures during a drought?
What initiates interim relief measures during a drought?
What natural event triggers a flash flood?
What natural event triggers a flash flood?
How does orographic lifting contribute to cloud formation?
How does orographic lifting contribute to cloud formation?
What step follows the declaration of drought by the SDMA Secretariat?
What step follows the declaration of drought by the SDMA Secretariat?
What role does steep slope play in the context of flash floods?
What role does steep slope play in the context of flash floods?
What is the consequence of a violent upward flow of air during a cloud burst?
What is the consequence of a violent upward flow of air during a cloud burst?
What is the best definition of orographic lifting?
What is the best definition of orographic lifting?
What defines a Cold Wave based on minimum temperature for plains?
What defines a Cold Wave based on minimum temperature for plains?
What is the criterion for categorizing a Severe Cold Wave based on actual minimum temperature for plain stations?
What is the criterion for categorizing a Severe Cold Wave based on actual minimum temperature for plain stations?
What departure from normal temperature is required to classify a Cold Wave for coastal stations?
What departure from normal temperature is required to classify a Cold Wave for coastal stations?
Which statement correctly describes a Severe Cold Wave based on the negative departure from normal temperature?
Which statement correctly describes a Severe Cold Wave based on the negative departure from normal temperature?
How is a Cold Wave defined for hilly regions?
How is a Cold Wave defined for hilly regions?
Study Notes
Geographic Regions
- Major Indian states include Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Bihar, West Bengal, Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Delhi.
- Rivers central to the region: Narmada, Tapi, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Cauvery.
- Additional states in focus: Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Odisha, Maharashtra, and Gujarat.
Flood Mitigation Measures
- Natural hazards cannot be fully prevented but can be mitigated through proper planning and disaster management.
- Mitigation measures aim to reduce risks associated with hazards and are divided into two categories:
- Structural measures: Physical constructions to minimize disaster impacts, such as reservoirs, dams, embankments, and water storage systems.
- Non-structural measures: Policies, regulations, awareness programs, and management practices that do not involve physical constructions, e.g., land use planning and public education.
Cyclone Mitigation Strategies
- Structural measures include the construction of cyclone shelters, roads, bridges, drains, and saline embankments for coastal protection.
- Effective communication and network towers are recommended based on historical cyclone data.
- Non-structural measures focus on early warning systems, public awareness, coastal zone management, and hazard mapping to enhance preparedness.
Drought Management
- Timely declaration of drought in three phases (end of July, September, and November) based on rainfall impacts and agricultural conditions.
- Interim relief and final relief measures are implemented based on drought assessments.
- Collaboration between State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) and other agencies for financial support post-drought declaration.
Cloud Bursts
- Occur when heavy rainfall from thunderstorms exceeds river capacity, leading to flash floods and extensive damage.
- Triggered by orographic lifting, where moist air rises and cools, preventing rain from dissipating over mountains or steep slopes.
Heat Waves
- Heat-related conditions: Heat cramps, exhaustion, and stroke with body temperatures rising above 40°C, potentially resulting in death.
- Labor productivity suffers, with an estimated loss of 162 hours per year due to heat exposure, affecting vulnerable workers like farmers and construction workers.
- Crop yields decline from high temperatures, leading to food insecurity and increased prices.
- Energy demand spikes as temperatures rise, reflecting the higher peak demand.
Cold Waves
- Cold wave conditions are characterized by significant drops in temperatures in winter (November to March), primarily affecting human health.
- Symptoms include respiratory illnesses, blood pressure issues, skin problems, and muscle pain.
- IMD defines cold waves with specific temperature criteria, such as minimum temperatures dropping below 10°C in plains and 0°C in hilly areas.
- Severe cold waves are defined by more extreme temperature drops.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the geographical features of India. This quiz covers various Indian states, their locations, and major rivers flowing through them. Challenge yourself to identify key regions and waterways from North to South India.
