Questions and Answers
In good work views, which focus is given?
Is self-interest an impediment or hindrance to responsibility?
Is fear an impediment or hindrance to responsibility?
What is another hindrance to responsibility?
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Honesty is defined as which of the following?
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What does Dharma refer to?
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Honesty is regarded as which statement?
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Engineering honesty means doing which of the following?
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Engineers should not indulge in which of the following?
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Telling the truth when one should not is described as which of the following?
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Misusing the truth is defined as which of the following?
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Failure to reveal the truth means which of the following?
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Deliberate deception means what?
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Withholding information is defined as which of the following?
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Corrupting the truth means which of the following?
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What is the total strength of the Supreme Court?
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Who does appoint the judges of the Supreme Court?
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Who does appoint the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?
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On what grounds can judges be removed?
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Name the article empowering the Supreme Court to issue writs for the enforcement of fundamental rights.
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The governor of a state is
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Who among the following can remove a Chief Minister from office?
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Members of the Council of Ministers are appointed by
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The position of Chief Minister in the Council of Ministers is
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To become a judge of the High Court, one must be a practicing advocate of the High Court for at least?
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Right to education has been guaranteed to children between the age of?
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Judicial review means?
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Who among the following holds office during the pleasure of the President?
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Every citizen of age ____ years is eligible to vote in an election.
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Is it possible to separate professional ethics from personal ethics?
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The responsibilities of engineers are divided into?
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Study Notes
Indian Constitution Overview
- Date of Commencement: 26th January 1950
- Source of Authority: The Constitution derives authority from the people of India.
Key Features of the Constitution
- Secularism: The term signifies treating all religions equally, maintaining no preferential treatment for any religion.
- Right to Equality: Ensures all citizens are treated equally before the law.
- Special Provisions: States can make special provisions for women and children, and for the advancement of socially and educationally backward classes.
- Freedom of Speech: Includes freedom of the press but does not allow for disturbances or nuisances.
- Right to Assembly: Citizens can assemble peacefully without arms.
Legal Rights and Provisions
- Right to Property: Defined as an ordinary right rather than a fundamental right.
- Fundamental Rights: Guaranteed only to citizens, protecting individual liberties.
- Ex-Post Facto Laws: Implies laws that impose penalties for actions taken before the law was enacted.
- Double Jeopardy: Prohibits prosecution for the same offense more than once.
- Habeas Corpus: A legal action ensuring a person can be released from unlawful detention.
- Mandamus: A command to a public authority to perform its duty.
- Quo Warranto: Questions the authority of a person holding an office.
Structure of Government
- Parliament Structure: Comprises two houses, Lok Sabha (House of the People) and Rajya Sabha (Council of States).
- Strength of Rajya Sabha: Maximum of 250 members, with 12 nominated by the President.
- Lok Sabha: Maximum strength of 550 members with a term of 5 years.
- President: Serves a 5-year term, acts as the Supreme Commander of the armed forces, and has the power to declare emergencies.
Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles
- Fundamental Duties: Include obligations like protecting the environment and developing scientific temper.
- Directive Principles of State Policy: These are non-enforceable guidelines directing the state to promote social and economic welfare.
- Right to Education: Guaranteed as a fundamental right under Article 21(A), targeting education up to the age of 14.
Elections and Amendments
- Voting Age: Changed to 18 years through the 61st Amendment.
- First General Elections: Held in 1951-52, marking the establishment of democratic processes in India.
- Amendments to the Constitution: The preamble has been amended several times to reflect the evolving values.
Judicial System
- Supreme Court: The apex court, making provisions for issuing writs under Article 32 to enforce fundamental rights.
- High Court Jurisdiction: Judges retire at the age of 62. The appointment process involves the President selecting judges based on consultations with the Chief Justice.
State Governance
- Governors: Appointed by the President, serving as the nominal head of state with various legislative and emergency powers.
- Chief Minister's Powers: The Chief Minister controls the state cabinet and advises the Governor.
Special Provisions for States
- Reservation Policies: Address social inequalities by reserving seats for SCs and STs in legislatures.
- Safeguarding Rights of Minorities: The Constitution provides rights to minorities to preserve their culture and identity.
Additional Key Terms
- Locus Standi: Refers to the right to bring an action in court.
- Uniform Civil Code: Aims for common laws applicable to all citizens irrespective of religion.
- Rights Concerning Employment: Children below 14 years cannot be employed in hazardous work, reinforcing the emphasis on child labor laws.
Cultural and Heritage Protection
- Cultural Rights: Ensure the rights of minorities regarding cultural and educational opportunities are protected.
Concluding Notes
- The Indian Constitution is a dynamic document that incorporates democratic ideals, ensuring justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity among its citizens while addressing social challenges through fundamental rights and directive principles.### Legislative Council and Chief Minister
- Members in legislative council must be at least 40.
- Chief Minister is regarded as the "first among equals" in the council of ministers.
Judicial Requirements and Public Interest
- To be a High Court judge, must have at least 10 years of practice as an advocate.
- Public interest litigation is allowed when public interest is undermined.
High Court Powers
- High Court has superintendence over all lower courts and the power to create lower courts.
Judicial Activism and Review
- Judicial activism seeks to protect citizen rights and curtail government power.
- Judicial review involves examining laws passed by legislature and executive actions.
State Leadership and Composition
- Minimum age to become Chief Minister is 25 years.
- Total number of ministers, including the Chief Minister, must not be less than 15.
Appointment and Termination of Officials
- Judges of the High Court are appointed by the President of India.
- Chief Election Commissioner can only be removed in a manner similar to a Supreme Court judge.
Emergency Provisions
- Constitution provides for three types of emergencies: National, State, and Financial.
- National emergency can be declared based on war, internal disturbance, or threats to security.
Right to Education and Marriage Age
- Right to education is guaranteed for children aged 6 to 14 years.
- Legal age for marriage is 21 for boys and 18 for girls.
Backward Classes and Reservations
- The term "backward class" refers to social and educational backwardness.
- Backward Classes Commission is appointed by the President of India.
Constitution and Amendments
- 42nd Amendment Act introduced "Socialist" and "Secular" to the preamble.
- The amendment process is outlined in Article 368.
Election Commission and Voting Age
- Election Commission controls the supervision of elections.
- Voting age in India is 18 years.
Professional Ethics and Engineering Responsibilities
- Professional ethics define standards accepted by the profession.
- Engineers have responsibilities divided into three categories and should adhere to ethical standards.
Honesty and Integrity in Engineering
- Honesty is defined as truthfulness, and it is essential for engineers.
- Engineers must avoid fraudulent practices and prioritize society's well-being.
Ethical Standards and Professional Conduct
- The NSPE provides codes to avoid conflicts of interest and guide professional conduct.
- The integrity of engineers involves honesty and the conveying of complete information.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key aspects of the Indian Constitution with this quiz. Questions cover its commencement date, sources of authority, and fundamental principles. Challenge yourself and see how well you know the framework of one of the largest democracies in the world.
