Indian Independence Movement Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What was Bal Gangadhar Tilak's famous slogan?

  • "Ask not what your country can do for you..."
  • "Give me liberty or give me death!"
  • "I have a dream!"
  • "Freedom is my birthright and I shall have it!" (correct)
  • What was the primary geographical limitation of the Rowlatt Satyagraha?

  • It was primarily active in coastal regions.
  • It was largely restricted to the cities. (correct)
  • It was limited to the northern part of India.
  • It was mainly confined to rural areas.
  • The British partitioned Bengal solely for the administrative convenience of the local Bengali population.

    False (B)

    What were the two main motives behind the British decision to partition Bengal?

    <p>To curtail the influence of Bengali politicians and to split the Bengali people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood as a direct response to the establishment of Satyagraha Sabhas.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Baisakhi day in the context of the Jallianwala Bagh tragedy?

    <p>The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on Baisakhi day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The struggle that unfolded after the partition of Bengal came to be known as the ________ movement.

    <p>Swadeshi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the primary reasons for the demand for Indianisation of the civil service?

    <p>To reduce the economic drain of wealth from India to England. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides Bengal, where else was the Swadeshi movement known by a different name?

    <p>Deltaic Andhra (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    General Dyer is infamous for the atrocities inflicted at ______.

    <p>Jallianwala Bagh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the events with their respective dates:

    <p>Jallianwala Bagh Massacre = April 13, 1919 Beginning of Rowlatt Satyagraha = April 1919</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the political alignment of individuals during the opposition to the Bengal partition?

    <p>All sections of the Congress, including both Moderates and Radicals, opposed the partition. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The early Congress primarily focused on social reforms rather than economic issues.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following regions/newspapers with their associated movement/founder:

    <p>Bengal Partition = Swadeshi Movement Bal Gangadhar Tilak = Kesari Deltaic Andhra = Vandemataram Movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides the Indianisation of jobs, what other administrative reform did the early Congress advocate for?

    <p>separation of the judiciary from the executive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main objective of the participants during the Rowlatt Satyagraha concerning Hindu-Muslim relations?

    <p>To ensure Hindus and Muslims were united in the fight against British rule. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Satyagraha Sabhas were established by General Dyer to suppress the Rowlatt Satyagraha.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The early Congress demanded the repeal of the ________ Act, advocating for greater civil liberties.

    <p>Arms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary method of protest employed during the Swadeshi movement following the partition of Bengal?

    <p>Large public meetings and demonstrations coupled with novel methods of mass protest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following economic issues was NOT directly addressed by the early Congress?

    <p>Establishment of national banks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action did Rabindranath Tagore take to express his reaction to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?

    <p>He renounced his knighthood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who initially opposed women's participation in the Salt Satyagraha?

    <p>Mahatma Gandhi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The early Congress supported the increase of land revenue to fund local development projects.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the issues with the affected groups:

    <p>Salt Tax = General Public Land Revenue = Peasants and Zamindars Forest Administration = Forest Dwellers Treatment of Indian Labourers = Indian workers abroad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Government of India Act of 1935 led to immediate and complete independence for India.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the prevailing attitude of the British officials towards Indians holding positions of responsibility during the late 19th century?

    <p>They generally assumed that Indians were not suited for positions of responsibility. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In how many provinces did the Congress form governments in 1937?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Government tried to crush the Salt Satyagraha movement through brutal action against peaceful ___________

    <p>satyagrahis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event occurred in September 1939, following two years of Congress rule in the provinces?

    <p>The Second World War broke out (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Congress leaders were supportive of Hitler and his policies at the start of the Second World War.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups participated in large numbers in the events described?

    <p>Peasants, tribals, and women (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the business federation publish regarding the Salt issue?

    <p>pamphlet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason for the Patidar peasants in Kheda, Gujarat, to organize non-violent campaigns?

    <p>To resist the high land revenue demand imposed by the British. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The excerpt suggests that all protests during this period strictly adhered to Mahatma Gandhi's non-violent principles.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main form of protest adopted by people in coastal Andhra and interior Tamil Nadu, as mentioned in the excerpt?

    <p>picketing liquor shops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh, tribals and poor peasants staged a number of '______ satyagrahas' to protest restrictions on forest resources.

    <p>forest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the region/group of people with their primary form of protest:

    <p>Kheda peasants = Campaigns against high land revenue Tribals and poor peasants of Guntur = Forest Satyagrahas People in Coastal Andhra and interior Tamil Nadu = Picketing of liquor shops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the common belief among tribals and poor peasants in Andhra Pradesh regarding Gandhiji's role in their protests?

    <p>Gandhiji would get their taxes reduced and have the forest regulations abolished. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The decline in imports of foreign cloth between 1920 and 1922 signifies a complete collapse of the British economy.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides specific grievances, what underlying sentiment led people to link their movements to these local issues?

    <p>resistance to British rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common belief among peasants in many forest villages during the period described?

    <p>“Gandhi Raj” was about to be established, signaling an era of self-rule. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Sind, Hindu traders and peasants were enthusiastic about the Khilafat call.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did tea garden labourers in Assam demand, while shouting “Gandhi Maharaj ki Jai”?

    <p>A big increase in their wages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Akali agitation of the Sikhs sought to remove corrupt ______ from their gurdwaras.

    <p>mahants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substitution occurred in Assamese Vaishnava songs of the period?

    <p>References to Krishna were substituted by “Gandhi Raja”. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gandhiji actively encouraged class conflict as a means to achieve social justice.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the region with the associated movement/activity:

    <p>Sind = Enthusiastic support for the Khilafat call among Muslim traders and peasants. Punjab = Akali agitation of the Sikhs Assam = Tea garden labourers demanding wage increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did illegal eviction refer to?

    <p>Forcible and unlawful throwing out of tenants from the land they rent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Repeal

    To undo a law or officially end its validity.

    Indianisation

    The process of placing Indians in official positions previously held by British officers.

    Separation of Powers

    Division of responsibilities between judiciary and executive branches.

    Economic Issues Raised by Congress

    Congress pointed out poverty and famines due to British colonial rule.

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    Land Revenue Increase

    Rise in taxes on land that impoverished local peasants and zamindars.

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    Exports of Grains to Europe

    British export of Indian grains caused food shortages in India.

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    Salt Tax

    A tax imposed by the British on salt production and sales.

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    Forest Administration Interference

    British policies affecting the livelihoods of forest dwellers and laborers.

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    Satyagraha Sabhas

    Organized groups to launch the Satyagraha movement.

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    Rowlatt Satyagraha

    First all-India struggle against the British government in 1919.

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    Jallianwala Bagh massacre

    Brutal suppression of a gathering by General Dyer in Amritsar.

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    Rabindranath Tagore's knighthood renunciation

    Tagore renounced his title in protest of Jallianwala Bagh atrocities.

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    Unity of Hindus and Muslims

    Goal during Rowlatt Satyagraha to unite religious communities against British rule.

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    Hartals

    Strikes and demonstrations against British government policies.

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    General Dyer

    British officer responsible for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.

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    Mahatma Gandhi's vision

    Idea of India as a land of unity among all religions.

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    Swaraj

    A term meaning self-rule or independence, advocated by Tilak.

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    Tilak's slogan

    Freedom is my birthright and I shall have it!

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    Partition of Bengal

    The 1905 division of Bengal by British authorities for administrative reasons.

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    Administrative convenience

    A rationale used by British to justify dividing Bengal.

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    Viceroy Curzon

    The British official responsible for the Partition of Bengal.

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    Swadeshi Movement

    A movement opposing the Partition of Bengal through boycotts and local goods promotion.

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    Vandemataram Movement

    The Swadeshi movement's presence in deltaic Andhra, named after a patriotic song.

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    Public demonstrations

    Large gatherings organized in protest against British policies.

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    Non-violent resistance

    Protest methods that avoid violence, often used in Indian independence movements.

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    Kheda movement

    A campaign by Patidar peasants in Gujarat against high land revenues.

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    Forest Satyagrahas

    Protests by tribals against restrictions on their forest resource use.

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    Gandhiji's influence

    Mahatma Gandhi inspired people to take action against colonial rule.

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    Picketing

    Protesting outside a location to dissuade others from entering.

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    Colonial grievances

    Local issues and complaints against British authorities that sparked protests.

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    Liquor shop protests

    Demonstrations against liquor stores as a form of civil disobedience.

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    Patidar community

    A group of farmers in Gujarat known for their activism during the independence movement.

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    Khilafat Movement

    A campaign by Muslim traders and peasants for the Ottoman Caliphate's support.

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    Non-Cooperation Movement

    A civil disobedience campaign encouraging boycott of British goods and services.

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    Akali Agitation

    Sikh movement to remove corrupt leaders from gurdwaras, linked to Non-Cooperation.

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    Gandhi Maharaj

    Title peasants used in Assam, believed to represent an ideal leader.

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    Divine Imagery of Gandhi

    Representation of Gandhi akin to religious figures in popular culture.

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    Peasant Wage Demands

    Tea garden laborers protested for higher wages during the movement.

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    Crucial Communal Unity

    Strength in national movement fostered by Khilafat-Non-Cooperation alliance.

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    Salt Satyagraha

    A nonviolent protest led by Gandhi against the British salt tax in 1930.

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    Sarojini Naidu

    A prominent Indian freedom fighter who advocated for women's involvement in the Salt Satyagraha.

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    Government of India Act 1935

    Legislation that established provincial autonomy in India.

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    Congress rule in provinces

    From 1937 to 1939, Congress formed governments in 7 out of 11 provinces.

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    Second World War impact

    The war that affected the Indian independence movement and Congress's stance during 1939.

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    Brutal suppression of satyagrahis

    Harsh measures taken by the British against peaceful protestors during the Salt Satyagraha.

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    Elections to provincial legislatures

    Elections held in 1937 as part of the provincial autonomy given by the 1935 Act.

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    Role of peasants and women

    Significant participation of peasants, tribals, and women in the Salt Satyagraha and other movements.

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    Study Notes

    The Making of the National Movement (1870s-1947)

    • British conquest of territories and takeover of kingdoms during the 1870s-1947 period
    • Introduction of new laws and administrative institutions
    • Changes in the lives of peasants and tribals
    • Nineteenth-century educational reforms
    • Debates about the condition of women
    • Challenges to the caste system
    • Social and religious reforms
    • The 1857 revolt and its aftermath
    • Decline of craft industries and rise of industries
    • Indian discontent with British rule

    Emergence of Nationalism

    • Questioning of India's identity and purpose
    • The rise of the people of India irrespective of class, colour, caste, creed, language, or gender.
    • The British exercising control over India's resources and people's lives
    • Awareness of British control as a key factor preventing India from being for Indians.
    • New political associations formed after 1850, emphasizing all people of India.
    • Leadership by English educated people like lawyers, prominent in the associations.
    • Associations like Poona Sarvajanik Sabha, Indian Association, Madras Mahajan Sabha, Bombay Presidency Association and the Indian National Congress.
    • The word “sarvajanik” literally means "of or for all the people."
    • The desire for Indian people to be sovereign, to make decisions concerning their own affairs
    • Increasing dissatisfaction with British Rule in the 1870's and 1880s
    • Arms Act 1878 forbid Indians from possessing arms
    • Vernacular Press Act of 1878, curbed government critics
    • Ilbert Bill 1883, controversy highlighting racial attitudes towards Indians

    The Emergence of Nationalism Continued

    • The Indian National Congress formation

    • Established in 1885 with 72 delegates from across India

    • Initial leadership includes prominent figures from Bombay and Calcutta like Dadabhai Naoroji, Pherozeshah Mehta, Badruddin Tyabji, W.C. Bonnerji, among others.

    • British officials and businessmen involved in the administration were the main drivers

    • Aims included greater representation of Indians in government and administration, increased Indian participation in high government positions and civil service examinations in India, not only in London.

    The Emergence of Mass Nationalism

    • Increased involvement of peasants, tribal people, students, women and even factory workers in the movement after 1919.
    • Economic and political changes due to World War one
    • Government increased defense spending which increased taxes on incomes and business profits.
    • Demand for industrial goods increased
    • Decline of imports from foreign countries.
    • Indian industries expanded and demanded opportunities for growth

    Partition of Bengal-1905

    • Viceroy Curzon divided Bengal in 1905
    • British administration for convenience
    • Increased opposition and anger throughout India
    • The Swadeshi movement arose in resistance
    • The movement aimed at encouraging self-help, Indian enterprise, national education, and the use of Indian languages.

    Revolutionary Violence

    • Use of violence to achieve radical social change
    • Individuals, groups began advocating for revolutionary violence, in opposition of British rule and wanting independence.
    • Emergence of extremist groups

    The Rowlatt Satyagraha

    • Gandhiji called a Satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act.
    • Government restricted freedoms of expression
    • People launched the movement against the British Government
    • Rowlatt Act was seen as a tyrannical move
    • The protest movement began in 1919, highlighting the grievances in India
    • The demonstrations and protests were followed by violent actions and arrests
    • Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919

    Khilafat Movement & Non-Cooperation

    • Khilafat issue in 1920
    • Growing tensions between the British and the Muslims in India
    • The leaders of the Khilafat movement wanted to initiate a full-fledged Non-Cooperation Movement
    • Gandhiji supported their call
    • Congress campaigned against Punjab wrongs

    The March to Dandi (1930)

    • Gandhiji's initiative to break the salt law
    • The Salt Law gave the British a monopoly on salt production
    • The March was intended to appeal to people's shared grievance about the tax and freedom from British rule
    • Satyagrah to gain Independence from British rule
    • Diverse groups participating in the movement

    Quit India Movement (1942)

    • Mahatma Gandhi's call for India's immediate independence
    • British had imposed heavy taxes and restrictions on the people of India during World War II
    • British oppression of peaceful protest
    • Mass civil disobedience with significant violent actions
    • Large arrests by the British Government

    Formation of INA

    • Formation of the Indian National Army (INA)
    • Subhas Chandra Bose, leader of INA, wanted to fight for Indian independence through forceful measures.
    • Allied with the Axis powers during World War II
    • The trials of INA members became a symbol of popular resistance

    The Making of a New Nation

    • Formation of the Muslim league by Mohammad Ali Jinnah in 1940
    • Creation of Pakistan
    • Growing communal tensions between Hindus and Muslims
    • Violence during the partition
    • Resulting in the formation of Pakistan in 1947
    • Large scale migration and displacement of the people of India.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the Indian independence movement. Questions cover key events, figures like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, the Rowlatt Satyagraha, the partition of Bengal, and the Jallianwala Bagh tragedy. Explore the Swadeshi movement and the demand for Indianisation.

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