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Questions and Answers
What was Bal Gangadhar Tilak's famous slogan?
What was Bal Gangadhar Tilak's famous slogan?
What was the primary geographical limitation of the Rowlatt Satyagraha?
What was the primary geographical limitation of the Rowlatt Satyagraha?
The British partitioned Bengal solely for the administrative convenience of the local Bengali population.
The British partitioned Bengal solely for the administrative convenience of the local Bengali population.
False (B)
What were the two main motives behind the British decision to partition Bengal?
What were the two main motives behind the British decision to partition Bengal?
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Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood as a direct response to the establishment of Satyagraha Sabhas.
Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood as a direct response to the establishment of Satyagraha Sabhas.
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What was the significance of Baisakhi day in the context of the Jallianwala Bagh tragedy?
What was the significance of Baisakhi day in the context of the Jallianwala Bagh tragedy?
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The struggle that unfolded after the partition of Bengal came to be known as the ________ movement.
The struggle that unfolded after the partition of Bengal came to be known as the ________ movement.
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What was one of the primary reasons for the demand for Indianisation of the civil service?
What was one of the primary reasons for the demand for Indianisation of the civil service?
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Besides Bengal, where else was the Swadeshi movement known by a different name?
Besides Bengal, where else was the Swadeshi movement known by a different name?
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General Dyer is infamous for the atrocities inflicted at ______.
General Dyer is infamous for the atrocities inflicted at ______.
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Match the events with their respective dates:
Match the events with their respective dates:
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Which of the following best describes the political alignment of individuals during the opposition to the Bengal partition?
Which of the following best describes the political alignment of individuals during the opposition to the Bengal partition?
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The early Congress primarily focused on social reforms rather than economic issues.
The early Congress primarily focused on social reforms rather than economic issues.
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Match the following regions/newspapers with their associated movement/founder:
Match the following regions/newspapers with their associated movement/founder:
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Besides the Indianisation of jobs, what other administrative reform did the early Congress advocate for?
Besides the Indianisation of jobs, what other administrative reform did the early Congress advocate for?
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What was the main objective of the participants during the Rowlatt Satyagraha concerning Hindu-Muslim relations?
What was the main objective of the participants during the Rowlatt Satyagraha concerning Hindu-Muslim relations?
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Satyagraha Sabhas were established by General Dyer to suppress the Rowlatt Satyagraha.
Satyagraha Sabhas were established by General Dyer to suppress the Rowlatt Satyagraha.
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The early Congress demanded the repeal of the ________ Act, advocating for greater civil liberties.
The early Congress demanded the repeal of the ________ Act, advocating for greater civil liberties.
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What was the primary method of protest employed during the Swadeshi movement following the partition of Bengal?
What was the primary method of protest employed during the Swadeshi movement following the partition of Bengal?
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Which of the following economic issues was NOT directly addressed by the early Congress?
Which of the following economic issues was NOT directly addressed by the early Congress?
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What action did Rabindranath Tagore take to express his reaction to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
What action did Rabindranath Tagore take to express his reaction to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
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Who initially opposed women's participation in the Salt Satyagraha?
Who initially opposed women's participation in the Salt Satyagraha?
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The early Congress supported the increase of land revenue to fund local development projects.
The early Congress supported the increase of land revenue to fund local development projects.
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Match the issues with the affected groups:
Match the issues with the affected groups:
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The Government of India Act of 1935 led to immediate and complete independence for India.
The Government of India Act of 1935 led to immediate and complete independence for India.
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What was the prevailing attitude of the British officials towards Indians holding positions of responsibility during the late 19th century?
What was the prevailing attitude of the British officials towards Indians holding positions of responsibility during the late 19th century?
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In how many provinces did the Congress form governments in 1937?
In how many provinces did the Congress form governments in 1937?
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The Government tried to crush the Salt Satyagraha movement through brutal action against peaceful ___________
The Government tried to crush the Salt Satyagraha movement through brutal action against peaceful ___________
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What event occurred in September 1939, following two years of Congress rule in the provinces?
What event occurred in September 1939, following two years of Congress rule in the provinces?
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Congress leaders were supportive of Hitler and his policies at the start of the Second World War.
Congress leaders were supportive of Hitler and his policies at the start of the Second World War.
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Which of the following groups participated in large numbers in the events described?
Which of the following groups participated in large numbers in the events described?
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What did the business federation publish regarding the Salt issue?
What did the business federation publish regarding the Salt issue?
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What was the primary reason for the Patidar peasants in Kheda, Gujarat, to organize non-violent campaigns?
What was the primary reason for the Patidar peasants in Kheda, Gujarat, to organize non-violent campaigns?
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The excerpt suggests that all protests during this period strictly adhered to Mahatma Gandhi's non-violent principles.
The excerpt suggests that all protests during this period strictly adhered to Mahatma Gandhi's non-violent principles.
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What was the main form of protest adopted by people in coastal Andhra and interior Tamil Nadu, as mentioned in the excerpt?
What was the main form of protest adopted by people in coastal Andhra and interior Tamil Nadu, as mentioned in the excerpt?
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In the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh, tribals and poor peasants staged a number of '______ satyagrahas' to protest restrictions on forest resources.
In the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh, tribals and poor peasants staged a number of '______ satyagrahas' to protest restrictions on forest resources.
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Match the region/group of people with their primary form of protest:
Match the region/group of people with their primary form of protest:
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What was the common belief among tribals and poor peasants in Andhra Pradesh regarding Gandhiji's role in their protests?
What was the common belief among tribals and poor peasants in Andhra Pradesh regarding Gandhiji's role in their protests?
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The decline in imports of foreign cloth between 1920 and 1922 signifies a complete collapse of the British economy.
The decline in imports of foreign cloth between 1920 and 1922 signifies a complete collapse of the British economy.
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Besides specific grievances, what underlying sentiment led people to link their movements to these local issues?
Besides specific grievances, what underlying sentiment led people to link their movements to these local issues?
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What was a common belief among peasants in many forest villages during the period described?
What was a common belief among peasants in many forest villages during the period described?
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In Sind, Hindu traders and peasants were enthusiastic about the Khilafat call.
In Sind, Hindu traders and peasants were enthusiastic about the Khilafat call.
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What did tea garden labourers in Assam demand, while shouting “Gandhi Maharaj ki Jai”?
What did tea garden labourers in Assam demand, while shouting “Gandhi Maharaj ki Jai”?
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The Akali agitation of the Sikhs sought to remove corrupt ______ from their gurdwaras.
The Akali agitation of the Sikhs sought to remove corrupt ______ from their gurdwaras.
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What substitution occurred in Assamese Vaishnava songs of the period?
What substitution occurred in Assamese Vaishnava songs of the period?
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Gandhiji actively encouraged class conflict as a means to achieve social justice.
Gandhiji actively encouraged class conflict as a means to achieve social justice.
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Match the region with the associated movement/activity:
Match the region with the associated movement/activity:
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What did illegal eviction refer to?
What did illegal eviction refer to?
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Flashcards
Repeal
Repeal
To undo a law or officially end its validity.
Indianisation
Indianisation
The process of placing Indians in official positions previously held by British officers.
Separation of Powers
Separation of Powers
Division of responsibilities between judiciary and executive branches.
Economic Issues Raised by Congress
Economic Issues Raised by Congress
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Land Revenue Increase
Land Revenue Increase
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Exports of Grains to Europe
Exports of Grains to Europe
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Salt Tax
Salt Tax
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Forest Administration Interference
Forest Administration Interference
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Satyagraha Sabhas
Satyagraha Sabhas
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Rowlatt Satyagraha
Rowlatt Satyagraha
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Jallianwala Bagh massacre
Jallianwala Bagh massacre
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Rabindranath Tagore's knighthood renunciation
Rabindranath Tagore's knighthood renunciation
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Unity of Hindus and Muslims
Unity of Hindus and Muslims
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Hartals
Hartals
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General Dyer
General Dyer
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Mahatma Gandhi's vision
Mahatma Gandhi's vision
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Swaraj
Swaraj
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Tilak's slogan
Tilak's slogan
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Partition of Bengal
Partition of Bengal
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Administrative convenience
Administrative convenience
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Viceroy Curzon
Viceroy Curzon
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Swadeshi Movement
Swadeshi Movement
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Vandemataram Movement
Vandemataram Movement
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Public demonstrations
Public demonstrations
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Non-violent resistance
Non-violent resistance
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Kheda movement
Kheda movement
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Forest Satyagrahas
Forest Satyagrahas
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Gandhiji's influence
Gandhiji's influence
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Picketing
Picketing
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Colonial grievances
Colonial grievances
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Liquor shop protests
Liquor shop protests
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Patidar community
Patidar community
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Khilafat Movement
Khilafat Movement
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Non-Cooperation Movement
Non-Cooperation Movement
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Akali Agitation
Akali Agitation
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Gandhi Maharaj
Gandhi Maharaj
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Divine Imagery of Gandhi
Divine Imagery of Gandhi
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Peasant Wage Demands
Peasant Wage Demands
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Crucial Communal Unity
Crucial Communal Unity
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Salt Satyagraha
Salt Satyagraha
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Sarojini Naidu
Sarojini Naidu
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Government of India Act 1935
Government of India Act 1935
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Congress rule in provinces
Congress rule in provinces
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Second World War impact
Second World War impact
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Brutal suppression of satyagrahis
Brutal suppression of satyagrahis
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Elections to provincial legislatures
Elections to provincial legislatures
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Role of peasants and women
Role of peasants and women
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Study Notes
The Making of the National Movement (1870s-1947)
- British conquest of territories and takeover of kingdoms during the 1870s-1947 period
- Introduction of new laws and administrative institutions
- Changes in the lives of peasants and tribals
- Nineteenth-century educational reforms
- Debates about the condition of women
- Challenges to the caste system
- Social and religious reforms
- The 1857 revolt and its aftermath
- Decline of craft industries and rise of industries
- Indian discontent with British rule
Emergence of Nationalism
- Questioning of India's identity and purpose
- The rise of the people of India irrespective of class, colour, caste, creed, language, or gender.
- The British exercising control over India's resources and people's lives
- Awareness of British control as a key factor preventing India from being for Indians.
- New political associations formed after 1850, emphasizing all people of India.
- Leadership by English educated people like lawyers, prominent in the associations.
- Associations like Poona Sarvajanik Sabha, Indian Association, Madras Mahajan Sabha, Bombay Presidency Association and the Indian National Congress.
- The word “sarvajanik” literally means "of or for all the people."
- The desire for Indian people to be sovereign, to make decisions concerning their own affairs
- Increasing dissatisfaction with British Rule in the 1870's and 1880s
- Arms Act 1878 forbid Indians from possessing arms
- Vernacular Press Act of 1878, curbed government critics
- Ilbert Bill 1883, controversy highlighting racial attitudes towards Indians
The Emergence of Nationalism Continued
-
The Indian National Congress formation
-
Established in 1885 with 72 delegates from across India
-
Initial leadership includes prominent figures from Bombay and Calcutta like Dadabhai Naoroji, Pherozeshah Mehta, Badruddin Tyabji, W.C. Bonnerji, among others.
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British officials and businessmen involved in the administration were the main drivers
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Aims included greater representation of Indians in government and administration, increased Indian participation in high government positions and civil service examinations in India, not only in London.
The Emergence of Mass Nationalism
- Increased involvement of peasants, tribal people, students, women and even factory workers in the movement after 1919.
- Economic and political changes due to World War one
- Government increased defense spending which increased taxes on incomes and business profits.
- Demand for industrial goods increased
- Decline of imports from foreign countries.
- Indian industries expanded and demanded opportunities for growth
Partition of Bengal-1905
- Viceroy Curzon divided Bengal in 1905
- British administration for convenience
- Increased opposition and anger throughout India
- The Swadeshi movement arose in resistance
- The movement aimed at encouraging self-help, Indian enterprise, national education, and the use of Indian languages.
Revolutionary Violence
- Use of violence to achieve radical social change
- Individuals, groups began advocating for revolutionary violence, in opposition of British rule and wanting independence.
- Emergence of extremist groups
The Rowlatt Satyagraha
- Gandhiji called a Satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act.
- Government restricted freedoms of expression
- People launched the movement against the British Government
- Rowlatt Act was seen as a tyrannical move
- The protest movement began in 1919, highlighting the grievances in India
- The demonstrations and protests were followed by violent actions and arrests
- Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919
Khilafat Movement & Non-Cooperation
- Khilafat issue in 1920
- Growing tensions between the British and the Muslims in India
- The leaders of the Khilafat movement wanted to initiate a full-fledged Non-Cooperation Movement
- Gandhiji supported their call
- Congress campaigned against Punjab wrongs
The March to Dandi (1930)
- Gandhiji's initiative to break the salt law
- The Salt Law gave the British a monopoly on salt production
- The March was intended to appeal to people's shared grievance about the tax and freedom from British rule
- Satyagrah to gain Independence from British rule
- Diverse groups participating in the movement
Quit India Movement (1942)
- Mahatma Gandhi's call for India's immediate independence
- British had imposed heavy taxes and restrictions on the people of India during World War II
- British oppression of peaceful protest
- Mass civil disobedience with significant violent actions
- Large arrests by the British Government
Formation of INA
- Formation of the Indian National Army (INA)
- Subhas Chandra Bose, leader of INA, wanted to fight for Indian independence through forceful measures.
- Allied with the Axis powers during World War II
- The trials of INA members became a symbol of popular resistance
The Making of a New Nation
- Formation of the Muslim league by Mohammad Ali Jinnah in 1940
- Creation of Pakistan
- Growing communal tensions between Hindus and Muslims
- Violence during the partition
- Resulting in the formation of Pakistan in 1947
- Large scale migration and displacement of the people of India.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the Indian independence movement. Questions cover key events, figures like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, the Rowlatt Satyagraha, the partition of Bengal, and the Jallianwala Bagh tragedy. Explore the Swadeshi movement and the demand for Indianisation.