Indian Railway Signalling Installations

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary objective of the joint inspections by Open Line and Construction organisation or Rly PSUs within 15 days of commissioning of Signalling work?

To verify the completion documents and maintenance accessories

To evaluate the performance of Open Line staff in construction activities

To ensure compliance with Category-A and Category-B items before handing over (correct)

To identify minor deficiencies in the construction activities

What is the role of Sr.DSTE of the division in the commissioning of signalling work?

To ensure Open line staff association with construction activities (correct)

To evaluate the performance of Construction organisation or Rly PSUs

To conduct joint inspections with Open Line and Construction organisation

To hand over the maintenance of the works executed to the division

What is included in the completion documents and maintenance accessories handed over to the division?

Only approved SIP and completion wiring diagrams

Only control tables, route control charts, and dog-charts

All the above, including approved SIP, completion wiring diagrams, and others (correct)

Only cable termination plans and power supply arrangement plans

Why is it essential to have a sighting committee certificate?

To ensure proper installation of signalling equipment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the 'As Laid' Cable route plan?

To record the cable route after construction Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the wire counts details in case of RRI?

To ensure the proper installation of RRI equipment Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the cable insulation test record?

To ensure the safety of the signalling installation Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to have a track circuit bonding plan?

To identify potential electrical hazards in the track circuit Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of FORM VIII, as stated in rule 5(1)(h)?

To document station machinery details Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for forwarding the commissioning information to the Commissioner of Railway Safety?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of obtaining approval from the Commissioner of Railway Safety?

To commission signalling installations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Rules laid down in the Indian Railway Act?

To ensure the safety of the travelling public Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for issuing a circular to notify railway officials before opening works?

The Operating Department Signup and view all the answers

What is required to be obtained before starting any work that affects the running line?

Legal authorisation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of notifying the Operating Department about the commencement of signalling work?

To enable the operating Department to give the station and running staff due notice Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of deviating from approved plans, drawings, and specifications?

Prior approval of the Principal Chief Signal and Telecommunication Engineer is required Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the General Rules and Subsidiary Rules for all Open Line Railways?

To ensure the safety of the travelling public Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Rules for Opening of a Railway or section of a Railway for the public carriage of passengers?

It ensures the safety of the travelling public Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Indian Railway Schedule of Dimensions?

To specify the dimensions of railway infrastructure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of the Signal Engineer incharge before commencing work?

To ensure proper men and materials are available for execution Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Signal Engineer incharge's frequent inspections?

To issue detailed instructions to the JE/SSE's Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the sanction of the Commissioner of Railway Safety or Principal Chief Signal and Telecom Engineer?

To give permission to commence work on lines already opened for passenger traffic Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Signal Engineer incharge's progress reports?

To make frequent progress reports to the Principal Chief Signal and Telecommunication Engineer Signup and view all the answers

Why is the sighting committee certificate essential?

To ensure that the new signals are sighted before commissioning Signup and view all the answers

What is the responsibility of the Engineer incharge regarding expenditure?

To be responsible for correct booking and control over expenditure Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Engineer incharge's involvement in the preparation of the Station working Rules?

To assist the Operating Department in preparation of the Station working Rules Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the detailed estimate for the work?

To ensure that the necessary allotment of funds is made Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Railway Safety Certificate?

To certify that the work has been done in accordance with the plans and regulations Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances is the Railway Safety Certificate required to be signed?

When the Commissioner of Railway Safety does not inspect the work prior to opening Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the description of work in the Railway Safety Certificate?

To identify the type of work being certified Signup and view all the answers

Who signs the Railway Safety Certificate on behalf of the Railway?

The Divisional Railway Manager Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Plan No. in the Railway Safety Certificate?

It is the plan number for the engineering work Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Signal Engineering Manual in the Railway Safety Certificate?

To provide guidelines for the signalling work Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the letter number and date in the Railway Safety Certificate?

It is the sanction number for the alterations Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the certification in the Railway Safety Certificate?

To ensure the safety of the railway system Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Commissioner of Railway Safety's certificate?

To provide a safety certificate for the public carriage of passengers Signup and view all the answers

What is the validity of the sanction accorded by the Commissioner of Railway Safety?

12 months from the date of sanction Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the communication 'Reference Sanction No………………….dated ………………'?

To notify the public about the opening of the work for traffic Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for submitting the safety certificate to the Commissioner of Railway Safety?

The Signal Engineer incharge Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of deviating from the approved plans, drawings, and specifications?

The work may not be safe for public carriage of passengers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the inspection by the Commissioner of Railway Safety?

To ensure the work is safe for public carriage of passengers Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the date of sanction in the certificate?

It determines the validity of the sanction Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'Certificate signed' statement in the communication?

To certify the work is safe for public carriage of passengers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary requirement for the General Manager of a Government railway to sanction the use of a new locomotive or rolling stock?

Proposal accompanied by diagrams and certificates Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of FORM VIII, as stated in rule 5(1)(h)?

To record the station machinery details Signup and view all the answers

What information is required in the section 'Names of Station' in FORM VIII?

Interlocking and signals details Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the calculations and stress sheets in the proposal for sanction of a new locomotive or rolling stock?

To show the effects of the rolling stock on bridges and tracks Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the PCSTE sanction?

To approve the work being carried out Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'LENGTH: 9.19 km' in FORM VIII?

It represents the total length of the railway section Signup and view all the answers

Who signs the certificate on Form Annexure: 9-A6 in the proposal for sanction of a new locomotive or rolling stock?

The Chief Engineer, the Chief Mechanical Engineer, and the Chief Electrical Engineer Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for forwarding the commissioning information to the Commissioner of Railway Safety?

Divisional Railway Manager Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the certificate referred to in clause (vii) of Para 9.4.2(b)?

To specify the maximum number of motive power units proposed to be coupled together Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for issuing the communication to the designated address after the work has been opened and the safety certificate has been signed?

The Principal Chief Signal & Telecommunication Engineer Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary requirement for the railway administration other than the Government railway to use a new locomotive or rolling stock?

Approval of the Central Government through the Commissioner Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the gauge specified in FORM VIII?

To determine the width of the railway tracks Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the validity of the PCSTE sanction?

The duration is specified in the sanction letter Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the safety certificate?

To ensure the safety of passengers Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the provisional speed certificate or final speed certificate in the proposal for sanction of a new locomotive or rolling stock?

To indicate the maximum speed of the locomotive Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the 'SECTION: LAKSHMIKANTPUR-KULPI' in FORM VIII?

To define the starting and ending points of the signalling work Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for submitting the safety certificate to the Principal Chief Signal & Telecommunication Engineer?

The Signal Engineer incharge Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'Non-Interlocked' column in FORM VIII?

It indicates the type of interlocking used in the station Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the cost of modification to signaling and telecommunication installations in the proposal for sanction of a new locomotive or rolling stock?

To determine the cost of modifications to signaling and telecommunication installations Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for completing FORM VIII?

Signal Engineer incharge Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the letter from the Principal Chief Signal & Telecommunication Engineer to the designated person?

To accord sanction to the work Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the sanction of the Central Government for introduction of the locomotives or rolling stock?

To permit the introduction of the locomotives or rolling stock on Indian railways Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of not submitting the safety certificate to the Principal Chief Signal & Telecommunication Engineer?

The work will be delayed Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for issuing the reconnection memo after the completion of the work?

The Principal Chief Signal & Telecommunication Engineer Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of the Dy.CSTE Concerned?

To analyse signal failures and inform the Sr.DSTE Signup and view all the answers

Who is required to associate themselves during the work execution stage of new/alteration works?

Open Line inspectors and Officers Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for undertaking the work of trenching and cable laying?

Approval from the Division Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for power supply equipment installed by construction organisation or Rly PSUs?

It should be in accordance with the latest policy/circular/instructions Signup and view all the answers

What tests are required to be carried out by the Open Line organisation before permitting the Executing agency to commence work?

Cable insulation test and power supply auditing Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Site Inspection Register?

It is used to record joint inspections and observations Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for working in existing location boxes?

The Open Line maintenance staff should be present Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of obtaining approval from the PCSTE/OL for power supply equipment?

For any deviation from the approved plan Signup and view all the answers

When is the prior approval of the Commissioner of Railway Safety/PCSTE required?

When any material deviation from the approved plan is necessary Signup and view all the answers

Who submits the Safety Certificate on the prescribed form (Annexure: 9-A2)?

Engineer-incharge Signup and view all the answers

What does the Engineer-incharge do before signing the Safety Certificate?

Tests the new works and sees that the installation has been carried out correctly Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the Commissioner of Railway Safety decides not to inspect the work prior to opening?

The Engineer-incharge submits the Safety Certificate Signup and view all the answers

Who may propose to inspect the works in accordance with the application made initially?

Commissioner of Railway Safety/PCSTE Signup and view all the answers

What is required before obtaining the prior approval of the Commissioner of Railway Safety/PCSTE?

Application made initially Signup and view all the answers

Who should be associated when the increase in speed of a locomotive or rolling stock is contemplated over the maximum sanctioned speed?

Both Chief Operating Manager and Chief Signalling and Telecommunications Engineer Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Joint Safety Certificate?

To certify the safe running of a new locomotive or rolling stock Signup and view all the answers

Who signs the Joint Safety Certificate on behalf of the Railway?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the speed restrictions and conditions mentioned in the Joint Safety Certificate?

To ensure the safe operation of the locomotive or rolling stock Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Chief Electrical Engineer required to sign the Joint Safety Certificate in certain cases?

When the shop maintenance and open line maintenance of electric locos and electrical multiple unit rolling stock are under the control of the electrical department Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of noting the maximum speed of the locomotive or rolling stock in the Joint Safety Certificate?

To ensure the locomotive or rolling stock is operated at a safe speed Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Railway Safety Certificate?

To certify that the work has been completed in accordance with the approved plans and specifications Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Signal Engineering Manual in the Railway Safety Certificate?

It lays down the requirements and instructions for the signalling work Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances is the Railway Safety Certificate required to be signed?

When the Commissioner of Railway Safety does not inspect the work prior to opening Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the description of work in the Railway Safety Certificate?

To describe the work that has been completed Signup and view all the answers

Who signs the Railway Safety Certificate on behalf of the Railway?

The Divisional Railway Manager/Deputy Chief Engineer (Construction)/Deputy Chief Signal and Telecommunication Engineer (Construction) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Plan No. in the Railway Safety Certificate?

It is the approved plan for the signalling work Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the certification in the Railway Safety Certificate?

To certify that the work has been completed in accordance with the approved plans and specifications Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the letter number and date in the Railway Safety Certificate?

It is the sanction accorded by the Commissioner of Railway Safety Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

General Instructions for Commissioning of Signalling Installations

The safety of the travelling public is ensured by rules laid down in the Indian Railway Act, General Rules & Subsidiary rules, and Rules for Opening of a Railway or section of a Railway for public carriage of passengers.
The rules provide for legal authorization to be obtained for any work affecting the running line before starting or bringing it into use, and before opening a new section of a line for public traffic.

Notification to Railway Officials

No signalling work affecting the running of trains or working of traffic at a station shall be brought into use until staff of all concerned Departments have been notified.
Timely intimation of the date of commencement of work, duration of work, arrangements for working of trains during the progress of the work, and date of opening of work shall be given to the Operating Department.

Approved Plans and Specifications

All works shall be carried out strictly in accordance with approved plans, standard drawings, and specifications.
Deviations, if any, shall have the prior approval of the Principal Chief Signal and Telecommunication Engineer.

Joint Inspections and Deficiencies

Within 15 days of commissioning of Signalling work, another joint inspection shall be undertaken by Open Line and Construction organisation or Rly PSUs.
Deficiencies noted during the inspection shall be listed in two categories: Category-A (to be complied before handing over) and Category-B (to be complied after handing over with target dates mutually agreed in writing).

Responsibilities of Sr.DSTE

The Sr.DSTE shall ensure that Open line staff actively associate with the construction activities, particularly in the areas of site plan, cable route plan, signal locations, power supply sources, and cable testing.

Handing Over of Maintenance

While handing over the maintenance of the works executed by the construction organisation or Rly PSUs, the following completion documents and maintenance accessories shall be handed over to the division:
- Approved SIP of the station
- Completion wiring diagrams
- Control Table/Selection Table/Locking Table/Route control chart and Dog-Chart
- Panel diagram/VDU diagrams (in case of panel or EI installations)
- Sighting Committee certificate
- Approved as well as updated ‘As Laid’ Cable route plan
- Cable termination plan/diagrams
- Wire counts details
- Power supply arrangement plan
- Cable insulation test record
- Signal infringements at the station
- Track circuit bonding plan

Responsibilities of Engineer Incharge

The Signal Engineer incharge shall ensure that no work is commenced without:
- Proper men and materials being available
- Approved signalling plans, locking tables, and diagrams
- Sanction of Commissioner of Railway Safety or Principal Chief Signal & Telecom Engineer
- Station working Rules and temporary working instructions
- Sanction to the detailed estimate for the work with necessary allotment of Funds
The Engineer incharge shall also be responsible for:
- Proper and efficient execution of works
- Frequent inspections and issue of detailed instructions
- Satisfactory progress of work and submission of progress reports
- Correct booking and control over expenditure within allotted funds
- Assistance in preparation of Station working Rules
- Arrangement for sighting of new Signals by sighting committee
- Fixing a date for opening jointly with other concerned officials and notifying the same to all concerned

Approval and Sanction for New Locomotives and Rolling Stock

The General Manager of a Government railway can sanction the use of new locomotives or rolling stock already introduced by the Central Government under Para 9.4.1.
Railway administrations other than Government railways require approval from the Central Government through the Commissioner for use of new locomotives or rolling stock.

Requirements for Sanction

The proposal for sanction must be accompanied by:
- Diagrams showing axle loads, wheel spacing, length over buffers, and other principal dimensions of the rolling stock.
- Provisional or final speed certificate issued by the Research, Design, and Standards Organisation.
- Sanction of the Central Government for introduction of the locomotives or rolling stock or increase in sanctioned maximum speed.
- Calculations and stress sheets showing conclusions, external forces, and stresses produced on bridges and tracks.
- Cost of modifications to signaling and telecommunication installations.
- Estimate of cost of improvements in existing structures or tracks.
- Certificate signed by the Chief Engineer, Chief Mechanical Engineer, and Chief Electrical Engineer.

Conditions for Certificate

The certificate must indicate that the speed certified does not exceed the limits laid down by the Research, Designs, and Standard Organisation.
The certificate must specify the maximum number of motive power units proposed to be coupled together for multiple operation.

Procedure for Commissioning of Signalling Installations

The Commissioner of Railway Safety issues a sanction for the work, which is valid for a specified period.
The work can be opened for public carriage of passengers after inspection by the Commissioner of Railway Safety or on receipt of a safety certificate.
The Commissioner of Railway Safety may inspect the work prior to its opening for public carriage of passengers.

Station Machinery and Interlocking

Station machinery includes interlocking, signals, and block systems.
The Sr.DSTE analyzes signal failures and takes corrective action.

Open Line Inspectors and Officers

Open Line inspectors and officers associate themselves with the work execution stage to acquaint themselves with the works and point out deficiencies.
Observations are jointly agreed and recorded in the "Site Inspection Register".

Joint Safety Certificate

The Joint Safety Certificate is required for new types of locomotives or rolling stock.
It certifies that it is safe to run a specific number of units on a designated section of the railway at a maximum speed.

Speed Restrictions and Conditions

The certificate includes speed restrictions and special conditions for the operation of the locomotives or rolling stock.
The speed restrictions include the nature of the restriction and the section of the railway where it applies.

Sign-Off Process

The Chief Operating Manager, Chief Signalling and Telecommunications Engineer, and other designated officials must sign the certificate.
The Commissioner of Railway Safety/PCSTE may inspect the works before opening and provide prior approval for any deviations from the approved plan.

Safety Certificate

The Safety Certificate is submitted by the Engineer-in-charge before opening the works.
The Engineer-in-charge must test the new works, ensure they are installed correctly, and confirm they can be opened to the public without endangering safety.
The Safety Certificate must be signed before opening temporary or new works if the Commissioner of Railway Safety does not inspect the work prior to opening.

Requirements for Safety Certificate

The Safety Certificate must confirm that:
- The schedule of dimensions has not been infringed.
- Engineering work has been carried out in accordance with the plan.
- The weight of rails, strength of bridges, and general structural character of the works meet prescribed requirements.
- Signalling and Interlocking have been carried out in accordance with the Signalling Plan and Signal Engineering Manual.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Learn about the rules and regulations governing the commissioning of signalling installations in Indian Railways, ensuring the safety of passengers.

Indian Railway Signalling Installations

Choose a study mode

Podcast

Questions and Answers

What is the primary objective of the joint inspections by Open Line and Construction organisation or Rly PSUs within 15 days of commissioning of Signalling work?

What is the role of Sr.DSTE of the division in the commissioning of signalling work?

What is included in the completion documents and maintenance accessories handed over to the division?

Why is it essential to have a sighting committee certificate?

What is the primary purpose of the 'As Laid' Cable route plan?

What is the significance of the wire counts details in case of RRI?

What is the purpose of the cable insulation test record?

Why is it essential to have a track circuit bonding plan?

What is the primary purpose of FORM VIII, as stated in rule 5(1)(h)?

Who is responsible for forwarding the commissioning information to the Commissioner of Railway Safety?

What is the purpose of obtaining approval from the Commissioner of Railway Safety?

What is the primary purpose of the Rules laid down in the Indian Railway Act?

Who is responsible for issuing a circular to notify railway officials before opening works?

What is required to be obtained before starting any work that affects the running line?

What is the purpose of notifying the Operating Department about the commencement of signalling work?

What is the consequence of deviating from approved plans, drawings, and specifications?

What is the purpose of the General Rules and Subsidiary Rules for all Open Line Railways?

What is the significance of the Rules for Opening of a Railway or section of a Railway for the public carriage of passengers?

What is the purpose of the Indian Railway Schedule of Dimensions?

What is the primary responsibility of the Signal Engineer incharge before commencing work?

What is the purpose of the Signal Engineer incharge's frequent inspections?

What is the significance of the sanction of the Commissioner of Railway Safety or Principal Chief Signal and Telecom Engineer?

What is the purpose of the Signal Engineer incharge's progress reports?

Why is the sighting committee certificate essential?

What is the responsibility of the Engineer incharge regarding expenditure?

What is the purpose of the Engineer incharge's involvement in the preparation of the Station working Rules?

What is the significance of the detailed estimate for the work?

What is the primary purpose of the Railway Safety Certificate?

Under what circumstances is the Railway Safety Certificate required to be signed?

What is the purpose of the description of work in the Railway Safety Certificate?

Who signs the Railway Safety Certificate on behalf of the Railway?

What is the significance of the Plan No. in the Railway Safety Certificate?

What is the purpose of the Signal Engineering Manual in the Railway Safety Certificate?

What is the significance of the letter number and date in the Railway Safety Certificate?

What is the purpose of the certification in the Railway Safety Certificate?

What is the primary purpose of the Commissioner of Railway Safety's certificate?

What is the validity of the sanction accorded by the Commissioner of Railway Safety?

What is the purpose of the communication 'Reference Sanction No………………….dated ………………'?

Who is responsible for submitting the safety certificate to the Commissioner of Railway Safety?

What is the consequence of deviating from the approved plans, drawings, and specifications?

What is the primary purpose of the inspection by the Commissioner of Railway Safety?

What is the significance of the date of sanction in the certificate?

What is the purpose of the 'Certificate signed' statement in the communication?

What is the primary requirement for the General Manager of a Government railway to sanction the use of a new locomotive or rolling stock?

What is the primary purpose of FORM VIII, as stated in rule 5(1)(h)?

What information is required in the section 'Names of Station' in FORM VIII?

What is the purpose of the calculations and stress sheets in the proposal for sanction of a new locomotive or rolling stock?

What is the primary purpose of the PCSTE sanction?

What is the significance of the 'LENGTH: 9.19 km' in FORM VIII?

Who signs the certificate on Form Annexure: 9-A6 in the proposal for sanction of a new locomotive or rolling stock?

Who is responsible for forwarding the commissioning information to the Commissioner of Railway Safety?

What is the purpose of the certificate referred to in clause (vii) of Para 9.4.2(b)?

Who is responsible for issuing the communication to the designated address after the work has been opened and the safety certificate has been signed?

What is the primary requirement for the railway administration other than the Government railway to use a new locomotive or rolling stock?

What is the purpose of the gauge specified in FORM VIII?

What is the duration of the validity of the PCSTE sanction?

What is the purpose of the safety certificate?

What is the purpose of the provisional speed certificate or final speed certificate in the proposal for sanction of a new locomotive or rolling stock?

What is the role of the 'SECTION: LAKSHMIKANTPUR-KULPI' in FORM VIII?

Who is responsible for submitting the safety certificate to the Principal Chief Signal & Telecommunication Engineer?

What is the significance of the 'Non-Interlocked' column in FORM VIII?

What is the purpose of the cost of modification to signaling and telecommunication installations in the proposal for sanction of a new locomotive or rolling stock?

Who is responsible for completing FORM VIII?

What is the purpose of the letter from the Principal Chief Signal & Telecommunication Engineer to the designated person?

What is the primary purpose of the sanction of the Central Government for introduction of the locomotives or rolling stock?

What is the consequence of not submitting the safety certificate to the Principal Chief Signal & Telecommunication Engineer?

Who is responsible for issuing the reconnection memo after the completion of the work?

What is the primary responsibility of the Dy.CSTE Concerned?

Who is required to associate themselves during the work execution stage of new/alteration works?

What is the requirement for undertaking the work of trenching and cable laying?

What is the requirement for power supply equipment installed by construction organisation or Rly PSUs?

What tests are required to be carried out by the Open Line organisation before permitting the Executing agency to commence work?

What is the significance of the Site Inspection Register?

What is the requirement for working in existing location boxes?

What is the purpose of obtaining approval from the PCSTE/OL for power supply equipment?

When is the prior approval of the Commissioner of Railway Safety/PCSTE required?