Indian Independence Movement

• The primary motivation behind the establishment of the East India Company (EEIC) in India was to control trade and resources.
• The British did not implement railways, telegraph, and postal systems in India primarily to benefit the Indian population.
• The main objective of the Swadeshi movement was Indian Independence
• The Partition of Bengal in 1905 was largely driven by the British policy to weaken the unity of Hindus and Muslims.

Leaders and Their Roles/Contributions

• Allan Octavian Hume: Founder of the Indian National Congress.
• Swami Vivekananda: Spiritual leader and social reformer.
• Bal Gangadhar Tilak: Advocate for self-rule and coined the slogan 'Swaraj is my birthright'.
• Raja Rammohan Roy: Advocate for women's rights and modern education.
• A significant outcome of the Revolt of 1857 was the transfer of control from the East India Company to the British Crown.
• The early leaders of the Indian National Congress (INC) did not advocate for immediate and complete independence from British rule.

Home Rule Leagues

• The Home Rule Leagues, founded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Annie Besant, aimed to achieve self-rule for India through constitutional means.

Events and Their Years

• Revolt of 1857: 1857
• Formation of the Indian National Congress: 1885
• Battle of Plassey: 1757
• Partition of Bengal: 1905

Impact of British Industrial Policies

• British industrial policies led to the decline of Indian handicrafts due to competition from cheaper factory-made goods.
• The British government did not encourage the production of food crops by Indian farmers to ensure food security in India.
• Reformers like Raja Rammohan Roy fought to abolish social evils.
• The shift of the capital of British India from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911 reflected a strategic decision by the British government.

Revolutionaries and Their Actions/Regions

• Bagha Jatin: Revolutionary who fought against the British in Bengal.
• Khudiram Bose: Youngest revolutionary to be hanged for his actions against the British.
• Mangal Pandey: Triggered the Revolt of 1857 with his actions.
• Rani Lakshmi Bai: Queen who fought bravely against the British in Jhansi.
• The introduction of Western education and ideas of liberty and equality contributed most significantly to the rise of nationalism among Indians.
• The British did not act in the best interests of the Indian people.
• 'Sati' refers to the practice of a widow immolating herself on her husband's funeral pyre, a social evil that reformers like Raja Rammohan Roy were vehemently against.

Battles and Their Years

• Battle of Plassey: 1757
• Battle of Buxar: 1764