38 Questions
Which statement is true about the Preamble?
It is not the part of the Constitution
Which country's system of Government was the basis for India's Cabinet system?
United Kingdom
Which of the following is NOT a fundamental duty of the citizens under the Constitution of India?
To know more and more about the history of India
Who said that 'In any event, whatever system of Government we may establish here must fit in with the temper of the people and be acceptable to them'?
Jawaharlal Nehru
Which of the following features was borrowed from the United States?
Written Constitution and Judicial Review
Which article deals with the provision of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan?
Article 6
What does the expression 'every person' in Article 5 include?
all of the above
Which article deals with the provision of voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign state not to be citizens?
Article 9
Which article of the Indian Constitution deals with the power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this part in their application to forces etc.?
Article 33
What is a key difference between Directive Principles and Fundamental Rights?
The Directives are not enforceable in the courts and do not create any justiciable rights in favor of individuals
Which of the following is a correct interpretation of the Constitution regarding the utility of Directives?
I and II are correct
What types of justice have been mentioned in Article 38 in Part IV of the Indian Constitution?
Social, economic, and political
According to Article 39 of the Indian Constitution, what is one of the objectives of the State's policy?
All of the above
What is the main difference between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles?
Fundamental Rights are enforceable in courts, while Directive Principles are not
Which article of the Indian Constitution deals with the State's duty to direct its policy towards securing certain objectives?
Article 39
What is the purpose of Directive Principles of State Policy?
To ensure the welfare of the people
Which clause of the Indian Constitution is associated with the Right to Freedom of Expression?
19 (1) A
What is included in the Right to Freedom of Association?
Both the right to start and continue an association, as well as to refuse membership
Which of the following is a Human Right as well as a Fundamental Right under the Constitution of India?
Right to Education
Which article of the Indian Constitution includes the Fundamental Duties of Indian Citizens?
Article 51A
Why is India a republic?
Because the head of state is not a hereditary monarch
What is Clause (1) B of Article 19 of the Indian Constitution associated with?
Right to Freedom of Assembly
What is the phenomenon that arises within a group when the beliefs or actions of one or more members of the group are resisted by or unacceptable to one or more members of another group?
Inter-group Conflict
Which of the following is an appropriate general principle with regard to 'Engineering Ethics'?
The Engineer shall regard his duty to the public welfare as paramount to all other obligations.
What is a written statement of policies and principles that guides the behavior of all employees called?
Code of Ethics
What is a situation in which an engineer's loyalty and obligations may be compromised due to self-interests or other loyalties and obligations?
Conflict of interest
Which of the following is not usually an objective of a code of ethics?
to enhance the profits of the business continuously.
Which of the following statements in the profession's code of ethics is the most accurate?
A code of ethics communicates the principles and expected behavior of a profession's members
What is the primary purpose of a code of ethics?
to create an ethical workplace
What is the role of a code of ethics in a profession?
to provide guidelines for ethical behavior
Under which condition can a person acquire citizenship by descent?
if either of his parents or any of his grandparents was born in India as defined in the Government of India Act, 1935
What is the scope of the Fundamental Rights secured under Article 32?
limited to the State action only
In which part of the Constitution are the Fundamental Rights enshrined?
Part III
Which of the following is included in the concept of ‘the State’ under Article 12?
all of the options
Which provision of the Constitution of India has been described as the soul of the Constitution?
Right to Constitutional Remedies
How many Fundamental Duties were incorporated in Article 51-A, by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976?
Nine
What is the effect of pre-Constitution laws under Article 13(1)?
they become void (from the date of the commencement of the Constitution) insofar as they are inconsistent with the fundamental rights
What is the scope of Article 13(2)?
it states that the State shall not make any law which takes away or abridges the fundamental rights
Study Notes
Indian Constitution
- The Constitution empowers Parliament to modify the rights conferred in its application to forces, etc. (Article 33)
- Fundamental Rights differ from Directive Principles in that they are enforceable in courts and create justiciable rights in favor of individuals (Article 32)
Directive Principles
- The Directives are not enforceable in courts and do not create justiciable rights in favor of individuals (Article 33)
- They require implementation by legislation, and neither the state nor an individual can violate existing laws or legal rights under the guise of following a Directive (Article 33)
- The courts are not competent to compel the government to carry out any Directive or make laws for that purpose (Article 33)
- Even though implementing a Directive Principle may cause hardship to a few individuals, it should be upheld in the larger interests of the community (Article 47)
Justice
- Article 38 in Part IV of the Indian Constitution mentions social, economic, and political justice (Article 38)
- The State shall direct its policy towards securing that citizens, men and women equally, have the right to an adequate means of livelihood (Article 39)
- The State shall also ensure that the ownership and control of material resources are distributed to subserve the common good (Article 39)
- Equal pay for equal work for both men and women is another principle (Article 39)
Citizenship
- A person voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign state is not a citizen (Article 9)
- Every person includes prisoners, members of the armed forces, and persons living within the territory of India (Article 5)
- Article 6 enshrines the provision conferring rights of citizenship to certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan (Article 6)
Fundamental Rights
- The Fundamental Rights secured under Article 32 to the individual are limited to State action only (Article 32)
- They are meant to protect persons against the conduct of private persons, foreigners, and the State (Article 32)
- The Fundamental Rights are enshrined in Part III of the Constitution (Article 32)
State
- The concept of 'the State' under Article 12 includes the Railway Board, Electricity Board, Judiciary, and University (Article 12)
Constitution
- The Preamble is not part of the Constitution (Article 1)
- The Constitution has been described as the soul of the Constitution (Article 13)
- The 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, incorporated ten Fundamental Duties in Article 51-A (Article 51-A)
Fundamental Duties
- Article 51-A includes the duty to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so (Article 51-A)
- The duty to protect monuments of national importance is another fundamental duty (Article 51-A)
- To know more and more about the history of India is not a fundamental duty (Article 51-A)
Other Rights
- Right to Freedom of Expression is guaranteed by Article 19 (1) A (Article 19)
- Right to Freedom of Association is guaranteed by Article 19 (1) C (Article 19)
- Right to Freedom of Assembly is guaranteed by Article 19 (1) B (Article 19)
Human Rights
- Right to Education is a Human Right as well as a Fundamental Right under the Constitution of India (Article 21-A)
- Right to Information, Right to Work, and Right to Housing are not explicitly mentioned as Human Rights in the Constitution (Article 21-A)
Test your knowledge of the Indian Constitution, specifically the power of Parliament to modify rights and the differences between Directive Principles and Fundamental Rights.
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