Indian Constitution Rights Overview
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Questions and Answers

What are the primary grounds upon which the State is prohibited from discriminating against a citizen?

The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any combination of those factors.

Name two types of public places that citizens should not have restricted access to based on religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.

Based on the text, citizens should not have restricted access to shops and public restaurants, amongst other places based on those grounds.

Can the state make special provisions for women and children? Answer yes or no.

yes

Besides women and children, name one other group of people for whom the State may make special provisions.

<p>The State can also make special provisions for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can the State discriminate against citizens based on their parent's social class? Answer yes or no.

<p>no</p> Signup and view all the answers

What categories of people can the State make special provisions for in regards to education?

<p>The State can make special provisions for socially and educationally backward classes, Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and economically weaker sections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what type of educational institution is excluded from the special provisions?

<p>Minority educational institutions referred to in clause (1) of article 30 are excluded from these special provisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the document, how is 'economically weaker sections' defined?

<p>Economically weaker sections are such as may be notified by the State based on family income and other indicators of economic disadvantage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum percentage of seats that can be reserved for economically weaker sections, according to the text?

<p>The maximum reservation for economically weaker sections is 10% of the total seats in each category.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can reservations be made for economically weaker sections who are already part of the classes mentioned in clauses (4) and (5)?

<p>No, special provisions for economically weaker sections are for those other than the classes mentioned in clauses (4) and (5).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Prohibition of Discrimination in Article 15

The government cannot discriminate against citizens based on their religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.

Equal Access to Public Places in Article 15(2)(a)

This clause ensures that citizens cannot be denied access to places like shops, restaurants, hotels, and entertainment venues based on protected characteristics.

Equal Access to Public Resources in Article 15(2)(b)

Citizens cannot be prevented from using public resources like wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads, and places of public resort due to their religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.

Special Provisions for Women and Children in Article 15(3)

The state can create special programs to help women and children, even if these programs involve some differences from those for others.

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Special Provisions for Backward Classes and Scheduled Castes/Tribes in Article 15(4)

The state can create programs to benefit socially and educationally backward classes, Scheduled Castes, and Scheduled Tribes, even if they are not available to everyone.

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Special Provisions for Socially and Educationally Backward Classes

The Indian Constitution allows the state to make special provisions for the advancement of socially and educationally backward classes, including Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, in terms of admission to educational institutions, including private institutions, excluding minority educational institutions.

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Special Provisions for Economically Weaker Sections

The state can make special provisions for the advancement of economically weaker sections of citizens, apart from those covered under Article 15(4) and (5), regarding admission to educational institutions, including private ones, with a maximum reservation of 10% of total seats in each category.

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Reservation for Economically Weaker Sections in Educational Institutions

The state can make special provisions for the advancement of any economically weaker sections of citizens, but only for their admission to educational institutions, including private ones. This reservation is in addition to existing reservations and is capped at 10% of total seats in each category.

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Defining "Economically Weaker Sections"

The state decides which groups qualify as "economically weaker sections" based on factors like family income and other indicators of economic disadvantage.

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Balancing Reservations

Article 15(6) of the Indian Constitution ensures that special provisions meant for economically weaker sections do not infringe on the existing reservations of the socially and educationally backward classes, Scheduled Castes, and Scheduled Tribes.

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Study Notes

Article 15: Prohibition of Discrimination

  • General Prohibition: The State cannot discriminate against citizens based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
  • Equal Access to Public Facilities: Citizens cannot face disabilities, liabilities, restrictions, or conditions regarding access to shops, restaurants, hotels, entertainment venues, and public facilities like wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads, maintained or dedicated to public use.
  • Special Provisions Allowed: The article allows the State to make special provisions for women and children.
  • Backward Classes: The State can make special provisions for the advancement of socially and educationally backward classes, Scheduled Castes, and Scheduled Tribes. This includes their admission to educational institutions, including private ones.
  • Economically Weaker Sections: The State can make special provisions for economically weaker sections of citizens, not included in previous provisions, regarding admission to educational institutions (this includes private institutions). The reservation for this group would be in addition to existing ones and capped at 10% of total seats per category.
  • Definition: "Economically weaker sections" are determined by the State based on family income and other economic disadvantage indicators.

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Description

Explore the fundamental rights and provisions detailed in the Indian Constitution that protect citizens from discrimination. This quiz covers various topics including restrictions based on religion, race, and social class, as well as the state's role in making special provisions for marginalized groups. Test your knowledge on these essential aspects of constitutional law.

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